挑战练02 阅读理解(推理判断题)(原卷版)-2020-2021学年下学期高二英语期末题型挑战练(全国通用)

2020~2021学年下学期高二英语期末题型挑战练(全国通用)02阅读理解(推理判断题)1Whenweexperienceearthquakes,medicalemergencies—whateverthesituation,thefirstthingyouprobablydoispanic.Everybodydoes.Whilemanyofusthinkthatwe’recoolinacrisis,sciencetellsusthatweseldomare.Atthemomentweneedtobekeenlyawareofoursurroundings,butourattentiongoestothescariestthingonthescene,leavingusunawareoftheothersights,sounds,andevensmellsaroundus.Atthemoment,we’reanythingbutatourbest.Thesenormalhumanreactionscanbereversed.Forexample,firefightersaretaughthowtobringdowntheirbloodpressureandheartratesquickly,boxbreathing,bellybreathing,humbreathing—youcanlearnthesetechniquesinminutes.Onceyoucalmdown,you’llidentifyaccuratelywhattheproblemisreallyabout.Lackofpracticealwayscausesustojudgeproblemsinwrongways.Doingthethinkingaheadoftimealsohelpsyoufireoffthesolutionwhenit’sshowtime.Thisiswhyyouareadvisedtofindtheclosestexitbeforetheflight.Andsometimeswearen’tpreparedwithalltheknowledgeweneed.Let’ssaywe’reonahikeandabearshowsup.Whatshallwedo?Bettertoreadsuggestionsonhowtorespondbeforeheadingintothewild.Performinginacrisisisbecomingmoreimportantforallofusfortworeasons.Backinthegoodolddays,thereliabilityofmostanythingweusedordidwasfarlessthanitistoday.Nowthinkaboutwhathappenstoourpreparednessastheprobabilityofsomethinghadhappeningreduces.Unlesswepracticewhathardlyeverhappens,ourabilitytorespondwhenitdoeshappentendstoslipaway.Reliabilitycankillyou.Also,thesystemsweusetodayaremorecomplex.Thereareseldommovingpartsinplainviewthatallowustoseewhenthingsareabouttogowrong.Consequently,terriblesituationscan“comeoutofnowhere”.Ironically,thesystemsthatweredesignedtolessenourworkloadmightrequireustoremaininastateofincreasedvigilance(警觉)inordertosurvivetheseincreasinglyinfrequenteventswhentheydohappen.Astechnologybecomespartofmosteverything,andasonce-largerisksbreakintocountlesssmallones,crisissituationsmaybecomestandardaffairs.Weshouldalllearntobreathe,recognizethesituation,andcarryouttheplanthatwearesmartenoughtopreparewellinadvance.1.Accordingtothepassage,whenanarmedrobbery(抢劫)happens,mostwitnesseswillfirst___________.A.observethesurroundingsB.pretendtobecalmC.decidewhattodoD.focusonthegun2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reversed”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Tested. B.Changed. C.Predicted. D.Understood3.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3that___________.A.thingsarelessdependablethantheyusedtobeB.cautiousnesshelpspreventtheoccurrenceofcrisisC.conveniencereducesourproblem-solvingcapabilityD.thecomplexityofpresentsystemsensuresoursafety4.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Tointroducewaysofavoidingcrisissituations.B.Topointouttheconnectionbetweenstressandrisks.C.Toraiseawarenessofthepreparationforemergencies.D.Toanalysetheinfluenceoftechnologyoncrisismanagement.2Nowadays,itismorecommonforpeopletoexpresstheirthoughtsinane-mailortext.Infact,moreandmorestudentsusetechnologyforwrittencommunicationintheirlives.Evenso,researchshowsthatteachinghandwritingskillshasitsbenefits(好处).However,arethebenefitsworthspendingvaluableclassroomtimeonteachinghandwritingskillswhenstudentscouldbelearningmoreaboutcomputerkeyboarding?Statesacrossthecountryhavegoodreasonstorequirestudentstolearncomputerkeyboardingskills.Forone,studentsarelearningatechnologythatwillhelpthemcommunicatefasterwithmorepeopleandinmanydifferentforms,suchase-mails,websites,blogs,andsoon.Also,thebetterastudent'scomputerkeyboardingskills,thegreaterthechancethatstudenthastobecomeabetterwriter.Computertoolssuchasthegrammarandspellcheckmakecorrectingquickandeasy,althoughnot100%accurate(准确无误的).Withtheseandmanyothertools,studentsgainimportantcomputerskills.Furthermore,studentsnolongerhavetoworryabouttheirwritingbeinggradedpoorlybyteachers.Allinall,computerkeyboardingskillsareastepintherightdirection.Still,theadvantagesofcomputerkeyboardingskillsmaynotbeenoughtoleavehandwritinginstructioninthedust.MarlenaHamilton,professorofneurologyatUniversityofPennsylvania,didanexperimentwithherco-workerstostudywhathappensinstudents'brainswhenwriting.Theyfoundthatmanyoftheareasofthebrainlightup.Thesearethesameareasthatareusedtolearntoread.Theythenwonderedifthesamewouldbetruewhenstudentslookedatlettersonakeyboard.“Whatwefound,”shestates,“isthatbrainsaremuchlessinvolvedwhenwejustviewletters.Whenweactuallyuseourhandstomakethings,thebrainworksmuchharder.”Schoolsacrossthenationarelookingattheevidenceanddecidingwhattodo.WilliamMcIntyre,areadingcoachatSunshineElementarySchoolinAlbany,NewYork,says,“Whatwehavelearnedfromtheresearchisthatlearninghandwritingbenefitsstudentseducationally.Whatwealsoknowisthatstudentsneedtobetaughtkeyboardingskills.”Now,itisuptoeachschooltomakeadecision.5.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlywanttoshow?A.Therolesofcomputertools.B.Theimportanceofcommunicationskills.C.Theadvantagesofkeyboardingskills.D.Thenecessityofdevelopingwritingskills.6.What'stheauthor'sattitudetostudents'learningkeyboardingskills?A.Worried B.Doubtful C.Supportive D.Uncaring7.WhatcantheresultofHamilton'sexperimentprove?A.Handwritingishelpfulforlearning.B.Keyboardingskillsareveryuseful.C.Keyboardingmakesourbrainmoreactive.D.Handwritingismoredifficultthankeyboarding.8.Whatkindofdecisiondoestheauthorrefertointhelastparagraph?A.Whetherschoolsshouldstillteachhandwriting.B.Whetherschoolsshouldoffercomputerclasses.C.Whetherstudentsshouldlearnkeyboardingskills.D.Whetherstudentsshouldusethegrammarandspellcheck.3Today’sstudentshaveaproblem.Theywerebornintoaworldwheretechnology,smartphones,andimmediateaccesstotheInternetarehurtingtheirabilitytofocusandchangingthewaytheythink.Nowteachershaveaproblemtoo.Theyfinditparticularlyexhaustingtoaskstudentstoreadcomplexorlongtextswithouttakingregularbreaks.Smartphoneshaveclearlyaffectedtheyoungergeneration,buthoweducationshouldevolvefordigital-nativestudents?Acommonideaamongteachersisthatshortisgood.Whenstudentscan’tseemtopayattentiontolonglectures,manyteacherssimplybreaklessonsintosmallerpatterns.Infact,studentsneedtimetoengagewithatopiconcetheteacherintroducesitbeforemovingon.Switchingbetweensmalllessonstooquicklycouldrobthemofvaluablecomprehension.Therearealsoteacherswhobeginclasseswithmeditation(深思)exercisestohelptheirstudentsfocus.However,itturnsoutthatanysortof“techbreaks”couldcounteractstrongdesirestomultitask.A2018studyfoundthatstudentsagedbetween10and24tendtostayawayfromphysicalbooks.Theyprefervideoasasourceofinformationsecondonlytoteachers.Therefore,sometech-forwardteacherschooseplatformssuchasYouTubeandInstagram.AshaChoksi,vice-presidentofglobalresearchatPearson,givestheexampleofateacherwhofilmshimselfperformingascienceexperimentandpostsittoYouTube.Whenitistimeforclass,heusesthevideotoillustratematerialinthetextbook,whichcanseemboringtostudents.Still,whilethoseeducatorsareembracingtechnologyintheclassroomtomeetstudent’sneeds,theyalsofindvalueintraditionalmethods,andsosuggesta“blended(混合的)learning”approach.Directinstructionfromthemwillneverbereplacedintheirclasses.Technologywillbefavoredonlywhenitimprovesalessoninwaysthatareimpossibleoffline.Digitalnativeswillcontinuetoeagerlyadoptnewmedia.Teachershavenochoicebuttoevolve.Theyaremakinganeffortnotonlytoensurethatstudentscantakeadvantageofnewtechnologies,buttoteachstudentsvaluableskillsthatcanhelpthemthinkinaworldconstantlytryingtodistractthem.ThinkoftheZuckerbergs,theGates,theJobsandallthosepioneersinthetechworld.Theybecamesuccessfulnotbecausetheycouldcode(编程);itwasbecausetheycouldthink.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“counteract”inparagraph4probablymean?A.Motivate. B.Reduce. C.Compensate. D.Influence.10.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?A.Teachersadoptshortlectures,smalllessons,whichcouldbehardtounderstandsometimes.B.Teachersemploymeditationexercisestohelpstudentsconcentrateonclass,whichisoflittleeffect.C.Studentsagedbetween10and24don’tpreferphysicalbooks,soYouTubeandInstagrammaybeagoodchoice.D.Studentsagedbetween10and24prefervideostoteachers,sousingvideostoexplaintextbooksisapopularway.11.Accordingtothearticle,a“blendedlearning”approachissuggestedmainlybecause________.(1).theconventionalwayofteachingremainsunchallenged(2).technologyisausefulsupplementtotextbooks(3).materialinthetextbookistooboringtomoststudents(4).teacherswanttochangetheirtraditionalteachingmethodsA.(1)(2) B.(2)(3) C.(3)(4) D.(1)(4)12.Accordingtotheauthor,ateacher’stoppriorityis________.A.toshareasmuchknowledgewithstudentsaspossibleB.toencouragestudentstomakefulluseofnewtechnologiesC.tohelpstudentsdeveloptheirabilitytothinkcriticallyandcreativelyD.toinstructstudentstolimittheiruseofsmartphonesandsocialmedia4Technologicalchangeiseverywhereandaffectseveryaspectoflife,mostlyforthebetter.However,socialchangesbroughtaboutbynewtechnologyareoftenmistakenforachangeinattitudes.Anexampleathandistheinvolvementofparentsinthelivesoftheirchildrenwhoareattendingcollege.Surveysonthistopicsuggeststhatparentstodaycontinuetobe“very”or“somewhat”overly-protectiveevenaftertheirchildrenmoveintocollegedormitories.Thesamesurveysalsoindicatethattherateofparentalinvolvementisgreatertodaythanitwasagenerationago.Thisisusuallyinterpretedasasignthattoday’sparentsaretryingtomanagetheirchildren’slivespastthepointwherethisbehaviorisappropriate.However,greaterparentalinvolvementdoesnotnecessarilyindicatethatparentsarefailingtoletgooftheir“adult”children.Inthecontext(背景)ofthisdiscussion,itseemsvaluabletofirstfindoutthecauseofchangeinthecaseofparents’involvementwiththeirgrownchildren.Ifparentsofearliergenerationshadwantedtobeintouchwiththeircollege-agechildrenfrequently,wouldthishavebeenpossible?Probablynot.Ontheotherhand,doesthepossibilityoffrequentcommunicationtodaymeanthattheurgetodosowasn’tpresentagenerationago?Manystudiesshowthatolderparents—today’sgrandparents—wouldhavecalledtheirchildrenmoreoftenifthemeansandcostofdoingsohadnotbeenabarrier.Furthermore,studiesshowthatfinancesarethemostfrequentsubjectofcommunicationbetweenparentsandtheircollegechildren.Thefactthatcollegestudentsarefinanciallydependentontheirparentsisnothingnew;norarerequestsformoremoneytobesentfromhome.Thisphenomenonisneithergoodnorbad;itisafactofcollegelife,todayandinthepast.Thankstotheadvancedtechnology,weliveinanageofbetteredcommunication.Thishasmanyimplicationswellbeyondtherolethatparentsseemtoplayinthelivesoftheirchildrenwhohaveleftforcollege.Butitisusefultobearinmindthatallsuchchangescomefromthetechnologyandnotsomeimagineddesirebyparentstokeeptheirchildrenundertheirwings.13.Thesurveysinformusof________.A.thedevelopmentoftechnologyB.thechangesofadultchildren’sbehaviorC.theparents’over-protectionoftheircollegechildrenD.themeansandexpensesofstudents’communication14.Thewriterbelievesthat________.A.parentstodayaremoreprotectivethanthoseinthepastB.thedisadvantagesofnewtechnologyoutweighitsadvantagesC.technologyexplainsgreaterinvolvementwiththeirchildrenD.parents’changedattitudesleadtocollegechildren’sdelayedindependence15.