英汉习语中有关狗的隐喻对比研究

安顺学院2018届本科毕业论文（设计）摘要动物是人类最密切的伙伴之一，由于这种关系，与动物相关的词汇也越来越多地充斥着人们的语言，比如一朝被蛇咬十年怕井绳、夜猫子进宅无事不来、狗咬吕洞宾不识好人心等等。在众多的与动物相关的词汇中，其背后都暗含着一定的隐喻含义。鉴于动物种类繁多，本文主要研究与狗有关的动物词汇。自古以来狗就是一种常见的动物，在现代社会，狗更是一种饲养率极高的宠物。与此同时，他在社会上也占有一定地位，因为他们充当着畜牧犬、医疗犬、搜救犬、导盲犬等不可或缺的社会角色。英语中存在大量的狗习语隐喻。这些狗习语隐喻是通过把狗的相关范畴映射到人身上来实现的。本文选题旨在研究英汉两种文化差异对英汉习语中有关狗的不同隐喻的影响，重点从文化差异的角度对英汉习语中有关狗的隐喻进行深入探讨，了解两种文化的异同之处，将对我们学习英语有很大的帮助。意义：文章得出的结论旨在帮助和提高语言学习者学习中西方文化的差异性，从而真正的学好英语并成功地进行跨文化交际。关键词：英汉习语狗的隐喻对比研究AcontrastivestudyofdogsinEnglishandChineseIdiomsAnimalsareoneofthemostintimatepartnersofhumanbeings.Asaresultofthisrelationship,animalrelatedwordsarebecomingmoreandmorefullofpeople'slanguage,suchasthetenyearsofbeingbittenbyasnake,anightcatinthehouse,adogtobiteLvDongbinandnotknowtheheartoftheheart,andsoon.Inmanyanimalrelatedwords,therearesomemetaphoricalmeaningsbehindthem.Inviewofthewidevarietyofanimals,thispapermainlystudiesanimalwordsrelatedtodogs.Sinceancienttimes,dogsareacommonanimal.Inmodernsociety,dogsarealsohighlyrearingpets.Atthesametime,healsooccupiesacertainpositioninthesociety,becausetheyserveastheindispensablesocialroleofanimaldog,medicaldog,searchandrescuedog,guidedogandsoon.TherearealotofdogidiommetaphorsinEnglish.Thedogidiommetaphorisrealizedbymappingtherelatedcategoryofthedogtothehumanbody.ThispaperaimstostudythetwodifferentculturesondifferenteffectsofmetaphorinEnglishandChineseidiomsaboutdogs,thekeytoconductin-depthstudyaboutthedogmetaphorinEnglishandChineseIdiomsfromtheperspectiveofculturaldifferences,understandthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthetwocultures,willbeofgreathelpforustolearnEnglish.Meaning:theconclusionofthearticleisintendedtohelpandimprovelanguagelearners'differencesinlearningwesternculture,soastotrulylearnEnglishwellandsuccessfullyinterculturalcommunication.Keywords:EnglishandChineseidiomsdogmetaphoracontrastivestudy.ContentsTOC\o"1-3"\h\u摘要 ].ShecametoaconclusionthattheconceptualmetaphorofdoginEnglishandChinesecanbeattributedto"humanbeingdog"，theyarebothcommendableandderogatory.Therearefivetypesinthesameconceptualmetaphor，"stubborn,promiscuous,lowstatus,corruptdegenerate,andloyalpeoplearedogs."Differentmetaphoricallanguagereflectstheculturalsimilarities.Whatismore,italsodemonstratesthedifferences.Thispaperresearchedondogmetaphorfromtheperspectiveofculture.Mostimportantly,inordertoimprovethecommunicationbetweenEnglishandChinese,Iwillanalysisthereasonsofthesimilaritiesanddifferences.Ingeneral,somanypeoplehavestudiedsomuchaboutthetopic“dog”andwhattheydidreallyworthrespecting.AndwhatIwanttodiscussinthispaperisalsoonthebaseoftheirdiligentwork.Ofcourse,forthelackofknowledge,theremustbesomedefeatsandshortcomingsinthisthesis,suggestionsandimprovementswillbegreatlyreceived.3MetaphoricalIdiomsaboutDoginChineseandWesternCultures3.1MetaphoricalIdiomsaboutDoginChineseCulture"Thedog",alsoknownas"dog",in"modernChineseDictionary"intheexplanation:"manyspeciesofmammals,olfactoryandauditoryhairisverysensitive,yellow,white,blackandothercolors,isakindofanimal,sometohelphunt,shepherd,andsomecanbetraineddogsetc.."Thefirstdogisusedtoguardthehouse.However,withthecontinuousdevelopmentofsociety,peoplehavegraduallyfoundmoreuseful,suchasmanycityfamilypetdognow,theyarenotreallyusedtohouse,butasahumanpartner,especiallyfamilyhostessofintimatepartner,thereforehasahighfamilystatusandsocialstatus;inadditioninrecentyears,guidedogsarealsoattractsmoreandmoreattentionandwelcomemanytraininginstitutionsfortheblind.InChinese,thewordsinvolvingdogs(or"dogs")aretoonumeroustoenumerate,andthefollowingarelisted,andthenabriefanalysisismade.(1)Adogisabadperson,suchas:Cornered:originally,JiangSongcoupleallthepropertyintheUnitedStatesareentrustedtoKongXiangxi'scare,sontothehole,withapowerfulextremelykiller.ThetraitorWanggouzhangrenshi:translation~command,hascometothemiddleoftheyard.A:LiDenghui'shousetoactivelypromotecross-straitrelationsrightaway,isunknown;intheway,theidentitytotheUnitedStatesinanawkwardpositionhighlightsLee's"internationalspace",isnotwise.Dogbitesthedog:theJapanesewarlordslaunchedawarofaggression,justusinghisphilosophy,andheclimbedhigherandhigher.(2)Thedogmetaphorofinfamy,forexample:Sonofabitch:peopleeatmeontheday,drinkme,Ihavedifficulties,eventoseemedonotagree,agroupof.Henchman:peoplewerecalledfortheperpetratorstohelpmasterorslavetotamedog,calledpug,mangydogisshamelessmeanandhavingnosenseofshame,eclipseisabaddoginthewater,onlybadideaiscalledapersonwhooffersbadadvice.Thedogtraitors:LiXiaoheifaceablack,ashesaid:"yougotothedeviltoreportit,Iamnotafraidofdeath,oneday"Dogvomit:Chengguanaround,neartheblackgunisnotwhatrarething,plushisheart~,thinkingabouttheillnessof"Royal",andwentstraightintotheEastgate.(3)Thedogmetaphorflattering,snobbish,nottoknowgoodfrombad,forexample:Actlikeasnob:MengLi,Yasudasaid,youdon'thavetolearn,buttheZhuangculturemuseumcuratorofleadershipintheyounggounahaozinosy:yo!,hethoughtofthis,butIcannotbelieve,becauseactuallygotowaranddeathseemtobetoofarawayfromhim;ifheissohardto.Liketo.Thedog(LvDongbinungrateful):thankstomysummerthreehandeyesky,justfromthepawnbrokerbendoverbackwards,handsoutfishing,hopingtoPingLake,whowouldyouhaveto.(4)ThedogYuDaodewascorrupted,forexample:Ascruelasawolf:inaword,tothemselvesasthecenter,aslongastheresultingbenefits;tosay,cancertainlyputFaraday,Edisonandotherpopularwrithedinthegrave.Evilassociates:whoknows,thisisahoaxdirectorDanielhand,theseveralhippiesarespeciallyinvitedtoDaniel.PainDaluoshuigou:throughthe"Three-18"thetragedyofthelesson,LinYutangfinallyfeelaneedto,tobecomeadaringvanguardtothecampaign.(5)Thedogisaselfdeprecating,selfdeprecating,forexample:Servicestationtothefront:hegaveaimpromptuspeech,determinedtoSijiazhuangeffecttotradition:shakeinJinLiu,generationslivingtoday,toleadasmall,femaleOrioleson,toChangchun,youborrowapieceoftreasure,afewshowlittleskill,mixtoeat.