《商务英语》教学课件-Module11

Module

11LOGO11.1

Ethical

economics1Reading:

Coffeenomics23Vocabulary:

Financial

andtrade

termsSpeaking:

The

economics

ofyour

country456Grammar:

ArticlesListening:

FairtradeSpeaking:

Giving

reasonsand

benefitsLOGOLearning

targetsv1.vocabularyv2.topicofethicaleconomicsv3.Readingability:cohesionandcoherencev4.Listening:focusonkeypiont,makeoutconceratemeaningv4.Useofarticles冠词LOGOv

economics

n.(用作单)经济学，经济情况，经济因素，经济意义

economy

economic经济的economical节省的,经济的v

visualaids视觉教具，视觉设备

helpv

deluxeadj.高级的，豪华的，奢华的

luxuriousv

cappuccino

n.卡布其诺咖啡(加牛奶或奶油用蒸汽加热煮出的浓咖啡)v

caffein(e)

n.咖啡因，咖啡碱

café咖啡厅v

addiction

n.嗜好，人迷，瘾

beaddictedtov

Iamaddictedtocigarettesmoking.v

disparity

n.悬殊，差异

bigdifferencev

charities

n.慈善团体，慈善事业，善举charitygroupsv

coffeeshopchains连锁咖啡店，连锁咖啡屋Starbucksv

grossdomesticproduct(GDP)国内生产总值v

Grossnationalproduct(GNP)国民生产总值LOGOv

staplecrop主要作物maincropv

mark-up涨价，标高售价theraiseofpricev

servicecharge服务费v

outgoings

n.(复)支出，开销expenditurev

precinct

n.区域，管辖区，分区zone,area,districtv

staffingcost雇用员工的开支，劳工成本laborcostv

overheads

n.企业一般管理费用，日常开支dailyexpenses:electricity,water,gasv

factor

vt.把……作为因素计入(in)，把·一作为因素排除(out)

factorinthelaborcostv

takesth.intoaccountv

break-even收支平衡，盈亏平衡，不赔不赚，略有微利vLOaGdOdedcost附加成本virrespective

adj.不考虑的，不问的，不顾的vregardlessof

irrespectiveofvmarketrates市场价格

marketpricesvmiddleman

n.中间商

agentvmarketinginitiative营销倡议

suggestionsvcertified

adj.认证的

engineervinternationalcertificationmark国际认证标志vcatalyst

n.催化剂，刺激(促进)因素vagriculturalcommodity农业商品vminimumguaranteedprice

n.最低保证价vsocialconscience社会道德心，社会责任感LOGO1.

Thetwo

photos

below

show

thebeginning

andtheend

of

theprocess

of

making

coffee.

Work

in

pairs.

How

many

stages

can

youthinkofinbetweentocompletetheprocess?-coffeegrown-coffeesoldandshipped-coffeesoldontoshops-coffeeboughtanddrunk-coffeepicked-coffeetransported-coffeepackedTry

tomake

upaninverview

betweenthechairmanof

FairtradeandajournalistofBBC.Thejournalistshouldask:Whydothecoffeegrowersonlyget10pencefromthesellingofa3-poundcoffee?HowdoesFairtradeorganizationhelpthecoffeegrowers?2.

Write

in

thecorrect

letter,

A-F,

for

themissing

sentences

tocompletethetext.

Thereisoneextrasentence.Coffeenomics:

thetruecostofourcaffeineaddictionThenexttimeyouhand

over

£3

for

your

deluxe

cappuccino,

askyourselfhow

muchtheroastedbeans

that

wentintothat

cupreallycost.Foryouraveragecupof

coffee,

theproducerreceives

roughly

10p

–

that’s

about

3.5%.Thisdisparity

iscausing

increasing

concernamongsome

charities

whobelievethattheexcessiveprofitsofcoffeeshopchainscomeattheexpenseofvulnerablecoffee

producersincountries

likeEthiopia,

Kenya

or

Latin

America.(1)____B_______.For

example,inEthiopiaalone,

15millionpeople

dependon

thecoffee

trade,which

constitutes

around

50%

of

thecountry’s

grossdomestic

product

(GDP)

and

90%

of

itsexports.

