2021届高考英语“中国元素”之阅读理解 中国文化（二）

2021届高考英语“中国元素”之阅读理解中国文化（二）

、

Formorethan2,000yearstheChinesepeoplehavebeenguidedbytheidealsof

Confucianism.ItsfounderandgreatestteacherwasConfucius,whosehumanephilosophyalso

influencedthecivilizationofallofeasternAsia.ManylegendswerespreadtoillustrateConfucius;

beliefs.Accordingtoonestory,heandhisfollowerspassedacemeterywhereawomanwas

weepingatagraveside.Shetoldthemshewascryingbecause"myhusband'sfatherwaskilled

herebyatiger,andmyhusbandalso,andnowmysonhasmetthesamefate”.Whentheyasked

herwhyshedidnotleavesuchafatalspot,sheansweredthatinthisplacetherewasno

oppressivegovernment."'Rememberthis,mychildren/saidConfucius,"oppressivegovernment

isfiercerandmorefearedthanatiger".

Insuchteachingandwithsuchwisesayings,Confuciustriedtobringpeoplearespectfor

theteachingsofthewisemenofoldergenerations.Healwayssaidofhimselfthathewasa

^transmitter,notamaker”.Hecollectedandeditedthepoetry,themusic,andthehistorical

writingsofwhatheconsideredthegoldenage.

Confuciuslaidnoclaimtobeingmorethanaman.Yetwhenhediedhewasadmiredalmost

asgod.TempleswereconstructedinhishonorineverycityofChina.HisgraveatKufow,inwhat

isnowShandongProvince,becameaplaceofpilgrimage.

ThoughConfucianismiscommonlycalledareligion,itisratherasystemofmoralconduct.

ConfuciusdidnottalkofGodbutofgoodness.Hedidnotteachaboutanygod,simplysaying,

“Respectthegods,buthaveaslittletodowiththemaspossible/'Hisattentionwascenteredon

makingpeoplebetterinthe汗lifetime,andhisAnalectsarewisesayingssimilartotheProverbsin

theBible.

ConfuciusistheLatinizedformofthephilosopher'sChinesename,whichwasK'ung-fu-tzu,

meaningMasterK'ung.Hewasborninapoorbutnoblefamily.Hisfatherdiedwhentheboywas

3yearsold.Whenhewasonly6,peoplenotedhisfondnessforsettingoutsacrificesandfor

ceremony.Afterhismarriageatage19,heworkedforthegovernorofhisdistrict,firstakeeperof

storesandthenasanoverseerofparksandlivestock.Attheageof22hebeganhislifeasa

teacherbyestablishingaschool.Heacceptedvaluableaidfromsomeofhisstudents,

buthealsowelcomedstudentswhocouldaffordtopayonlyasmallfee.

Aftersomeyearsofteachingandtravel,hesettledinShandongfor15years.Whenhewas

52yearsold,hewasrewardedwithanappointmentasgovernorofaprovinceandneverfailedto

winthecredithedeserved.Heperformedhistasksowellthataneighboringgovernorbecame

jealous.Later,Confuciustraveledaroundotherkingdomsandwanderedaboutfor13years.

Eventually,hereturnedtohisnativestateofLuinhis69thyearanddiedthreeyearslater.

l.ThestoryofthewomaninPara.lismentionedtoshow.

A.Confuciuswascreativeandsympathetic

B.thegovernmentthenwasfiercerthanatiger

C-Confucius'sbeliefsareverypopular

D.Confuciusoftenwantedtoinfluencepeople

2.Accordingtotheauthor,Confuciushimself.

A.wastiredofspreadinghisteachingsinhislateyear.

B.wasnotinterestedinreformingthesociety

C.didnotwantpeopletoworshiphimasgod

0.showedgreatdisrespectforthenoblefamilies

3.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinPara.4mean?

A.Confucianismisdifferentfromcommonreligion.

B.Godblessesthosewhoshowrespectandgoodness.

C.Peopleareadvisedtokeepadistancefromgods.

D.Confuciushighlightstheimportanceofvirtue.

4.lntheeyesoftheauthor,Confucius'politicallife.