(6)Insomepartsofthenorth,thedogmetaphorisstingy,stingy,forexample:Myclassmateswantherdog,itisprohibitivelydifficulttoputalittleblood.Hewastoodogtoexpecttoeatgoodthingsathishouse,andhenevergaveuptoeat.Fromtheabovemetaphor,wecanfindthatthemetaphorof"dog"isbasicallynotgood,andcontainsderogatory.Theaboveexamplesareallinthefieldofhumanbeing,whichisprojectedfromthesourcefieldofdogtohumansociety,includingbadpeople,snobs,corruptedpeople,etc.Aftersucha"projection",themeaningtobeexpressedismorevividandundisguised,andthemeaningoftheexpressionismoreprofound.Ofcourse,thiskindofprojectionisnotanunfounded,arbitrary,butalong-termhistoricalandculturalaccumulationandtheresultofthepeople.Basically,itmeansthatthereareexceptions,suchas"dogsdon'tthinkgupin,notmislikemotherugly","marry,follow","nestthantheirdog",theseisnoderogatory.Itcanbeseenthatthereisaprofoundculturalorigininthisderogatoryone.Inaddition,intheoldChinaornorthernruralandremotemountainousareasarehometohissonnamed"dogegg","twodog","dog.".Accordingtofolklore,thepeoplethattakethisnameindicateschildrentofeed,muchlessdisaster.CultureisaChinesecharactersthereisevidencetotesthistory,wordsof"dog"toonumeroustomentionsinceancienttimes,peoplehavetheimpressionthatthedogisasymbolofloyalty,loyalty,iscompletelytrustworthy,andthereforemoreoftenthancats,peoplechoosetolovedogsratherthancats,thecharacterofitthatdogiswidelyacceptedbypeople.Accordingtotheabovemetaphorsondogs,wefindthattherearefewaffirmativeexpressions,mostofwhichcontainderogatoryandnegativeattitudes.Whyistheresuchadifference?Cognitivelinguistsbelievethatlanguageisnotadirectreflectionofobjectivereality,andthereissomeone'scognitionoftheobjectiveworld(XuGuozhang1988:9).Thisviewcanbewritteninexpression:Reality--cognition-language.Justlikepeople'sattitudes,intentionsandposturestoobservecrystals,people'sperceptionofmetaphoricalexpressionsalsowidenspeople'sunderstandingoftopicsbecauseoftheiremotion,attitudeandassociation.Itcanbeseenthatcognitionisdifferentfromthedifferencesbetweentheemotions,attitudesandassociationsofthesubject.Fromthisaspect,itisnotdifficulttounderstandwhythenaturalmeaningofthe"dog"issodifferentfromitsmetaphoricalmeaning.Firstwelookattheirlivinghabits,beforethewatchdogto"shit"astheirmainfood,accordingtothecharacteristicsofit,thereisa"expressionofourlanguagemetaphordogvomit",literallylikethelifecharacteristicsofthegeneralgood.Butwiththefurtherexpansionoftheapplication,weknowthatthisstatementisnotonlyasimpledescriptionofitslifehabits,butprojectedtopeople,saidpeoplecannotchangethebadhabitsofcharacter.Thismetaphorisbasedonthehabitofthedogandhissubjectiveattitudetothedog,andithaslongneglecteditsothergoodconduct.Secondly,theshapeofthedoganda"tail",especiallytoseeit""Familiarpeople,thisfeatureismoreandmoreincisivelyandvividly,ofcourse,thisisalsorelatedtothemaster's"teaching".Astheanimaltheycannotdistinguishbetweenwhatisgoodandbad,richandpoor,theirtailisacompletelyunconscious,butthelanguageisfromlifeandreflectthelifeofthepeople,aftertheacquiredproductionandLenovo,"dog"slowlycanhasteninflammation,themetaphorofpotentialmoralbadactsofpeopleweknowChinese,sayingthat"Goodnewsgoesoncrutches,qiuckly",becausethemetaphoricalmeaningofpeopleaddedsomuchtodenythe"dog",afteralongtimecontinuetospread,peopleonthe"dog"thenegationofmetaphoricalmeaninggraduallyoccupiedthemainposition,goodqualityoftheso-calledloyaltyit'shisjob,heturnedaminoraspectofnotbeingtakenseriously,untilfinallydisappearedcompletely,negativenegativeeventuallyprevailed,intothemainmeansofexpression.Throughtheaboveanalysiswecansee:Chinese"dog"influencedbytheChineseculturaltraditionandpeople'scognitivestyleandeventuallyproducedarelativelyfixed,completelydifferentfromthewesternlanguageinthe"dog"image,thisrelativelyfixed"culturalheritage"isdifferentfromthegeneralimagewiththecontextandimagechangesanditmakesalanguageshowsdistinctivenationalculture.Theseformsofexpressionhavebecomecommoneverydaylanguageandconsciouslybecomepeople'swayofthinking.Ingeneral,peoplehavenotrealizedtheirmetaphoricalnature,becausepeopleareaccustomedtothinkingandtalkingaboutabstractthingswithfamiliarthings.Asabasiccognitiveway,manyconceptsinhumanconceptsystemareaccomplishedbymetaphor.Itisadeepcoreconceptinhumanconceptsystem.Itplaysanimportantroleindailythinkinganddiscourseexpression.Itcanbesaidthatthereisnolanguagewithoutmetaphor,andthereisnohumanconceptualsystem.Themetaphoricalwayofthinking,likeotherperception,hasbecomethebasicwayforpeopletoorganizeexperience,torecognizetheworldandtoliveontheirown.3.2MetaphoricalIdiomsaboutDoginWesternCultureInEnglish,thetargetareasofmetaphorsindogidiomsaremainlycenteredonhumanbeings.Theyareusedtodescribesomeoccupations,goodorbademotions,variouspersonalities,happyorsadsituations,andsomebehaviorsandsuggestions.(1)MetaphorprofessionInEnglish,adogisusedtometaphoraprofessionalidiomintwowords,anditisrelatedtoacertainskill.Forexample,seadogreferstotheoldseamanperennialboat,knowhowtodealwithvariousemergencysituations;andsaltydogespeciallyatseatheseaman,goodatswimming;waterdogreferstowaterofgoodpeople,usuallyengagedinwaterrelatedwork.Hotdognotonlyreferstothefamiliar,loved,"hotdogs"thatrepresentAmericancharacteristics,butalsothebestsportsmeninthesportsfield.Olddogistranslatedintoanexpertandreferstoanexpertinafield.Andbigdogreferstobodyguardsinadditiontobigmenandtycoons,andnowuseswatchdogtorefertobodyguards,althoughthelatteristypicaloftheguard.Duetotheinvolvementoftechnology,suchoccupationshavebeengraduallyreplacedbyelectronicdevices.Sothemeaningofwatchdogandmonitorisfromdogtohuman,andthentothingsthathavesuchhumancharacteristics.Ofcourse,thereareexceptions,suchasDogface,whichreferstolow-levelsoldiers,suchasinfantry,smallsoldiers,andsoon.Whiletopdogreferstotheleaderandleaderofaprofession.Itisfurtherextendedtobethewinner.Underdogisthebottomworkerofaprofession,andalsotheloserofcompetition.