Theaveragewage

paidtolaborerswhopick

the

beans

andworkonfarmsisabout50paday.下次你再递过三英镑，要一杯高级卡布其诺咖啡时，不妨问自己一个问题:这一杯咖啡中所用的烘烤咖啡豆究竟值多少钱?就一杯普通大小的咖啡而言，咖啡生产者可以获得大约10便士的利润，即总价的3.5%左右。这一悬殊差异正在引起慈善团体越来越多的关注。他们认为，咖啡连锁店获取的暴利是以牺牲脆弱的咖啡种植户的利益为代价的。这些种植户主要来自埃塞俄比亚、肯尼亚或拉丁美洲等国。在这些国家里，咖啡产品是数百万种植者的主要经济作物。例如，仅埃塞俄比亚一个国家，就有1,500万人口依赖咖啡业为生，占该国国内生产总值的近50%以及出口总值的90%。而付给采摘咖啡豆和在农场干活的工人的工资是每天约50便士。So

wheredotheaddedcostscome

from?

According

to

experts,

by

thetime

it

isconsumedby

us

in

our

homes

orin

a

coffee

shop,

thebeanmay

actually

change

hands

upto150times,eachtime

facinga

mark-up

as

it

is

transported,

roasted,

packagedandsold.

(2)____A_______.Thenanother

10%

in

export

costswith

freight

andinsurancebefore

animportertakesover.

Finally,

itissoldtousinacoffeeshop–andrunningacoffee

shopisnotcheap.For

example,

takeyour

typical

coffee

shopina

shoppingprecinct,

seating75

inside

and

50outside.

The

rentis£20,000ayear.

(3)____F______.那么，附加成本来自何方?根据专家估算，咖啡豆在最终抵达购买者家中或咖啡屋里消费之前，实际上经过了多达150次买卖。在运输、烘烤、包装和销售的过程中，每一次都要面临一次涨价。仅仅这一过程就使其价格增加了50%。另外10%则体现为进口商进口之前的运输、保险等出口成本，最后，在咖啡店里出售给顾客。而经营咖啡店并不便宜，就以大家常去的卖场里的咖啡屋为例，这种店内75座位，店外50座位的咖啡屋，每年租金是65,000英镑，加上服务费每年2万英镑，市政税收再加上25,000英镑。Inother

words,

even

before

adding

staffing

costs

andoverheads,

setting

aside

an

amount

for

redecoration

andmaintenance

on

theproperty,

this

particular

coffee

shopneedstosell

a

minimum

of

50,000

coffees

a

year,

or

200coffees

a

day.

Factor

in

these

additionalcosts

and

we

areprobably

talking

about

a

break-even

total

of

400

coffees

aday.换句话说，即便不算上雇用员工的费用和日常开支，店面的重新装修和维护费也忽略不计，这家咖啡店每年至少需要出售5万份咖啡，每天200份。如果把这些附加成本作为要素计入，那么，要使收支平衡，一天要卖400份咖啡。However,

irrespectiveof

how

muchwe

enduppayingor

thereasons

why,thereality

is

that

growers

themselves

see

only

a

tiny

proportion

of

thatamount.

Organizations

like

Fairtradedotry

to

make

a

difference.(4)____E____.

Forexample,a

farmerselling

a

pound

of

Fairtrade

Arabicacoffee

ispaid$1.26

comparedto

theworld

market

priceof

$1.10

a

pound.TheFairtradepricealsoincludes

5¢which

isinvestedback

intocommunityprojects.

Many

shops

andcoffee

bars

do

now

offer

Fairtrade

coffee

tocustomers

alongsidetheirstandardoffering,

but

not

all

of

thatinflated

pricegoes

tothegrower.

(5)___C______.