A.washighlysuccessful

B.turnedouttobeasurprise

C.wasboundtofailbecauseofhisbelief

D.wasnotsoimportantashisteachinglife

5.AsregardsConfuciusandhisteachings,thetoneofthepassageismarkedwith.

A.objectivespiritB.deepadmiration

C.greatopennessD.obvioussurprise

TheTorchFestival）〈把节）isatraditionalfestivalwhichiscelebratedamongsomeethnic

groupsinsouthwesternChina,suchastheYi,Bai,Hani,Lisu,andLahu,etc.Itusuallyfallsonthe

24thor25thofJune,withthreedaysofcelebrations.Thefestivalcamefromworship（崇拜）offire

byancestors（祖先）.Forsomeethnicgroups,it'satraditioninthefestivalforelderstoshare

farmingexperiencewithyoungpeopleandeducatethemabouttakingcareofcrops.

Duringthefestival,bigtorchesaremadetostandinallvillages,withsmalltorchesplacedin

frontofthedoorofeachhouse.Whennightfalls,thetorchesarelitandthevillagesarebright.At

thesametime,peoplewalkaroundthefieldsandhouses,holdingsmalltorchesandplacingthem

inthefieldcorners.Insidethevillages,youngpeoplearesinginganddancingaroundthebig

torchesthatkeepburningthroughoutthenight.Otheractivitieslikehorseracesarealsoheld

duringthefestival.

InahorseraceoftheYipeopleinYunnan,torchesareusedtoformhurdlesforriderstoget

through.TheHanipeopleinYunnantraditionallytiefruitstotorcheswithstrings.Whenthe

stringsarebrokenafterthetorchesarelit,peoplestruggleforthefruitsforgoodluck.

FortheLisupeopleinSichuan,thefestivalisanoccasionforholdingtorchparades.Big

torchesarecarriedbyteamsofpeople,whichislikeafiredragon.Ifdifferentteamsmeet,it'sa

traditiontoexchangethebigtorcheswithoneanother.

l.WhatcanweknowabouttheTorchFestivalfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Ithasnothingtodowithfarming.

B.ltscelebrationsusuallylasttwodays.

C.ltisatraditionalfestivalofallChina.

D.ltisafestivaltoshowworshipoffire.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"them"inparagraph1referto?

A.AncestorsB.YoungpeopleC.日dersD.Ethnicgroups

3.Whatisthemainideaofthesecondparagraph?

A.Whythefestivalisenjoyed.

B.Wherethefestivaliscelebrated.

C.Howthefestivaliscelebrated.

D.Whattorchesareusedforthefestival.

4.WhichisawaythatLisupeopleinSichuancelebratethefestivalaccordingtothetext?

A.Holdingtorchparades.

B.Tyingfruitstotorcheswithstrings.

C.Strugglingforfruitsforgoodluck.

D.Usingtorchesashurdlesforahorserace.

三、

A63-year-oldChinesecarpenter'straditionalskillshavebecomeanunexpectedInternethit

ashecreateswoodworkwithasinglepieceofwood,withoutglue,screwsornails.WangDewen,

knownas“GrandpaAmu“onYouTube,hasbeenpraisedasthemoderndayLuBan,awell-known

ChinesestructuralengineerduringtheZhouDynasty,thankstohisrichcarpentry（木工手

艺）knowledge.

GrandpaAmu*smostpopularvideo,whichshowshimmakingadelicatewoodenarch

bridge,hasgoneviralonYouTube,gainingmorethan40millionviews."Ifyoudosomething,you

havetoloveit,andyouhavetobeinterestedinit;however;beinginteresteddoesn'tmean

there'sonlyhappinessandnopain."GrandpaAmusharedwhentalkingabouthisexcellent

carpentryskills.

Hismostpopularworksincludeafoldingstool,amodeloftheChinapavilionfromthe2010

ShanghaiExpo,andanapple-shapedinterlockingpuzzle,knownasaLuBanlock.GrandpaAmu

followsanancientChinesemortiseandtenon怫卯）technique,whichmeansnonailsorglueare

involvedintheentireprocessofbuildingthearchbridge.