(2)MetaphoricalemotionAdogisusedtometaphortheemotionsofhumanbeings.InEnglish,dogidiomscanexpresshappiness,sadness,orsomeonewithsomekindofemotion.Forexample,like/asadogwithtwotailsistodescribewhathappinessislike;onthecontrary,withtwotailbetweenthelegsmeansdownhearted,indicatingthatpeoplefeeldepressedaftersetbacks.Hang-doglookisasadface.Itreferstothefeelingofdepressionwhenpeopleencounterunresolvedthings.Feellikeadogsdinnerreferstofeelinguncomfortable,confused,anxiousandrestless.Jollydogisafunnyperson,suchapersoncanalwaysbringhappinesstoothers,soifwesayTomisajollydog,thatmeanswhenwesayitisflashinghappymood.Ofcourse,ifTomisablackdog,thatmeansthatTomdoesnotgivepeopleanythingtobehappy,becauseablackdogreferstoadepressedperson.(3)MetaphoricalcharacterInEnglish,itisacommonthingtodescribehumancharacterwithdogidioms.Itcanbemetaphoricaltosomepositiveandadmirablecharacterfeatures,andalsotoexpressthecharacterqualitiesthataredislikeorevendisgraced.Suchas:Usedogidiomstofigureoutthecharacterofloyalty.Thedogisregardedasafaithfulanimal,andfaithfulnessisitsnature,sothiskindofidiomisverycommon.Asfaithfulasadogmeansloyaltylikeadog,whiledog-likedevotionmeanstocontributetoadog'sowndog,andeventodeathofTo,die,dogandfor.Ithastobesaidthathumanbeingsreallyneedthisquality.Usedogidiomstofigureoutthecharacterofdiligence.Inadditiontothefaithfulcharacterofthedog,duediligenceandscrupulouslyscrupulously,thedogisalsopraisedbyhumanbeings.SoweuseToworklikeadogtoworkhardorworkhard,whileSleepaDog-sleepreferstosleepnappingorsleepingforawhile.Itdescribespeople'svigilanceatworkatanytime,justlikeadogguardingtheirhomesatnight.Inadditiontothemetaphorsthathavebeenbroughtaboutbysomeoftheabove,thedoghasmanyplacestobecriticizedforbeingusedasametaphorforpeoplewhoarenothappyorevendisgraced.Suchas:Comparedtothepeople,thedogslackingflexibility.InEnglish,Dogone'ssteptofollowsb.Thatmeansnotinsist,followyourheart;comelikeadogatawhistleforacallthatiscoming,becausethedogdoeshostawhistle,call,listentoact.Adulldogisnotverytalkative,dull,dulllanguageperson;adumbdogisevenmore,referstothereactionwoodbescantyofwords,italsohasagoodsidetolippedman,olddogswilllearnnonewtricksreferstotheoldpeopletolearnnewthings,saidtheelderlydonotadapteasilynewskillsarenotwillingtochangetheirwayofdoingthings.Adogcannotbeignoredonthesideofhumanabominablecharacteristics.Suchidiomsareoftenusedinformalstructure,modifyingtheadjectivesornounsofadogtodeterminethemeaningoftheidiom.Suchas:Bulldogreferstothedifficultpeople,isnoteasytoletapersonclosetosnobbish;dogtemporizer,oppressthepeople,tocurryfavorwiththeelitedogmeans;ayellowadirtydogwretch;referstoimmoralpeople,badguy;dogreferstoahoundlust,hookingupinthestreetalldayidlepeoplea;saddogaslydogaman;whosecretlytrails.Aviledogisnomoralbottomlineshameless.(4)ThespecificcircumstancesofthemetaphorInadditiontoaperson'sownprofession,emotionandcharacter,dogidiomscanalsobeusedasametaphorforsomespecificcircumstancesaroundpeople.Suchas:Helpalamedogoverastilemeanstohelppeopleindistress,timelyassistance,extendedtoprovidetimelyhelpwhenneeded.Asonneverthinkshismotherugly,andadognevershunsitsownershomehowevershabbyitis"isnotmislikemotherugly,dogsdon'tthinkgupin,whichremindspeoplenotdevoidofgratitude.Therearealsosomebadsituations,suchasgotothedogs,whichmeansdeteriorationordegradation.Inthedoghousemeanscoldreceptionanddisgrace;Adogssisaverybadthingtodo,averydirtyorconfusingscene.Blowoffone'sdogsistogiveupthebusinessthatyouwanttodoandgiveuptheidealjob;Acat-and-doglifereferstoanoisyday.Dogitprefertoavoidwork.Treatsomebodylikeadogmakessomeonelookwronganddisrespectothers.Nobody,but,a,dog,evict,his,ownmother,onlytheanimalswhoareinferiortoanimalswillkeepthemotheroutofthedoor.Dog,returns,to,andrecidivismcommittheoldcrimes,whichmeanseveryonecan'tgetridoftheirbadhabits.Dogidiomscanalsoexpresssomeadviceoradvice.SuchasLetsleepingdogslieandItisilltroubletowakensleepingdogsexpressedthesamemeaning,advicenottostiruptroubleandDogsthathuman;putupmanyhareskillnoneisnotgreedy,donotcalculatetoobadly,warnpeoplenotgreedy,caretoomuchinterest.Thedogthatfetcheswillcarrymeansthatpeoplewhosaybadwordstoyouwillalsosaybadwordsandsuggestthatyoustayawayfromthisperson.Therearemorewaystokilladogthanhangingmeansthattherearemorethanonewaytosolveproblems.Don'ttakethemostsimpleandcrudewaytosolveproblemsfromdifferentangles.Indailycommunication,themetaphorofdogidiomsiswidelyused.Todescribeallaspectsofhumanlife,whydoesitusethisdogidiomratherthanthattometaphoracertainprofession,moodorcharacter?Thisisrelatedtothecharacteristicsofthesourcedomainofthemetaphor,thedog,andthesourcedomaindeterminesthecategoryofthetargetdomain.3.3TheSimilaritiesandDifferencesofTwoculturesabout“Dog”3.3.1Thegeneralityof"dog"MetaphorsinEnglishandChineseHumanbeingsliveonthesameearthandhavesimilarevolutionanddevelopment.Therefore,eventhoughtheculturesofdifferentnationalitiesarequitedifferent,allethnicgroupsstillshareacommoncognitivebasis.Andlanguage,asoneoftheimportantmeansofcognition,isinevitablyinfluencedbythesecommonalities.Althoughthenatureofanimalwillbeaffectedbytheregionalenvironmentanddifferent,butbasicallythesame,sointwolanguages,"dog"metaphorshavecommonness,intwolanguages,theconceptualmetaphormetaphorofhumanimageofthe"dog"forthecommon,mainlyreflectedinthebasicbehaviorcharacteristicsandonthecharacterfeatures:(1)themappingofbehavioralcharacteristics-thebluffThebarkofadogisloudbutoftenbluffing.Itseldombitepeople.Thisfeatureisusedforpeoplewhoareeasytohandlebecauseoftheirirritabilityandseeminglyfierce.Ontheotherhand,thedogthatdoesnotbarkcanbeusedforsinistervillainofthequitedifferentmetaphor.InEnglishandChinese,thesetwofeaturesareusedtocomparetheuseofpeople,suchas:1)thedogthatwillcalldoesnotbite,andthedogthatbitesisnotcalled.2)Barkingdogsdonotbite.(barkingdogdoesnotbite,theruthlessmouthissoft)3)Bewareofasilentdogandstillwater.(watchoutfornobarkingdog,carefulwater)(2)themappingofcharactercharacteristics-loyaltyInChineseandWesterncountries,dogsaregenerallyregardedasasymbolofloyaltyandagoodpartnerofhumanbeings.Therefore,inEnglishandChinese,itismoreobviousfor"loyalloyalty"tocomparethoseloyalpeople.ThesecommonalitiesreflectthesimilaritybetweenChineseandWesterncountriesincognitionofdogsandtheirbehaviorsandpersonalities,suchas:1)notmislikemotherugly,dogsdon'tthinkgupin.