Afterthat,

mark-ups

aredeterminedbytheretailers

andmiddlemen.That

said,

at

least

Fairtradeisonesmall

stepthatdoeshelpfarmersaroundtheworldgetabetterpricefortheirproducts.但是，暂且不考虑最后我们支付了多少钱，其中又是什么原因，现实状况是，咖啡种植者从中仅获得了很小一部分利润。为此，公平贸易等组织尽其所能，努力改变这一状况。他们保证付给咖啡种植者的价格高于普通市场价格。例如，农民每出售一镑标有公平贸易标志的小粒咖啡豆，就能得到1.

26美元，而国际上咖啡市场价格是1.

10美元一镑。公平贸易的价格中还包括5分钱用于投资社区工程。如今，许多咖啡店和咖啡屋确实在供应其他普通品种咖啡的同时，也供应公平贸易咖啡，但是上涨的价格并未全都返回给种植户。公平贸易体系中唯一可以控制的是付给种植户生产咖啡豆的价格。而那之后涨价的多少就由零售商和中间商说了算。尽管如此，在帮助全世界的种植户提高产品价格方面，公平贸易组织至少是迈出了小小的一步。3.Thesefourvisualaidsrefertotheeconomicsofthecoffeetrade.Readthearticleaboveandwriteinthemissingfactsandfiguresinthesevisualaids.EXPORTS10%=OTHER10p(pence)Only(1)__________goestothegrower.coffee90%=(7)_____£3LOGOKeyfacts:Ethiopia15(2)____________millionpeopleincoffeetrade(3)___5_0________%ofGDP(4)___5_0________pence=alaborer’spayperday1.3CoffeeShopOutgoings1.25Salaries£115,0001.21.151.1(5)___re_n_t______£65,000(6)_s_e_rv_i_c_e_c_h_a_r_g_e_£20,000Overheads£80,5001.051World

$1.10Fairtrade

(8)1.26$_______LOGOv

公平交易消费理念推广的成功离不开“公平贸易基金会”。它由英国五个关注全球不平等发展的慈善机构联手创建。公平贸易是一个有组织的社会运动，国际公平贸易标签组织(FairtradeLabellingOrganizationsInternational，简称FLO),创立于1997年，是规模最大及承认最广/制订标准及实行认证的公平贸易标签颁发团体。v它提倡一种关于全球劳工、环保及社会政策的公平性标准，其产品从手工艺品到农产品不一而足，这个运动特别关注那些自发展中国家销售到发达国家的外销。在欧美各国，市场上比较流行印有公平贸易标签的产品，以供消费者作为另类选择，以较高的价钱购买合乎道德公义的货品，其中以公平咖啡和巧克力最为著名。LOGOv2002年，FLO发起了一个新的国际公平贸易认证标识(InternationalFairtradeCertificationMark)，v在公平贸易产品认证制度下，农民组织成合作社，集体与收购方签订收购产品价格，避免受大企业无理压价。农民的产品都设最低收购价保证(FairTrademinimalprice)，确保他们收回成本和持续生产。LOGOVocabulary:

Financial

and

trade

termsMatchthesedefinitionstothewordsinboldinthearticle.disparity

charities

grossdomesticproduct

changehands

mark-upfreightoverheadsfactorinbreak-eventotalmiddlemenmiddlemen1.Peoplewhohandlegoodsbetweentheproducerandtheretailer.

__________disparity2.

A

largedifference(inprice,forexample).__________3.Beboughtandsold._c_h_an_g_e__h_a_n_d_s__4.Costofheating,lightingandelectricity.

__ov_e_r_h_e_a_d_s__5.

Take

itemsintoaccounttocalculatecosts._f_a_c_t_o_r_i_n__break-eventotal6.

Theamountneededtopaycostsbeforeprofit.________________mark-up7.

Theamountaddedtotheproductwhenitissold._________8.Goodswhicharetransportedbyships,planes,lorries,etc._f_r_e_i

g_h_t___9.