Themastercarpenterhasalsomadeseveralwoodentoysforhisgrandsonusingthesame

technique.Hisyounggrandson'sfavoritesincludeawalkingPeppaPigandabubbleblowing

machine.Attractingover1.17millionfansonYouTube,GrandpaAmu'svideossofarhavegained

morethan200millionviews.

Hiswonderfulwoodworkingskills,using.thesamemortiseandtenonjointsfoundinthe

ForbiddenCity,weredevelopedfromtheageofthirteenasawayofsupportinghisfamilyinEast

China'sShandongProvince.Z/Thegrandsonissohappy»astherehavebeensomanyfineand

uniquetoysmadebygrandpafromanearlyage,"commentedonenetizen;whileanothersaid

"It'samazing.Ihopethesetraditionalcraftscanbepassedon!"

l.WhyisGrandpaAmuregardedasthemoderndayLuBan?

A.Forhissimplewords.B.Forhispopularvideos.

C.Forhiscarpentryskills.D.Forhisexcellentarchbridge.

2.WhatdoGrandpaAmu'sremarksmeaninParagraph2?

A.Theoryisfrompracitce.B.Successdependsonlove.

C.Excellentskillslieinhardwork.D.Happinesscomesfrominterest.

3.WhatistheuniquefeatureofGrandpaAmu'scraftworks?

A.Nonailsorglue.B.Delicatedesign.

C.Theappleshape.D.Thewoodenmaterial.

4.Whatmessagedoesthistextmainlyconvey?

A.Beingpopularmeansmorefans.

B.Perfectskillsearnmoremoney.

C.Supportingfamilyneedsmoreskills.

0.Traditionalcraftsdeservepassingon.

四、

TheBeijingYouthDailyonThursdaycalledattentiontothestrugglesoftraditionaloperasin

China.

ThenewspapersaidthenumberofuniquetraditionalChineseoperastyleshaddecreased

to286from368in1959,withthreedisappearingeverytwoyearsonaverage.Altogether;74

operastyleshadonlyonetroupeleft,andmostwereattheriskoffadingaway.

XieBoliang,aprofessorattheNationalAcademyofChineseTheatreArts,said,“Itiswell

knownthatpeopleshouldbeheldaccountableforsoilerosion,butwhydowefeelateasewhen

traditionaloperasfadeaway?"

Overwhelmedbymoderncultureandentertainmentsuchasmovies,TVprogramsandpop

music,traditionalChineseoperashavebeenseverelymarginalized.Despitebeingincludedonthe

state-levelIntangibleCulturalHeritagelist,someoperasstillhavenoplacetoperform.

Becauseofthemarketslump（衰退）andlowsalaries,moretraditionalChineseopera

practitionersarefindingotherwork,asaremanydirectorsandplaywrights.SunJiazheng,

chairmanoftheChinaFederationofLiteraryandArtCircles,saidtraditionaloperasareimportant

carriersofChineseculture,andshouldbepreserved.

TheStateCouncilissuedacircularinJulycallingforthepromotionandprotectionof

traditionalChineseoperas,sayingthatitwouldallocatefinancialsupportandextendpreferential

policiestooperatroupesandschools.

l.Whatdoestheunderlinedword〃marginalized“inparagraph4mean?

A.Ignored.B.Promoted.C.Prevented.□.Emphasized.

2.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?

A.Tocriticizelowsalariesforthepractitioners.

B.Toshowthecomparisonofdifferentcultures.

C.TotellpeopletraditionalChineseoperasarefacingdanger.

D.TocallforpeopletodonatetotraditionalChineseoperas.

3.Thepassagemightcomefrom.

A.asciencefictionB.anewswebsite

C.abrochureaboutoperasD.theintroductionofanartgallery

五、

WHAT'SON

STAGE

Russiandances:Thefamousz/LittleWhiteBirth^DanceTroupewilltravelfromRussiato

PresentperformancesinBeijing.

Thetroupe,foundedin1948,isfamousfortheircombinationofRussianfolkdancesand

classicaldancingart.

IthasbeeninvitedbytheBeijingForeignCultureExchangeCotogivefourperformancesin

Beijing.

Ticketsareavailable（可得至（J的）throughtickethotlinesandwebsitesuchaswww.paio.

,www.chinaticket.comandwww.ticket.elong.com

Time:7:30pm,January18—21

Place:BeizhanTheatre,135,XiwaiDajie,XichengDistrict

Tel:6606-4258

EXHIBITIONS

Kiteshow:Alltogether81kitescollectedbytheChinaNationalArtMuseumisonshowin

theYanhuangArtMuseum.

KongXiangze,anexpertonChinesekites,publishedabookonkites,explainingtheorigins

oftheKite—makingprocess.TheexhibitedkitesaremadeinatraditionalChinesestyle.

Time:9am—5pmuntilFebruary11

Place:9HuizhongLu

Tel:6491-2902

CONCERTS

Folkmusic:AconcertofclassicsofChinesefolkmusicwillgreetaudiencesonthefirstday

oftheYearofSnakeattheBeijingConcertHall.

TheChinaSongandDanceEnsemblewillperformdozensoftraditionalinstrumentalpieces,

suchas"FullofJoy/"ColourfulCloudChasingtheMoon,"and"SpringFestivalSuite/

Time:7:30pm,January24

Place:1,Beixinhuajie,XichengDistrict

Tel:6559-8285

EVENTS

Flowerfestival:TheBeijingBotanicalGardenisbringingpeopleabloomingfestivalwiththe

beautifulflowersinitstropical（热带）plantsgreenhouse.

Thegardenhasintroducednearly80kindsofflowersfromabroadfortheexhibition.

Thereisalsoanexhibitionofpottednarcissus（水仙）landscapes（M,景）.Morethan300mini

landscapesinvolvingimportednarcissuswillbedisplayed.Peoplecangetapreviewoftheshow

byvisitingwww.beijingbd.com,thegarden'swebsite.

Time:8:30am-5pmuntilJanuary28

Place:WofosiLuneartheFragantHills

Tel:8259-5547

l.SupposeyouaretoofarawayfromBeijingoryoucan'tsparetimetogothereinperson,which

ofthefollowingshowcanyouenjoyallthesame?

A.RussiandancesB.KiteshowC.FolkmusicD.FIowerfestival

2.Thephrase“getapreviewof“usedinthepassagemeans.

A.watchinadvanceB.seeclearly

C.getgoodpositionofD.getageneralideaof

3.Ifyouandyourclassmateshaveafreeeveningtospendonthe19thofJanuary,whichisa

usefulnumbertocall?

A.6606-4258B.6491-2902C.6559-8285D.8259-5547

八、

BaiYe,directoroftheChinaContemporaryLiteratureStudyAssociation,hadadialoguewitha

famousCanadiancriticataneventinBeijingonculturaltranslationandstudies.Astheydiscussed

Canadianliterature,Baigaveexamplesofseveralauthorsthatheliked.TheCanadiancritic,on

theotherhand,couldnotthinkofanyChinesewriterwhoseworksshehadread.

"Shetoldmetowaitandshewouldthinkofonethatshereallyloved.Shedidn'tthinkofthe

nameuntilwedinedtogetherlater.ItwasLiBai/'hesays.ThatalmosthitBailikeablow,because

thepoetLilivedintheTangDynasty（618-907）."IstudyonlyChineseliterature,butIreadalotof

foreignliteraryworks.Obviously,foreignreadersknownothingaboutChineseliterature.AndI

thinkit'stimeforustochangethatsituation,"Baisays.

ThemajorpurposeoftheeventhostedatBeijingLanguageandCultureUniversitywasto

discusshowtotranslateandintroduceexcellentcontemporaryChineseliteraryworkstooverseas

readers.

InChina,morethan7,000writershaveregistered（登记）withtheChinaWritersAssociation,

creatingmorethan3,000novelseachyear.Butonlysome200-plusChinesewritershavebeen

introducedoverseas.

MaiJia,authorof"Decoded"and"IntheDark",istheonlycontemporaryChinesewriter

whoseworkshavebeentranslatedinto27languages,saysXuBaofeng,anotherparticipantatthe

event.XusaysthereshouldhavebeenmoreChinesewriterswhoseworkscouldbereadby

overseasreaders,sincetheycreatereallygreatworks.

