阅读理解(学生版)

学科教师辅导讲义教师学科英语学生年级小六课程类型专题课授课时间课题阅读理解教学目标1.了解阅读理解常考的三种类型；2.掌握阅读理解的解题方法教学重点/难点阅读中相关词汇句型的分析教学安排环节课程类型复习课程第1课时进门测作业检查阶段知识点梳理第2课时阶段训练第3课时阶段重难点梳理重点题型训练思导总结作业布置第1课时第1课时进门测进门测Once(有一次)anoldmanwenttoseeadoctor.Thedoctorlookedhimovercarefullyandsaid,“Medicinewon’thelpyou.Youmusthaveagoodrest.Gotobedearly,drinkmilk,walkalotandsmokeonecigaraday.Gotothecountryplaceforamouth.”Afteramonththemancametothedoctoragain.“Howareyou?”saidthedoctor,“I’mgladtoseeyouagain.Youlookmuchyounger.”“OH！Doctor,Ifeelquitewellnow.”saidtheman,“Ihadagoodrest.Iwenttobedearly,drankalotofmilkandwalkedalot.Youradvice(建议)certainlyhelpedme,butyoutoldmetosmokeonecigaradayalmostkilled（杀死）mefirst.It’snojoke(玩笑)tostartsmokingatmyage!”()1.Thedoctortoldtheman____.togotobedearly B.todrinkmilk C.towalkalotD.BothA,BandC()2.Whichofthefollowingsentencesistrue?A.Thedoctortoldthemantovisitabeautifulcityofcountryforamonth.B.Thedoctordidn’ttellhimwhattodo.C.Afteramonth,theoldmanfeltbetter.D.Theoldmanwasyoungerthanbeforeafteramonth.()3.Thedoctor’swordswere_____fortheoldman’shealth.A.bad B.good C.well D.strong()4.Thedoctorwantedtheoldman______.A.togetworse B.tosmokelessthanbeforetohelphim D.tostartsmoking()5.Fromwhattheoldmansaidatlast,weknow_____.onecigaradaywasreallyhelpfultohimonecigaradaywasbetterthanbeforetheoldmanwasnotasmokeratallsmokingmadehimfeelbetterthanbefore作业检查作业检查阶段知识点梳理阶段知识点梳理阅读理解阅读理解是英语中词汇、句式、语法的综合运用，是一个比较综合的题目，对所掌握的英语技能的程度要求比较高；既要重视对英语基础知识的掌握，又要养成阅读的好习惯，加强练习。判断型阅读理解判断型阅读理解阅读理解阅读理解选择型阅读理解选择型阅读理解问答型阅读理解问答型阅读理解【知识梳理1】判断题阅读在阅读题目的各种形式中，相对而言，判断题的难度最小，完成判断题的选择题最为有效的方法是用题目中的句子和文章里的原句对照，通过对照进行判断。【巩固练习】ThetrafficruleinEnglandisdifferentfromthatinChina.WhenyouareinEnglandorHongKong,youmustbeverycarefulonthestreetbecausethetrafficdrivesontheleft.Youmustlookattherightfirstandthentheleft.Ifthetrafficlightsarered,thetrafficmuststop.Thenthepeoplecancrosstheroadonfoot.Ifthetrafficlightsaregreen,thetrafficcango.Peoplemustn’tcrossonfoot.WhenyougobybusinEngland,youhavetobecarefultoo.Alwaysremember（记住）thetrafficmovesontheleft.Youmustn’tgothewrongway.InmanyEnglishcities,therearebigbuseswithtwofloors.Youcansitonthesecondfloor.Fromthereyoucanseethecityverywell.It’sveryinteresting.判断下列句子，正确的写“T”，错误的写“F”。()1.EnglandandHongKonghavethesametrafficrule.()2.ThetrafficdrivesontheleftinChina.()3.InEngland,youmustlookattheleftfirstandthentheright.()4.TrafficmovesontheleftinEngland.()5.Thetrafficlightisgreen;peoplemustn'tcrossonfootinEngland.【知识梳理2】选择题阅读阅读理解选择题中考查的较多，常见的如细节题、推测题、判断对错题、主旨大意题等。在解决此类题型时，需要先快速略读文章，然后根据题目中的关键词在文中找出范围，运用排除法、推断法等选出正确答案。【巩固练习】Mrs.Brownwaseighty,butshehadasmallcar.ShealwaysdrovetobuyherfoodonSaturdaysandSundays.Hercarwasold.Shedidnotdrivefast,butshedrovewell,andneverhitanything.Sometimeshergrandsonsaidtoher,“Pleasedon'tdriveyouroldcar,grandmother,wecandriveyoutothetown.”Butshealwayssaid,“No,Ilikedriving.Ibegantodrivefiftyyearsago,andI’mnotgoingtostopnow.”LastSaturdayshestoppedhercaratsometrafficlightswhentheywerered,butitdidnotstartagain!Thelightsbecamegreen,thenyellow,thenred,thengreenagain,butMrsBrown'scarcouldnotstart.