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TechnologyorAttitude?B.DependenceorIndependence?C.FamilyInfluencesorSocialChanges?D.CollegeManagementorCommunicationAdvancement?5Althoughbeingfamousmightsoundlikeadreamcometrue,today'sstars,feelinglikezooanimals,facepressuresthatfewofuscanimagine.Theyareatthecenterofmuchoftheworld'sattention.Paparazzi(狗仔队)campoutsidetheirhomes,camerasready.Tabloids(小报)publishthrillingstoriesabouttheirpersonallives.Justimaginenotbeingabletodoanythingwithoutbeingphotographedorinterruptedforasignature.AccordingtopsychologistChristinaVillareal,celebrities—famouspeople—worryconstantlyabouttheirpublicappearance.Eventually,theystarttolosetrackofwhotheyreallyare,seeingthemselvesthewaytheirfansimaginethem,notasthepeopletheywerebeforeeveryoneknewtheirnames.“Overtime,”Villarealsays,“theyfeelseparatedandalone.”Thephenomenonoftrackingcelebritieshasbeenaroundforages.Inthe4thcenturyB.C.,paintersfollowedAlexandertheGreatintobattle,hopingtopicturehisvictoriesforhisadmirers.WhenCharlesDickensvisitedAmericainthe19thcentury,hissold-outreadingsattractedthousandsoffans,leadinghimtocomplain(抱怨)abouthislackofprivacy.Tabloidsofthe1920sand1930sranarticlesaboutfilm-starsinmuchthesamewaythatmoderntabloidsandwebsitesdo.Beingapublicfiguretoday,however,isalotmoredifficultthanitusedtobe.Superstarscannotmoveaboutwithoutworryingaboutphotographerswithmoderncameras.Whentheysaysomethingsillyordosomethingridiculous,thereisalwaystheInternettospreadthenewsinminutesandkeeptheir"story"aliveforever.Iffameissotroublesome,whyaren'tallcelebritiesrunningawayfromit?Theansweristherearestillwaystodealwithit.Somestarsstaycalmbysurroundingthemselveswithtrustedfriendsandfamilyorbyescapingtoremoteplacesawayfrombigcities.Theyfocusnotonhowfamoustheyarebutonwhattheylovetodoorwhatevermadethemfamousinthefirstplace.Sometimesafewcelebritiescangetalittlejustice.Still,evenstarswhoenjoyfulljusticeoftencomplainabouthowhardtheirlivesare.Theyaretiredofbeingfamousalready.16.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatstarstoday________.A.areoftenmisunderstoodbythepublicB.cannolongerhavetheirprivacyprotectedC.spendtoomuchontheirpublicappearanceD.carelittleabouthowtheyhavecomeintofame17.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph3?A.Well-knownactorsarcusuallytargetsoftabloids.B.Worksofpopularwritersoftenhavealotofreaders.C.Greatheroesofthepastweregenerallyadmired.D.Theproblemfacedbycelebritieshasalonghistory.18.Whatmakesitmuchhardertobeacelebritytoday?A.Hugepopulationoffans. B.Availabilityofmodernmedia.C.Lackoffavorablechances. D.Inadequatesocialrecognition.19.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardmoderncelebrity?A.Sympathetic. B.Skeptical. C.Disapproving. D.Indifferent.6I'minterestedintheRenaissance,soIlikevisitingancientItaliancities.FerraraiscalledCityoftheRenaissance.WhenIlearnedaboutthiscityontheInternet,Idecidedtopayavisittoit.Thecityhasacertaincharmandcalmness,butIfinditisn'tasgreatasotherItaliancitieslikeVerona,letaloneVeniceorRome.TheMichelinGreenGuidegiv