英语期末开卷考试试题

英语期末开卷考试例题第一部分：阅读下列短文,并对文后命题做出判断，1-5对的选T，错的选F。30%(1)Foundations（基础（foundation的复数）；房基）Whilethetermfoundationissometimesusedtomeanthegroundsupportingabuildingorcivilengineeringstructure,itgenerallyreferstothatpartofastructurewhichtransfersthe“load”totheground.Althoughitdoesnotshowinthefinishedstructure,thefoundationisoneofthemostimportantpartsofthework,andmaycostmorethanthevisiblestructureitself.Beforedesign,theengineermustknowwhatloadistobesupportedandwhatarethepropertiesofthegroundbelow.（即使这个词基金会有时用来指地面支撑建筑物或土木工程构造,它普通指的是构造的一部分转让“加载”到地上。即使它并没有显示出在完毕构造,该基金会是最重要的一种部分的工作,并且费用可能超出可见的构造本身。在设计时,工程师必须懂得什么样的负载将得到支持和是什么性质的,地面。）Whatisthefoundationload?Itincludedtheweightofthestructureandalltheotherweightstobesupportedbystructure,suchasthepeopleusingit,goodsstoredinit,machineryworkinginitetc.（什么是基础负载?它涉及体重的构造和全部其它的重量来支持构造,例如人们使用它,商品寄存在它、机械工作在它等等。）Foundationforlightloads,suchasthoseforadomestichouseofsingle-storeyedbuilding,arefrequentlycarriedonthegroundlayerquitenearthesurfaceandconsistofaconcretestrip.Whenfoundationforabridgeorotherlargestructureshavetobebuiltthroughwaterorinwaterlogged(orverysoftground,acofferdamisusuallynecessary,orsometimesacaissonoramonolith(基金会为光负载,例如一种国内的房子single-storeyed的建筑,经常进行地面层相称表面附近,由一种具体的地带。当基础或其它大型桥梁构造必须是建立在水或在水涝(或非常柔软的地上,围堰普通是有必要的,或有时沉箱或一种单独的巨石)Inordertoobtaininformationaboutthatthegroundislikebelowthestructure,pitsandtestboresaremade,orevenshaftsortunnelsforthelargerstructure.(为了获得信息,就像下面的地面的构造,并测试了坑孔,甚至轴或隧道进行更大的构造。)True&Falsestatements:(真实与虚假陈说:)()1.Peopleusuallycannotseethefoundationinafinishedbuilding.(人们普通无法看到在完毕建设的基础。)()2.Thefoundationsometimescostsmorethanthevisiblestructureitself.(该基金会有时成本超出可见的构造本身。)()3.Theloadofthefoundationincludesonlytheweightofthestructure.(负载的基金会仅涉及构造的重量)()4.Thefoundationofthedomestichouseofone-storeyedbuildingisconsideredtobelightload.(国内房子的地基one-storeyed的建筑被认为是轻负载)()5.Thetextisregardedtobeofscientific,rigorousandpicture-like.(文本被视为科学、严谨、四季常青。)得分（2）WaterSupplySystem(原文在教材P.133)6-10选一种答案。()6.Whichofthefollowingsisoftencombinedwithoneanothertocutdownthecostofconstructionandservice?(下列那组经常随着着一种接一种地减少建筑成本和服务?)A.Acold-watersupplysystemandahotwatersupplysystem.(一种冷水供应系统和一种热水供应系统。)B.Domestic,fire-protectionandindustrialwatersupplysystems.(国内、消防、工业水供应系统。)C.Ameterboxandawatermeter.（一种电表箱和水表。)()7.Whichofthefollowingwatersupplysystemshasfilters?(下列哪个供水系统已过滤器?)A.Ahot-watersupplysystem(一种热水供应系统)B.Acold-watersupplysystem.(一种冷水供应系统)C.Afire-protectionwatersupplysystem.(一种消防供水系统。)()8.Incaseofinspectionoremergencies,whatwillbeusedinthewaterdistributionsystem?(在案件的检查或紧急状况,将用于供水系统?)A.Thewater-dispensingfixtures.()B.Thestoragetanks.(贮罐。)C.Thestopcock(停止旋塞)()9.Whatisusedtodistributewatersupplyamongtheusers?(什么是用于分发水供应在顾客呢)A.Thevalves(阀门)B.Thepipingsystem(管道系统)C.Thewater-dispensingfixtures(水配制装置)()10.Whatisthefunctionofthevalves?(什么是阀的功效)A.Todistributewatersupplyamongtheconsumers.(输送水供应在消费者。)B.Tocontroltheflowofwater.(来控制水的流向)C.Toletthewateroutfordirectuse.(让水流出为直接使用。)

第三部分句子翻译（54%）得分1.Quotationsshallremainvalidforaperiodof90daysfromthetenderclosingdate.(4’)(从投标截止日期为90天期间，报价应保持有效。)2.Yourquotationsshouldincludeallaspectsrequiredtocompletethework.(4)(您的报价应涉及完毕工作所需的全部方面。)3.Buildingmaterialsmusthavecertainphysicalpropertiestobestructurallyuseful.(4’)(建筑材料必须含有一定的物理性质，化学性质，构造有用。)4.Gravelandcementunitewithwatertoformconcrete.(4’)(砾石、水泥和水合起来就成了混凝土)5.Anelevatorisalabor-savingdevicewhichhelpspeopleandmaterialstomoveupordownabuildingwithgreatefficiencyandsafety.Elevatorsareusuallyinstalledinabuildingduringconstruction.(7’)(电梯是节省劳力的设备，这有助于人民和材料移动或向下巨大的效率和安全性建筑物。普通安装在建设施工期间的电梯。)6.Acold-watersupplysystemconsistsessentiallyofacommunicationpipe,ameterbox,pressureboosters,storagetanks,apipingsystem,valves,andwaterdispensingfixtures(taps).Ahot-watersupplysystemalsohaswaterheatersandfilters.(7’)(一种冷水供应系统涉及基本上通信管道,电表箱、压力推动器、储罐、管道系统中,阀门,和水配制装置(龙头)。一种热水供应系统也有热水器和过滤器。)7.Thereisalsoasymbolicforcetodecoration:itimpartstoanobjectorbuildingsomemeaningbeyonditsactualtime,place,orpurpose.Formostpeople,ahouseismuchmorethanashelter.Likeclothingorfurniture,tosomeextent,itrepresentsself-image,socialstatus,lifestyleandprivatefantasy.(8’)(尚有一种象征性的力量来装饰:它赋予一种对象或建筑某些意义超出其实际的时间、地点或者目的。对大多数人来说,房子不仅仅是一种避难所。像衣服或家具,在某种程度上,它代表的自我形象、社会地位、生活方式和私人的幻想。)8.Reinforcedconcretehassteelbarsthatareplacedintheconcretetocarrytensileforces.Thesesteelbars,whichrangeindiameterfrom0.2inchto2.25inches,havewrinklesonthesurfacestoensureabondwiththeconcrete.(8’)(钢筋混凝土钢钢筋放置在混凝土进行拉力。这些钢筋，直径范畴从0.2英寸到2.25英寸，表面有皱纹，以