“WhatamIgoingtodonow?”shesaid.Butthenapolicemancameandsaidtoherwithasmile,''Goodmorning,Madam.Don’tyoulikeanyofourcolourstoday?”根据上面短文的内容，选出最佳选项。()1.HowdidMrsBrowngotobuyherfood?A.Bybus. B.Bytaxi. C.Bycar. D.Onfoot.()2.Whydidn’tMrsBrowndrivefast?A.BecausehercarwasoldB.Becauseshewasanewdriver.C.Becauseshelikedhercarverymuch.D.Becauseshewasold.()3.Hergrandsonwantedher______.A.towalktotheshops B.tobuyanewcarC.nottodriveanymoreD.nottodrivesofast()4.MrsBrownbegantodrivewhenshewas________. A.50 B.30 C.80 D.75()5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Mrs.Brown'sgrandsonlovedher.B.Thepolicemanwaskind.C.Mrs.Brownlikedthecolorsofthetrafficlights.D.Mrs.Browndrovewell,andneverhitanything.【知识梳理3】问答型阅读理解阅读理解中回答问题的题型中，要注意提问和回答的是什么内容、单词的拼写、时态、人称的转换等。【巩固练习】MynameisSam.I’mtwelveyearsold.I’mhelpful.TodayisFriday.Myparentsaregoingtovisitmygrandparentsthisweekend.I’mgoingtodomyhomeworkthisevening,becauseI’mgoingtodosomehouseworkthisweekend.I’mgoingtocleantheroomsofourhouseonSaturday.I’mgoingtobuysomevegetablesfromthesupermarketonSundaymorning.I’mgoingtocooksupperonSundayafternoon.ThenI’llwaitformyparents.Ithinkitisgoingtobeabusyweekend.阅读短文，回答下面的问题。IsSamhelpful?__________________________________________________________________WhatareSam’sparentsgoingtodothisweekends?_________________________________________________________________WhatisSamgoingtodothisweekend?_________________________________________________________________CanSamcookmeals?_________________________________________________________________第第2课时阶段训练阶段训练完成下面的阅读练习。AThisisastoryaboutaschoolboy,Bill.Onedayhismothertoldhimtopostaletter.Billwalkeddownthestreet.Hedidn’tseealetterboxinthestreet,buthesawabasketwithasignonit.Thesignsaid,PUTLITTERINTHISBASKET.“Icanread”,saidBill,“Buttheydidn’twritethewordright.”Billputtheletterinthebasket.Thenheranhometotellhismotheraboutthebasket.“Oh,child,”saidhismother,“Youputtheletterinalitterbasket.Alitterbasketisforoldpaperandotherthingsthatarenotgood.”“Oh,isthatso?”saidBill.“Yes,itis.ThewordisLITTER,notLETTER.”“Nowgoandgetouttheletterquicklyandpostit.”saidmother.()1.Bill’smotheraskedBillto_______.A.buysomefood B.postaletterC.gotoschool D.visithisgrandfather()2.Billputtheletterina_______.A.basket B.box C.letterbox D.street()3.Billthoughtthewordonitwas_____whenhesawthebasket.A.clear B.right C.wrong D.same()4.Thelitterbasketisusedtoput_______.A.oldpaperandotherthings B.oldthingsthosearegoodC.oldlettersandclothes D.usefulthings()5.Fromthestoryweknow___________.A.Billwascareful B.BillwasgoodathislessonsC.Billdidn’tstudyhard D.Billdidn’tknowtheword“litter”BChange(改变)yourword,changeyourworldThenayoungwomancameuptohim.Shecleanedthewordsontheman’sboardandwroteanewsentence.Guesswhat?Manypeoplegavetheblindmorecoins.Andthecoinsmademuchmorenoise.Hehadnotimetonodhisheadandsaythankyou.Atlast,thewomancameback.Shestoodinfrontofhimwithoutaword.Theblindknewitwasher.Heasked,Whatdidyouwriteonmyboard?Thewomansmiledandsaid,Ididnothing,butjustmadeyourwordsbeautiful.Itsaid,②It’sabeautifulworld.ButIcan’tseeit!