BaisaysforeignreadersnowtendtoreadstoriesaboutmodemurbanlifeinChinaratherthan

talessetinruralareasinoldtimes,suchasMoYan'snRedSorghum".Wepromoteoverseaswhat

wethinkareexcellentworks,butmanyforeignreaderswanttoreadthehistoricalprogressinthe

last40yearssincethereformandopening-upstarted...However,wedon'thavesuchnovels.SoI

thinkweshouldfirstcreatesomeexcellentworksontopicssuchasmigrantworkers,"saysBai.

LuMin,vice-chairmanofthewritersassociationinJiangsuprovince,dismissessuchwritings.

"Canliteraturebecustom-made（定做的）likeotherproducts?"sheasked."Foreignreaderswant

tolearnaboutChinesesocietythroughliterature,whichshouldbethefunctionofthemedia,"

shesays.

l.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentencemean?

A.ThatmadeBaifeelunabletohelp.B.ThatmadeBaifeelshocked.

C.ThatmadeBaifeelmuchadmiration.D.ThatmadeBaifeelannoyed.

2.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.XuBaofengtranslated"Decoded"foroverseasreaders.

B.MoYan's"RedSorghum"hasalottodowithmodernlife.

C.Contemporaryworksonmigrantworkersmayarousetheinterestofoverseasreaders.

D.MostcontemporaryChinesewriters'workshaveenjoyedgreatpopularityamongoverseas

readers.

3.WhichcouldbeLuMin'sopiniononliterature?

A.Itisthemedia'sdutytospreadit.

B.lttellsmoreaboutasocietythanthemedia.

C.ltneedstoincludetopicssuchasmigrantworkers.

D.ltshouldn'tbecreatedbasedonforeignreaders*favor.

4.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

A.Whattopicsbeingpopularamongforeignreaders.

B.Foreignreaders'impressionofChineseliterature.

C.PromotingcontemporaryliteraturestudiesinChina.

□.IntroducingexcellentcontemporaryChineseliteratureoverseas.

答案以及解析

一、答案:l.C;2.C;3.D;4.A;5.B

解析：1.一、二两段主要论述了孔子思想影响之广。

2.第三段中的Healwayssaidofhimselfthathewasa"transmitter,notamaker".以及第四段中

的Confuciuslaidnoclaimtobeingmorethanaman,可知孔子谦虚态度。

3.第五段的段意,孔子强调人的美德。

4.第七段Heperformedhistasksowellthataneighboringgovernorbecamejealousandplotted

hisover-throw中可知孔子政绩优异。

5.通读全文可知作者以赞赏的口吻介绍了孔子。

二、答案：l.D;2.B;3.C;4.A

解析：1.细节理解题。根据题干中的关键信息thefirstparagraph可定位至文章第一段第三句

Thefestivalcamefromworship（崇拜）offirebyancestors（祖先）.由此可知，火把节源于祖先对

于火的崇拜。故正确答案为D。

2.猜测词义题。根据文章第一段最后一句Forsomeethnicgroups,itzsatraditioninthefestival

forelderstosharefarmingexperiencewithyoungpeopleandeducatethemabouttakingcareof

crops,可知，对于一些少数民族来说,年长者与年轻人分享种植经验并教育他们如何照料庄稼

是节日的传统。这里的them指代前半句中的youngpeople,因此B项符合文意。故正确答

案为Bo

3.主旨大意题。A项，"为什么人们喜欢这个节日",B项，"在哪里庆祝节日"工项，"如何庆祝节日”,D

项，"这个节日用的是什么火把"。根据文章第二段倒数第一、二句Insidethevillages,young

peoplearesinginganddancingaroundthebigtorchesthatkeepburningthroughoutthenight.

Otheractivitieslikehorseracesarealsoheldduringthefestival可知第二段主要讲的是人们在

火把节如何庆祝。故C项正确。故正确答案为C。

4.细节理解题。根据题干中的关键信息Lisupeople可定位至文章最后一段中第一句Forthe

LisupeopleinSichuan,thefestivalisanoccasionforholdingtorchparades.由止匕可知，拿着火炬

游行是四川像傣族人火把节的庆祝方式。故正确答案为A。

三、答案：l.C;2.C;3.A;4.D

四、答案：l.A;2.C;3.B

解析：1.词义猜测题，根据第四段Overwhelmed