高三英语(理)《名词性从句专题复习》

WelcometoourclassGrammarandusage---NounClauses

名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。1.Whenwewillstart

isnotclear.2.Shewon’tbelieve

thathersonhasbecomeathief.3.Myideais

thatweshoulddoitrightnow.4.Ihadnoidea

thatyouwereherfriend.主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句I名词性从句的种类Subjectclausescanbeintroducedbythat,whetherorquestionswords.1).Thathewillsucceediscertain.2).Whathesaidisnottrue.3).Whetherhewillgothereisnotknown.4).Whoevercomesiswelcome.5).Whenthey’llstarttheproject

hasnotbeendecidedyet.

一．主语从句主语从句一般有两种结构：1.主语从句+谓语what与that在引导主语从句时的区别1)______yousaidyesterdayisright.2)_______sheisstillaliveisaconsolation.3)_______hewillsucceediscertain.4)_______Ineedisagoodnight’ssleep.WhatThatThatWhatthat

只起连接作用，无意义，在从句中不充当任何成分,且在宾语从句中有时可省。

what

既起连接作用,又在从句中作主语,宾语,表语

(且在名词性从句中只有what可作表语）

一．主语从句主语从句一般有两种结构：1.主语从句+谓语2.it做形式主语(1)Itis＋名词＋从句Itisafactthat…事实是…Itisanhonorthat…非常荣幸(2)itis＋形容词＋从句Itisnaturalthat…很自然…Itisstrangethat…奇怪的是…(3)itis＋不及物动词＋从句Itseemsthat…似乎…Ithappenedthat…碰巧…(4)it＋过去分词＋从句Itisreportedthat…

Ithasbeenprovedthat…已证实…It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构。例如：

Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.Itdoesn’tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.

二．宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。1.作动词的宾语

(1)由that引导的宾语从句(that通常可以省略),例如：

Iheardthathejoinedthearmy.(2)由what,whether(if)引导的宾语从句，例如：

Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.(3)动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句。例如：

Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.2.作介词的宾语，例如：

Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperate(合作）withoneanother.3.作形容词的宾语，例如：

Iamafraid(that)I’vemadeamistake.Iamsure(that)hewillwinthegame.4.it可以作为形式宾语

it不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。例如：

Wethoughtitgoodnewsthatthefoghadfinallygone.5.否定的转移若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：________________________________我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。Idon’tthinkthedressfitsyouwell连接词that的省略。宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：（1）当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省；（2）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。（3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.

三．表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。另外，常用的还有thereasonisthat…和Itisbecause等结构。例如：Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.That’sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.That’swhyIwaslate.

四．同位语从句1.同位语从句的功能

同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如：

1)Theking’sdecisionthattheprisonerwouldbesetfreesurprisedallthepeople.2)Theorderthatallthesoldiersshouldstaystillisgivenbythegeneral.

同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。2.同位语常跟在以下抽象名词之后

idea；belief；fact；truth；problem；news；decision;hope;order;possibility;suggest;advice等1)Theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.2.同位语在句子中的位置同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如：

1)

HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.

2)

WordcamethatNapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspectthem.辨别下列从句是定语从句还是同位语从句1.Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.2.Wemustfacethefactthatwehadspentallourmoney.3.Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdaywasfalse.4.Ihavenodoubtthathewillcomesoon.

5.Thefactisthatwehavespentallourmoney.同位语从句同位语从句定语从句同位语从句表语从句考点一：名词性从句中that与what的区别考点二：名词性从句中的it作形式主语或形式宾语考点三：名词性从句的语序考点四：名词性从句中的whether,if以及that的区别考点五：疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句及其与nomatter+疑问词引导的从句的区别考点六：名词性从句的虚拟语气名词性从句考点归纳:

考点一:考查名词性从句中that与what的区别考例:_______wecan'tgetseemsbetterthan_______wehave.

A.What;whatB.What;that

C.That;thatD.That;what

that

只起连接作用，无意义，在从句中不充当任何成分,且在宾语从句中有时可省。

what

既起连接作用,又在从句中作主语,宾语,表语

(且在名词性从句中只有what可作表语）考点二:考查名词性从句中的it作形式主语或形式宾语考例1:_______isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.

A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It

考例2:Ihate_______whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.

A.itB.thatC.thisD.them

考点三:考查名词性从句的语序考例:Thephotographswillshowyou_______.

A.whatdoesourvillagelooklike

B.whatourvillagelookslike

C.howdoesourvillagelooklike

D.howourvillagelookslike分析:在名词性从句中,除了关联词要提到句首之外,一律要用陈述句语序。考点四:考查名词性从句中的whether,if以及that的区别考例1:_______we'llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.

A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where

考例2:Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis_______mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.

A.whenB.howC.whetherD.why考例3:Itworriedherabit_______herhairwasturninggray.

A.whileB.thatC.ifD.forwhether与if均为“是否”的意思。但在下列情况下，只用whether不能被用if：主语从句Whetherhewillcomeisunknown.2.表语从句，如：Thequestioniswhetheryoushouldacceptit.3.同位语从句，如：Thequestionwhetherhe’llattendthemeetingisnotdecided.4.从句作介词的宾语，如：I’mnotinterestedinwhetherthey’llgoornot.Itdependsonwhetherwehavegotenoughmoney.5.直接跟不定式连用，如：Shehasn’tdecidedwhethertogoornot.请你归纳a.主语从句

b.表语从句

c.同位语从句

e.介词后的宾语从句

f.直接加动词不定式只能用whether（todo）gwhetherornot

直接连用时不用if只能使用whether

的情况：请你归纳考点五:疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句及其与nomatter+疑问词引导的从句的区别

考例1:Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_______heorshewants.

A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever

考例2:Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof______sharesherinterests.

A.anyoneB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho

Nomatterwhodestroystheforestwillbepunished.（错）解析nomatter…只能引导状语从句，…ever既可引导状语从句又可以引导名词性从句.nomatterwho/what与whoever/what