()1.Theblindisapersonwhocan’tseeanything.()2.Thewomandrewnicepicturesontheboard.()3.Atfirsttheblinddidn’tnodhisheadwhenpeoplegavehimcoins.()4.Atlast,thewomandidn’tcomeback.()5.Thetwosentencesunderlined（划线句子）meanthesamethings.Buttheyhavedifferentresults.（结果）CMostpeoplehaveambitions(雄心).Anambitionissomethingwewanttodo,wanttobeorwanttohave.Astudent'sambition,forexample,mightbetopasshisorherexamsandthengetagoodjob.Anathlete'sambitioncouldbetowinanimportantcompetition.Abusinessman'sambitionisusuallytomakealotofmoney.Notallambitionsareaboutsuccessatwork.However,somepeoplejustwanttobegoodpeople,haveafamilyorhelpothers.Ben'sambitionistobeasportswriter.Hewritesthesportsreportsforhisclassnewspaper.Helikesmostsports,andswimmingandfootballarehisfavorites.Trudy'sambitionistobeaconcertpianist.SheisveryseriousaboutitandpracticeseverydaywithherbestfriendLily.Itisveryimportanttoher.Harry'sambitionchangeseveryday!Onedayhewantstobeanastronaut．Thenextdayhewantstobeapopsinger.Thenextdayhewantstodrivearacingcar(赛车).Hismotherwouldbehappyifhisambitionwastogetupintimeforschooleveryday!What’sanambition?_______________________________________________________________What’sastudent’sambition?_______________________________________________________________DoesBenwanttobeamusicwriter?_______________________________________________________________Arealltheambitionsaboutsuccessatwork?_______________________________________________________________DoesHarrygetupintimeforschooleveryday?_______________________________________________________________第第3课时阶段重难点梳理阶段重难点梳理【知识梳理4】阅读选择题的解题方法和技巧一．阅读理解一般分为幽默故事类、说明类、科普类等。1.幽默故事类一般前面都在为幽默做铺垫，只有读到最后才能显现出幽默来。这类短文一般难度不大，认真阅读，仔细选择，问题都可以解决，如WriteaLettertoMary,ADirtyBoy,OntheBus等；2.小学的说明,科普类短文都十分浅显,只要具备一点科普常识都会读懂的,如Time,theSpringFestival等,即使文章较长,问题也十分明显，从文中都能找到答案。二．解题时有以下几种方法：（1）略读法：关键是在能抓住文章要点的前提下以个人最快的速度阅读，获得足够的信息以便准确地回答有关文章主旨和大意的问题。要特别注意文章首尾两段，第一段往往点明文章主题或作者意图，而最后一段则常常总结归纳或重述文章的主要内容。要学会寻找文章段落的主题句，因为把每段主题句的意思综合起来实际上就是全文的中心思想，文章的主题句也可能出现在段落中间或结尾。（2）查阅法：考生可以不需要阅读整篇文章，而只需找出可能包含所需信息的部分，然后加以阅读就行。查阅法主要用于获得具体的信息，即谁、什么、什么时间、什么地点、什么原因以及如何发生等有关或者具体的数字。（3）同义互释法：在小学升学考试中有些深层理解或者判断推理的问题可以采用同义互释法。（4）判断推理法：有时4个选项中不止一个可以作为答案项，这时就应该意识到该题是一个判断推理题。要根据文章的主旨和作者的意图，选择比较，去伪存真，选出切合文章主旨和作者意图的最佳答案。三．同学们在做阅读理解时应注意的问题有哪些？1.弄清文章体裁，快速理解文章。对不同体裁的文章，要根据其体裁特点，运用不同的方法快速阅读，正确理解。记叙文一开始交待人物、时间、地点、事件，然后详细叙述原因。议论文中，作者先提论点，再加以分析，或举例论证，得出结论。说明文中，作者先提出说明对象，然后从时间、空间、用途、方法、步骤等不同侧面加以说明。2.仔细研读首尾句，预测文中细节。小学升学考试英语文章往往隐去了标题，这给寻找文章中心带来了困难。然而，英语的写作特点一般是按"总-分-总"这一思路来写的。因此，研读首、尾句，不但可以帮助考生抓住文章的内容，还可以揣测作者的态度、意图，从而进一步猜出作者着重要写的细节。3.略读选答，带问阅读。做英语阅读理解题时，首先应浏览一遍所提问题及选项，然后带着这些问题有目的、有针对性地阅读文章。