Thetotalvalueofgoodsandservicesproducedbyacountryinoneyear._g_r_o_s_s_d_o_m__e_st_i_c_p_r_o_d_u_c_t__10.Organizationswhichhelpandrepresenttheinterestsofagroupofpeopleinneed,__c

h_a_r_i_t_ie_s__Speaking:

The

economics

of

your

countryWork

insmallgroupsanddiscussthefollowingquestionsabouteachofyourcountries.Ifyoudon’tknowalltheanswerstothequestions,trytofindoutforthenextlessonandprepareashortpresentation.1)Istherealargedisparitybetweenrichandpoorinyourcountry?你所在国家中，贫富差异悬殊吗?*

Thetop20%

of

thepopulation

consumes

50%

of

overallnationalincome,whilethebottom20%havetomakedowithamere4.7%.*

Incomeinequalityhasworsenedrapidly.2)你认为贫富国家的差异可以调控吗?应该调控吗?*

Ifthesetrendscontinuetherecouldbeserioussocialunrest.*

Rich

countriescansupport

poor

countriesinfinance,

technology,

education,culture,healthcaredonationorlow-interestloan.*

International

organizations

formulatefavorable

policiesinsupport

of

poorcountries.*

International

agencies

canstrengthennational

efforts

to

achieve

greaterequity.3)你所在的国家中，大型慈善机构有哪些?它们对政府和企业的影响大吗?*

Amongbiggest

charitiesin

China

are

ChinaCharityFederation,RedCrossSocietyof

China,

ChineseRed

CrossFoundation,

China

FoundationforPoverty

Alleviation,ProjectHope,tomentionafew.*Influenceandassistgovernment’sdecisions*Helpgovernmenteffectivelyintimesofnaturaldisasters.4)对你所在国家GDP影响最大的产品和服务有哪些?*

Importantproducts

andservicesfor

China’s

GDP

includecoal,

power,steel,house-holdappliances,financing,cateringandtourism.*

IT

products

andservices,electromechanicalproducts,financingandtourismarepillarindustriesfornationaleconomyinChina.Grammar:

ArticlesWriteinthemissingarticlesthe,a,anor0(thezeroarticle)inthistextaboutFairtrade.(1)____/_____Fairtradeis

(2)___an_____

international

certificationmark

used

in

21countries

as

(3)___a_____marketing

initiative

tohelpdevelopingnations.Britain

has

(4)__the_____largest

Fairtrademarket

in

(5)__the____world,which

has

seen(6)__an___amazingincreaseover

thelastfive

years.

Theorganizationisalsostrongin(7)___the___Netherlands,

where

Fairtrade

first

started,

and

inSwitzerlandandScandinavia.Originallystartedin1989as(8)__a___schemetohelppoor

producers,

(9)__the____Fairtrade

Foundationwasestablishedthreeyearslater.

Nowthereareover(10)___/__550certifiedproducers

representingover

one

million

farmersin

52countries.语法小结要点解释：定冠词the用于1）某些国名，2）形容词最高级，3）独一无二的事物，4）之前已提到过的人或者事物eg.The

United

States

isamongthosecountriesinterested.Chinaisthe

biggest

producerofthesegoods.Who’sthe

supplier

inyourcountry?The

leaders

willholdtalksontrade.不定冠词a,an用于1）工作，2）单数名词，3）一些数字。eg.I’ma

finance

director.Thisisan

international

certification

mark.Ionlyhavea

hundred

left.以下场合不用冠词（0冠词）：1）城市、乡镇及大多数国名，2）复数名词eg.Madrid

ismyfavoritedestination.WhendoyouflytoChina?Leaders

oftheG8countriesaremeetingin

Toronto

thisweekend.Listening:

Fairtrade1.你能在自己国家买到这些有“公平贸易”标志的产品吗?如果这些产品价格比较高你还会买吗?为什么?LLOGOAsto

cosmetics,

the

mostfamous

is

the

Body

Shop,pioneersoffairtradefor20yearsnow.They

aren’tcheap,

but

they’re

ethicallyrightandusuallyofextremelyhighquality.Ethicalbuying/shoppingcanmeanbuyingproductsfromcompaniesorstoreswhocareabouttheethicsofwhattheyproduce;andboycottingtheoneswhodon’t..合乎道德地购物意味着向重视生产道德规范的公司或商场购买商品;抵制不重视生产道德规范的公司或商场。Shop/buywithaclearconscience买得安心(问心无愧)Spendethically合法消费，符合道德的消费Ethicalandsustainablegoods环保并符合道德的商品Importantto

supportlocal

workers

or

farmers

andtheirrightsLOGO2.ListentoaninterviewwithIanBretman,thedeputydirectoroftheFairtradeFoundation.Choosethebestending

