TURKISHPENALCODEREFORMFROMAGENDER…从社会性别的土耳其刑法改革…

GoodPracticesinLegislationonVAWinTurkey

PinarIlkkaracan

WomenforWomen’sHumanRights–NewWays

UNExpertGroupMeetingonGoodPracticesonLegislationonVAW,Vienna,May26-28,2021LegalReforms–politicalstruggleDifficultpoliticalenvironmentReligiousrightgovernmentsince2002DecentralizationEconomicpolicies,privatizationLegalReforms–politicalstruggleStrongindependentwomen’smovementExtensivenetworkingofwomen’sNGOsEffective,longtermcampaigningEffectiveuseofthemediaUsingwindowsofopportunityattherighttime,inaproactivemannerExtensiveLegalReformsinthepastdecade1998enactmentofProtectionorders2001reformoftheTurkishCivilCode2004reformoftheTurkishPenalCodeNow:CampaignontheconstitutionCampaignontheConstitution

Stateresponsibleforrealizingde-factoequalityTherighttosexualorientation

Protectionorders1998,amendedin2007Problemofthetitle‘TheLawtoprotecttheFamily〞Definitionofsurvivors-includesmarriedorseparatedwomenandtheirchildren–evenifthepartnerisnotlivingunderthesameroof.Problem:doesnotexplicitlymentiondivorcedwomen,defactorelationships

Protectionorders1998,amendedin2007Definitionofperpetrators–includesnotonlythespouse,butallfamilymemberslivingunderthesameroofProtectionorders1998,amendedin2007ShouldprovideguidelinesontheprincipleofurgentdecisionLackofmonitoring–forex.in2003,6147womenhaveapplied,butnoreportonoutcomesMonitoredbywomen’sNGOsthroughdisseminationofprecedentcases,butnotnecessarilybinding

TheReformoftheTurkishCivilCode,2001FullequalityinthefamilyMarriageageForcedmarriages:annulmentofmarriagepossiblewithinthefirst5yearsofmarriageMatrimonialpropertyregime–entitleswomentoequalshareoftheassetsaccumulatedthroughoutthemarriageTheReformoftheTurkishPenalCode-2004:

YoucannotwritetheTurkishPenalCodewithoutus!Ourbodiesandsexualitybelongtoourselves!TheCampaignontheReformoftheTurkishPenalCode

2001-2004

HolisticapproachAimingtoreformthephilosophyofthelawsoastorecognizeandprotecttherighttobodilyandsexualintegrityWordbywordformulatedarticlesTheReformoftheTurkishPenalCode,2004

Morethan40amendmentsEliminationofallnotionsrelatedtohonor,morality,chastity,decency,etc.EliminationofarticlesgrantingsentencereductionsincasetheperpetratormarriedthevictimTheReformoftheTurkishPenalCode,2004Sexualcrimesdefinedassexualassaultthatbreachesaperson’sbodilyinviolabilityNorequirementofinsertionofanorganorotherobjectMaritalrapecriminalizedEliminationofprovisionsreferringtoconsentofthesurvivorTheReformoftheTurkishPenalCode,2004EliminationofprovisionsreferringtoconsentCustomarykillingsdefinedasaggravatedhomicide(nothonorkillings!)Eliminationofarticlesdiscriminatingbetweenmarried/unmarriedwomen,virginornon-virginwomenImplementation

Research

shows

thatlessattentionpaid

tocollectionofmedicalevidenceincaseswhere

the

perpetratorisafamily

memberLackofclearproceduralguidelinesonevidencecollection,including

medical

evidenceSurvivorssubjectedtomedicalexaminationmorethanonceImplementationNeedfora

coordinated,integratedstatepolicytoeliminateviolenceagainstwomenwithspecifictargets,inaspecifiedtimeframeTheroleoftheinternational