(usedtodescribethosewhogratitudeorloyaltytothepeople)2)diedogforsomeone(forsbslave)Inaddition,thegreedycharacterof"dog"isusedinEnglishandChinesefortheuseofpeoplewithgreed,suchas:1)can'tfeedthedog(usedpeoplewanttosinkithard)2)Thedogthatlicksashestrustnotwithmeal(lickingdogisnotworthittoashestoeat).3.3.2thepersonalityof"dog"metaphorinEnglishandChineseAsoneofthespecialanduniversallinguisticphenomena,metaphorisboundtoplayaroleinthereflectionandtransferoflanguagetoculture.Metaphorisacognitivemeansofhumanbeingtotheobjectiveworld.Itconveyshumanthoughtandculture,thatistosay,cultureismappedthroughmetaphor.Nidabelievesthatthereareculturaldifferencesthatcannotbeignoredindifferentlanguages.Therearealsodifferencesinthenatureofthemetaphor.AlthoughChineseandEnglishhavesomecommoncharactersfor"dog"metaphors,butbythetwodifferentculturalbackground,lifehabit,influenceofreligion,thetwolanguagesinunderstandinganduseofmetaphoronthedog"reflectsthewesterncultureingreatdifference.FromtheChinaculturaltradition,althoughtherelationshipbetweenmanandthedogisveryclose,butthe"dog"isregardedasthehumbleimage,thereforeintheprocessoflanguageuse,"dog"isoftenusedasametaphorofhumble,humble,cruel,parasiticderogatorymetaphor,suchas:1)Actlikeasnobusedtodescribeapersonsuperciliousandself-conceitedshort-sightedman.)2)evilassociatesreferstoanumberofidle,idleawayinseekingpleasurefriends)3)crueldoglungheartasruthlessasevilandviciousdog)4)adog.Incontrast,countriesaffectedbytheinfluenceofAngloAmericanculture,"dog"loyaltyputtheir"dog"inarelativelyhighposition,theyputthe"dog"asthemostloyalfriend,andisamemberofthefamily,sointheuseoflanguage,metaphorisclosewith"dog"usuallyiscordial,friendlyandcheerful,neutralandpositivemetaphor,suchas:1)aluckydog(lucky)2)atopdog(influentialpeople)3)Loveme,lovemydog.(Aiwujiwu)4TheReasonscauseDifferentMetaphoricalIdiomsabout“Dog”TherearesimilaritiesanddifferencesintheprojectionofthetwoEnglishandChineselanguagesinthe"dog"metaphor.Thescopeofthesameprojectfromthispointofview,thefundamentalreasonistheimageofthedog,character,habitsandbehavior,thisisthenatureoftheenvironmentintheearthsincethedogitselfevolutionarydevelopmentbasicallystable,reflectingtheChinesebetweenwithwesterncountriesinacommonunderstandingoftheworld.Thedifferentprojectionrangesofthetwolanguagesaremainlyduetothedifferencesinthesemanticprominenceofthe"dog"metaphor:Lakoff(1993:205-251)pointedoutthat"itisthesystematicrequestthatallowsustoregardoneaspectofaconceptasanotherconcept,whichconcealsotheraspectsoftheconcept.Byallowingustofocusononeaspectofaconcept,metaphoricalconceptspreventusfrompayingattentiontootheraspectsoftheconceptwhicharenotcompatiblewiththismetaphor.Theviewthatthesemanticsalienceprinciple,conceptualmetaphorisaselectivepartofthetransfer,andchoseaconceptofacertainaspectofmeaningratherthanotheraspects,thisisbecausethesemanticsofthesehighlightsisusuallyafieldanimalhaslongbeenthemostoutstandingperformancecharacteristics,whichformedinthehumanbrainthinkingcharacteristicsfixedisreflectedinthelanguage.Foralongtime,humancognitionhasformedamore