A,BorCforeachsentence1-8.1)TheFairtradeFoundationbeganinA.1989.B.1990.C.19922)WhentheUnitedStateswithdrewfromtheinternationalcoffeeagreement,thepriceofcoffeedecreasedbyA.50%B.0.5%C.twentymillion.3)OnewayFairtradehelpsfarmersisbygivingadviceonhowtoA.diversifybygrowingothercrops.B.producemorecoffee.C.beprofitableinaglobalmarket.4)OneofFairtrade’smainmessagestogovernmentsisthatA.tradecanbemanagedmoreeffectively.B.economicgrowthisthebeststrategy.C.theymustinvestmoreinproducers.LOGO5.IanbelievesthatFairtradeandfreetradeA.cannotbothexist.

B.canoperatetogether.

C.arebasicallythesamething.6.Eventhoughacountrymayincreaseitswealththroughbusiness,thisdoesnotguaranteeA.itcancompeteinternationally.B.everyonereceivesthebenefits.C.socialjustice.7.Ifproducersaresuccessful,theywillalsoA.investintheeconomy.B.becomethepeoplewhobuyproducts.C.beabletosupplymorecoffee.8.

Aswellasimprovingitspublicimage,aFairtradecompanywillA.sellmore.B.attractmoretalentedstaff.C.attractwell-informedconsumers.LOGOListening

scriptI=InterviewerIB=IanBretmanI:So,

Ian.

I

understand

that

theoriginal

idea

for

Fairtrade

came

in1989.

Howdidithappen?IB:

Actually,

theFairtradeFoundationitselfwasfinallyset

upin1992,

butyes,you’re

right,thecatalystfor

thespreadof

Fairtrade

wasthree

yearsearlierwhen

theinternational

coffee

agreement

that

controlled

pricescollapsedwiththewithdrawaloftheUS.

Atthattimecoffeewastheworld’sbiggestagriculturalcommodity.

Ina

few

months

theprice

fell

by

half.Itwasa

hugedisasterfor

thetwentymillionpeoplegrowingandprocessingcoffeearoundtheworld.Manyoftheproducingcountriesweredependentoncoffeeforoverhalftheirexports.I:Canyougiveussomeexamplesofhowyouhelp,exactly?IB:Onewayisthatweencourageproducers

to

learnhow

to

competeeffectively

ininternationalmarkets.We

helpfarmerscoming

into

thesystemtodevelop

thecapacityto

copewith

fulfillingdemand

andweset

a

minimumguaranteedpricefortheirproducts.LOGOI:I

see.

But

as

wellas

helpingfarmersdirectly,

youalsohave

influenceongovernments,don’t

you?

I

mean,

governments

are

talking

moreandmoreaboutfairerglobaltrade…IB:

Yes,

we’refindingthattheissueswe’vebeentalkingabout

for

thepast

tenyearsaremovinguptheagenda.Forexample,we’rehavingmoreofadebateon

howwecanachieveeconomicgrowthandsocialjustice,

as

bothareneeded.

As

a

result,leaders

of

larger

Fairtradeorganizations

have

beeninvitedtohigh-levelinternationalmeetingsandeconomicforums.We

canuseourexperiencetoillustratetogovernmentshowtradecanbebettermanaged.I:Buthowdoyouconvincepeoplewhosayeconomicgrowthistheanswertoeverything?Don’tthesepeoplearguethatFairtradeisn’tgoodforfreetrade?IB:Well,IworkedinbusinessforalongtimeandsoIunderstandtheneedfora

free

market,but

itseemsunlikelyto

methat

whenitcomesto

socialproblems,likeglobal

poverty,

theanswer

isjustaneconomicone,

becausesocialchoices

have

tobe

made,

too.

Our

point

isreallyabout

priorities.Increasing

flowsof

trade

willhelpwealthbut

that

does

not

necessarilyguaranteethatthis

wealthgoes

downtothepeoplewhoneeditmost.

Thatrequiresalittlebitmoremanagement.FairtradehaspracticalexperienceonLOGOthegroundinhowyoucancombinethebest

of

both.Howyoucanget

peopletooperate

effectively

andcompetitivelywhile

trading

in

a

waythat

producerscanearna

decentlivingandimprovetheirlives.Inthelongrun,

ifthey

doimprovetheirlives,theytoowillbecomeconsumersandpurchasers.I:Soisthisthemessageyougivebusinessesto

makethem

change

toFairtradeproducts?IB:It’s

intheinterestof

any

businessto

takethemessageon

board,

not

onlyto

improvetheir

publicimagebutalsoas

a

recruitingtool

for

thefuture.

Theyyounger

generationiswellinformedand

wantstobe

part

of

thesolution.Companiesfindthat

havinga

socialconscience

has

a

positive

effect

onrecruitingandretaininggood

staff.

Staff

get

excitedabout

persuadingconsumerstobuyproductsthatmakeadifferencetopeople’slives.I:Itsoundslikethat’swhatmotivatesyou,too.IB:Formypart

–

yes-meetingtheproducers

and

seeingwhat

a

differenceFairtradecanmaketotheirlivesisreallyquiteinspiring.LOGOSpeaking:

Giving

reasons

and

benefits你们镇上的咖啡店正在考虑出售有“公平贸易”标志的咖啡。但又担心它价钱会比较高。设想你和搭档均为公平贸易基金会的员工。你们准备试着说服这家咖啡店使用你们的生产商生产的咖啡。讨论并做以下准备工作:.列出咖啡店需要加售产品的理由。.列出会给该咖啡店、员工和顾客带来的好处。准备好后，将自己的想法说给班上其他同学听。.*Alistofreasonswhythecoffeeshopshouldchange.--protectpoorfarmersandtheirrights--anindicationofcaringabouttheethicsofwhattheysell--positiveimageof

beingfriendly

toenvironment

andcoffeegrowers--consumerslikelytopaymoreforethically-tradedcoffee*Alistofbenefitsforthecoffeeshop,itsstaffanditscustomers.--feelgoodandcomfortablebecauseit’s

ethicallyright.--giveoneasenseofdoingsomethingforpoorfarmers.--buywithaclearconscience--Fairtradecoffee

usually

enjoys

highquality

which

wouldbenefitthecustomer.11.2

Discussing

trendsSpeakingWritingA

proposalAlternativeenergysourcesReadingGoodgreedSpeakingDiscussingtrendsListeningVocabularyDescribingtrendsReasonsfortrendsLOGOvalternativeenergysources可替代能源vwindpower风力，风能vpubliclytradedcompanylistingscompanyvsolarpower太阳能

sunenergyvsolarpanel太阳能电池板vBiofuel生物燃料vresidue

n.残留物，残渣

remainderofplantvpetrolfuels石油燃料

fossilfuels化石燃料vreserves

n.储量

reservev.预定bookvwavepower:波力，波能vpros

n.赞成票，赞成者

prosandconsvcons

n.反对票，反对者LOGOv

carbonemission二氧化碳排放emitv

big-name

adj.有名的

famous,well-knownv

e-businessstock电子商务股

stocksandsharesv

earnings

n.(股票)收益

ratio率

dividend分红v

peak

vi.&n.达到顶峰，顶峰

risetothepeakv

crash

vi.&n.(股市等)暴跌，崩盘;(银行)倒闭collapsev

ascend

vi.上升，上涨

goup,increase,risev

ascent

n.上升，上涨v

descend

vi.下跌，下降，衰退godownfalldropv

descent

n.下跌，下降，衰退v

fluctuate

vi.波动

remainstable保持稳定v

well-founded

adj.有充分事实根据的;理由充足的;有根有据的

governmentsubsidies政府补贴

grantLOGOv

taxcredit抵税金额

30%taxcreditv

residentialenergy住宅建筑所需能源v

eco-investmentcraze生态投资热

crazyv

levelout持平

leveloff

remainstablev

revival

n.复苏

recoveryv

solarcell太阳能电池v

kilowatt-hour千瓦小时;度v

residentialelectricity住宅用电v

runaway

adj.失去控制的，失控的

outofcontrolv

procedure

n.程序，传统的做法v

medicalcare医疗

medicarev

healthcare保健v

windfarm风力发电场

windturbinev

SungreenPower绿色硅谷能源公司LOGOSpeaking:

Alternative

energy

sources1.随着一些能源种类枯竭用尽，各国都在想方设法生产能源，以备未来之需。这需要资金投入。你会选择投资以下哪个项目?给出理由。LOGOW

i

n

d

p

o

w

e

r

h

a

s

a

l

r

e

a

d

y

b

e

e

nimplemented

in

many

countries

thoughsome

peoplesay

it

can

never

provideenough

energy

on

its

own.

Theinitial

costisalsoveryhigh.

WindturbinesSolarpowerisbeingwidelyusedeitheron

people’s

ownhouses

or

in

the

formofhugeareasoflandwithsolarpanels.The

cost

of

technology

is

falling

forthis

energy

soitlooks

likea

goodinvestment.Bio

fuels

which

makeuseofresidue

from

plants

are

alreadyused

in

somecars.

Theylook

setto

provide

one

solution

to

thelackofpetrolfuels.Coal

is

criticized

for

thepollutionit

creates

and

many

countries

arelooking

at

alternatives

whichsuggests

itisn’ta

good

investment.However,

in

someparts

of

theworld

suchasChina

there

arehugecoal

reserves

which

areonly

nowbeing

mined

and

used

in

powerstation.

In

this

case

coal

maystillbe

a

good

investment

but

be

badfortheenvironment.Wavepowerhas

many

of

thesame

pros

and

cons

aswindpower.Nuclearpowerhas

attracted

badpublicity

in

the

pastbut

morerecently

manygovernments

havereturned

to

the

idea

of

buildingnuclear

power

stations

in

the

nextcentury

in

order

to

solvethepotential

shortage

of

energy.Private

investmentmayyetprovidegoodreturns.Reading:

Good

greed

无罪的贪婪1.

Now

read

thearticle

on

the

nextpage

aboutinvestinginsolar

power.ChoosethebestwordA,B,CorDtofillinthegaps1-15.50¢Cost

of

solar

energy

perkilowatt-hour40¢30¢20¢Average

price

in

cents

per

kwhfor

residential

electricity10¢0¢’90’93’96’99’0203LOGO“Good

Greed”Do

youwanttoknow

how

to(1)__make___money

and

do

yourbitfor

theenvironment?

Investing(2)__in___something

that

willsavetheplanet

isbecomingeasierastheprivate(3)_sector____

beginsto

step

in

with

powerful,profitable-drivenfor

hugeworld

problems.

Take

energy,

for

example.Moreandmore

investorsarenowlookingtoriskhuge(4)_amounts__inalternativeenergiessafeintheknowledgethattheworldisnotsafefromcarbonemissions.Solar

power

isonesuchcase.

Therearea

dozenor

so(5)_publicly____tradedcompanies

thatmanufacturesolar

materialsor

systems.

Andsome

big-name

billiondollarinvestorshavealreadyrushedto(6)buystocks;oneproducerofhigh-efficiencysolar-powercells,for

example,wasrecentlytrading(7)__on___

thestockmarketatmorethan166timesearnings.

listingscompany=publiclytradedcompanies你想知道如何既赚钱又能为保护环境作贡献吗?将资金投入到能够挽救地球的项目吧。随着私有企业开始参与到既有暴利可图，又能解决重大世界问题的大型工程中来，这一点已变得越来越容易实现。以能源为例，越来越多的投资者正不断寻找机会，将大笔资金投入安全的替代能源，因为众所周知，在二氧化碳排放中，世界毫无安全可言。太阳能就是一个例子。目前有十多个从事公开股票交易的公司在生产太阳能材料或系统。一些腰缠万贯的投资大鳄蜂拥而上，抢购这类股票。其中一个典型例子是，一位制作高效太阳能芯片的厂商最近在股票市场上进行交易，获取了超过166倍的收益。Cautious

investors

can’t

forget

that

a

similar

optimism

was(8)_responsible____forthepeak

ine-businessstocksintheninetiesbeforethecrash.