4.联系生活常识，及早排除错误选项。阅读理解中四个选项，有时有一个或两个与常识或其他学科中所学的知识不相符。我们可先将其排除，阅读时再对剩下的选项进行筛选就容易多了。5.解题前要仔细通读全文，遇到难解的词组和句子不要急躁，尽量根据上下文悟出其义，解题时要"带着问题读查短文"分析判断，整题解完后要认真复查。6.注意不要改变自己的阅读习惯。有的考生先看题目后看文章，有的先看文章再看题目，你平时怎么练，考试就怎么做。临时改变自己的习惯效果往往不好。其次，看清楚题目是概括中心型还是推理判断性。概括某一段的中心时注意这一段的首句和尾句；推理判断题要注意题目问的是作者的态度，不是你的态度。【例题精讲】Bangkokisthecapital（首都）ofThailand（泰国).Therearemanytemples(寺庙）inBangkok.Itishotinfourseasons,sotherearealotoffruits,themostfamous(最有名的）fruitisdurian.Therearemanyriversinthecity,sothe“marketonthewater(水上集市）”isveryfamous.Youcanbuyflowers,vegetables,fruitsandotherthingsontheboats.ThebesttimetovisitThailandisattheendofMarchorthebeginningofApril,becauseitisthebiggestfestivalinThailand-WaterFestival.ItisthebeginningoftheirNewYear.Beforethefestival,peoplecleantheirhousesandcooknicefood.Duringthefestival,peoplesing,danceandthrowwateroneachother.Theythinkthatwatercancleanawaybadthingsandbringgoodluck.Howinterestingitis!()1.BangkokisthecapitalofEngland.()2.ItisverycoldinwinterinThailand.()3.Wecanvisitmanytemplesandthe“marketonthewater”inBangkok.()4.PeopleinThailandlikeWaterFestivalverymuch.()5.WaterFestivalisthebeginningofthenewyearinThailand.重点题型训练重点题型训练A"Beproudofwhatyoudo．"Myfatheroftentellsme."whether（无论是）youareamanageroracleaner．"Attheageof15，Igotmyfirstjob﹣asummerjobinahospital．Myworkistowashdishesandsweepthefloors．IsmiledandrememberedDad'swords．Myjobwasthelowest，butitmademefeelexcited．Isawitasachallenge（挑战）becauseitwasmyfirstjob．Ilearnedtobeontimeandtriedtodoeverythingwell．Peopleinhospitalalllikedme．EverymorningIalwaysthoughtthatthedirtydisheswouldmakepeopleillwithoutmyjobtowashthem.Afterbreakfastwasdone，Istartedsweepingthefloorsofallpatients'（peoplewhoareill）roomsandcleaningrestrooms．Iwasverytired，butIwantedtodothejobwell．Peopleoftensay，"Thatyoungboyreallydoesagoodjob．"Thatgavemeapride（自豪）．Workinginthehospitaltaughtmethatbeingproudofone'sjobisimportant．Itdoesn'tmatterwhetherthejobissweepingfloorsordoingalargebusiness．Ihavesweptfloors，andIhavebeenamanager．Myfather'swordshavealwaysstayedwithmeIthinkDadwouldbeproudofme．Whendidthewriterstarthisfirstjob？Didthewriterfeelexcitedornervousabouthisfirstjob？Didpeopleinhospitallikethewriter？Whatdidthewriterdowhenhewasinthehospital？Whatdidworkinginthehospitalteachthewriter？BAstheheatofthesummeralmostkillsthepeople,peopletherehavefoundtheirplacetocoolthemselvesdown.ThousandsofChineseholidaymakersranintoabigproblemwhentheyfinallyescapedtheheatatawonderfulwaterpark—theyhadnowaytoescapeeachother.Upto10,000peoplewentintothewaterpark—knownasthe'DeadSea'ofChina—duringaspellofhightemperaturesinDayingCounty,inChina’sSichuanprovince.Withsomanypeopleusinginflatables(可充气物)tofloataroundthepool,thereisnohopeofdoinganyswimmingordiving.Butthatdidn’tpreventtheholidaymakersfromhavingalittlefun,astheyplayedwitheachother,tookphotosandenjoyedthesocializing(社交),theydidn’thatebeingcrowded.Itcanholdupto10,000visitorsatonceandmorethanamillionpeoplevisiteverysummer,accordingtoitsowners.Theman-made'sea'wascreatedusingrichsaltresourcesintheregionandhas43differentmineralsandmicroelements(微量元素).Becauseithasmorethan22percentofsalt,swimmersfloatfreelyonthesurface-muchastheydointheDeadSeaintheMiddleEast.Whenthey’renotinthecrowded(拥挤的)pool,visitorscanrelaxataspa,takeaswingonagolfcourseorsitbackandwatchforeigncheerleaderswhoentertainthecrowds.()1.Peoplegotothewaterpark,becauseitisverywonderful.()2.Thewaterparkisanaturalpark()3.Peopleenjoyedthefunthoughitwasverycrowdedinthepark.()4.The“sea”wascreatedusingtheseawaterfromtheotherplaces.()5.SwimmersswaminthewaterparkislikeintheDeadSeaintheMiddleEast.CAlittlemousethoughthewasthetallestandstrongestanimalintheworld.Hismothersaidtohim,“Don’tsaythatinfrontofanelephant.Hedoesn’tlikethat.”Thelittlemousedidn’tlistentohismother.Hewentouttolookfortheelephant,buthedidn’tknowwhotheelephantwas.Heaskedanant(蚂蚁)first,“Areyouanelephant?”“No,I’mnot,”saidtheant.Thenheaskedahare(野兔),“Areyouanelephant?”“No,I’mnot.AnelephantismuchbiggerthanI.”suddenly,hesawfourbigtrees.“Letmeclimbupatree.ThenIcanseewheretheelephantis,”saysthelittlemouse.“Getdown!Getdown!”someoneshoutedtohim.“I’mtheelephant.Goandclimbthattalltreenearby.Thenyoucanseeme.”“Now,Isee.Theelephantisthetallestandstrongestanimalintheworld,”saidthelittlemouse.1.Whatdidthemousethinkofhimself?A.Hewasanoldfriendofalltheelephants.B.Hewasthetallestandstrongestanimalintheworld.C.Heknewnothingaboutelephants.D.Hethoughthecouldn’tfindelephantshimself.2.Themouseinthestory______.A.wantedtoseeantsB.wantedtoseeharesC.wantedtoknowwhattheelephantwaslikeD.wantedtoclimbthetalltree3.Howmanyanimalsdidthemousemeetbeforehesawtheelephant?A.OneB.ThreeC.FourD.Two4.Themousesaw_____atlast.A.fourtalltreesB.anelephantC.ahareD.anant5.WhichisTRUEaccordingto(根据)thestory?A.Whatthemouse’smothersaidatfirstwastrue.B.Thelittlemouselistenedtohismother.C.Themousecouldseetheelephantifhewasontheground.D.Intheend,themousedidn’tseetheelephant.思导总结思导总结1.阅读理解类型，主要分成以下三类：判断型阅读理解判断型阅读理解阅读理解阅读理解选择型阅读理解选择型阅读理解问答型阅读理解问答型阅读理解2.阅读理解的做题方法主要有：略读法；查阅法；同义互释法；判断推理法。需要注意：读第一遍是要快速确定文章题材，理解文章大意；要注意首尾句，一般都是主旨句，有注意加深对文章的理解；针对题目在文中略读；有时需要结合常识来判断；平时练习养成良好的做题习惯，考试时要按照这样来做。作业布置作业布置A.根据短文内容，判断下列句子的正确，用A（正确）和B（错误）表示。MrBakerworkedinasmalltown.TwoweeksagohisfriendshelpedhimtofindworkinNewYork.Soheandhiswifeweregoingtomovetoabuildinginthebigcity.Mr.Bakerwantedtoliveinaroomonthefirstfloorandhecouldgoforawalkbythebeautifulaftersupper.Buthiswifehopedtoliveonthesecondfloor.“Thereisenoughsunlight(阳光),Ithink.Andwecanwatchtheflowersinthegardenbythewindows,’’saidthewoman.Mr.Bakerthoughtshewasrightandagreed(同意)withher.ItwasSaturday.Alltheirfriendscametohelpthem.Theyweretiredbutstillhadaparty,Mrs.Bakergotnicefoodready.Theyateanddrankalot.Thentheysanganddanced.Itlastedalongtime.Suddenlythetelephonerang(响),Mrs.Bakerwent