Inthecaseof

solar

power,

such

(9)__concerns___

arewell-foundedbecause

solar

energy

has

onebigeconomicproblem:itcurrentlycostsroughlytwice(10)__as___muchperkilowatt-houraspowerfromthegrid(电网）.谨慎的投资者则忘不了，20世纪90年代，类似的乐观情绪曾经也使电子商务股票一路飘升，到达顶峰，随后便跌至谷底。就太阳能来说，这种担心更是具有充分的事实根据，因为太阳能存在一个很大的经济问题:它目前的成本差不多是每度电的两倍。(11)

__Nevertheless___,

events

arechangingin

a

waythat

mayencourageallinvestors.First,ofcourse,there

are

rising

petroleum

pricesandnoonereallybelievesthecostofnaturalgaswill(12)__ever___go

down

again.Secondly,

event

as

traditionalenergy

pricesbeginto

soar,

solar

costareexpectedto(13)__continue___their

descent.The

costof

a

solarkilowatt-hourhasdeclined

from47centsin1990toaround21centstoday,

(14)__where____ithasremained

stable.

Thethirdforceisgovernmentsubsidies.IntheUSA,forexample,

Uncle

Sam

now

gives

a

30%

taxcredittobusiness

that

usesolarenergyandthat’sjustthe(15)__start___,withmuchmorestilltocome.然而，事情在不断变化，各种因素正朝着鼓励所有投资者的方向发展。毋庸置疑，首先是石油价格日益上升，谁也不敢相信天然气的成本究竟会不会再次下降。其次，虽然传统能源的价格开始上升，太阳能的成本却有望继续下降。1度太阳能的成本已经从1990年的47美分降至如今的21美分，并在此位置上保持稳定。最后是政府补贴。以美国为例，如今，只要哪个企业使用太阳能，山姆大叔就提供30%的抵税金额—这只是个开始，接下来的优惠还会源源不断。3.以上图表告诉了你哪些关于太阳能的信息?你认为现在是投资的好时机吗?Thegraph

showsthat

whilesolarpowercosts

twiceasmuch

perkilowatt-hourthan

traditional

energysources

used

on

powergrids

at

present,its

costshavebeen

fallingcontinuouslysince

theearly

nineties.Thelineshowingtheaveragepriceforpowerfromthegridforresidentialenergyisalsoclimbing.Ifthesetrendscontinue,

solarpowermay

become

very

competitive,makingitagoodlong-terminvestment.graphVocabulary:

Describing

trendsInthelasttwo

paragraphs

of

thearticle

thereareeight

words

or

pairsof

wordsin

boldthat

describe

trends.

Complete

this

table

with

thewordsandwriteifthewordisaverb(v),noun(n)oradjective(a).peak

crash

rising

godown

soar

descent

decline

remainstabletoincrease(v)increase(n)peaklevelout(v)todecrease(v)fluctuate(v)remainstable(4)_____________

decrease(n)tofall(v)fluctuation(n)(1)___________To

goup(v)risinglevelofffall(n)crash(2)___________ascend(v)ascent(n)(5)__________godown(6)__________descent(7)__________soar(3)___________decline(8)__________LOGOListening:

Reasons

for

trends1.听五位投资者对不同能源种类提供咨询。在每段话中，他们均描述了一个总体趋势。判断他们描述的是A一F中哪种走势，并写出代表发言者的数字。其中一个走势图不在谈论范围中。A____B__2__C_4___.LOGOD_3___E__1__F__5__2.Listentothefivespeakersagainandwriteinthemissingwords.1)

…

is

probably

a

goodlong-term

investment

__b_e_c_a_u_s_e__

its

growthhasbeenslowbutfairlyconsistent…duetothefactthat2)

It’s

all

a

bitupanddow