过去分词充当定语表语宾补

Grammar动词-ed形式作定语动词-ed形式作表语动词-ed形式作宾语补足语张灵灵2013.10.25过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很紧,渐渐地成为一个复合词。这种分词叫分词形容词(theParticipleAdjective),实际上相当于一个单纯的形容词,除表示“完成”的动作之外,还表示“被动”的意义。如：一、动词-ed形式作定语

spokenEnglish英语口语icedbeer冰冻啤酒cookedfood熟食

friedchips炸土豆条但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作,而不表示“被动”意义。如:boiledwater(开水);fallenleaves(落叶)therisensun(升起的太阳)等。

Thetallmanisa

returned

student．高个子的那个人是个归国留学生。

Myparentsarebothretiredteachers．我的父母都是退休教师。

(1)前置定语单个的动词-ed形式,一般放在被修饰的名词的前面,作前置定语。Theexcitedpeoplerushedintobuilding.激动的人们冲进大楼。(=thepeoplewhowereexcited)Losttimecanneverbefoundagain．虚度的时光,无法挽回。(=timewhichislost)

e.g.Thebooksleftareformystudents．(2)后置定语①少数单个动词的-ed形式,如left等,只能作后置定语。剩下的书是给我的学生的。

②动词-ed形式短语作定语时,通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面,在意思上相当于一个定语从句。Isthereanythingplannedfortonight?(=thathasbeenplannedfortonight)今晚有什么活动吗?Themeeting,attendedbyalotofpeople,wasasuccess．这次会议有很多人出席,开得很成功。

(=whichwasattendedbyalotofpeople)

高考链接Mostoftheartists_____tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.(MET90)A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited2)Thefirsttextbooks_____forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.(NMET94)A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.writtenA

D

3)TheOlympicgames,_______in776BC,didn'tincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobefirstplaying4)Pricesofdailyfoods______throughacomputercanbelowerthanpricesinstores.(2002年全国春）

A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenbought

D.buyingC

B

5)Mr.Smith,____ofthespeech,startedtoreada____novel.(2003北京春)A.tired,boringB.tiring,boredC.tired,boredD.tiring,boringA

Helookedworriedafterreadingtheletter．看完信后,他显得很忧虑。Whenweheardofit,weweredeeplymoved．当我们听到这件事时,被深深地感动了。

Heseemedquitedelightedattheidea．听到这个想法,他似乎很高兴。

二、动词-ed形式作表语

过去分词作表语并无“完成”或“被动”之意,而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等。如：Iwasvery

pleasedatthenews．听了这消息我很高兴。

Hegrewmuch

tiredofthework．他十分厌倦这工作。

Heseemedquite

delightedattheidea.

听了这想法他似乎很高兴。

作表语的-ed形式可被much,very,quite等所修饰。Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget____bythehour.(NMET98)A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay2)AswejoinedthebigcrowdIgot____frommyfriends.(NEMT2001)A.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missed高考链接C

C

3)Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain____astheplanewasmakingalanding.(2004上海)A.seatB.seatingC.seatedD.tobeseatingC三、动词-ed形式作宾语补足语

能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词,表示被动意义或已完成意义,有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。Shefoundthedoorbrokeninwhenshecameback．她回来时发现有人破门而人。Mygrandfatherhadhisoldhouserebuilt．我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子。动词-ed形式作宾语补足语的基本用法

动词的-ed形式可以在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。在这一结构中,动词-ed形式和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。如果这种句子改为被动语态,原来的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语。Peoplefoundthegirlbeatenblackandblue．人们发现这个女孩被打得青一块紫一块。(宾语补足语)Thegirlwasfoundbeatenblackandblue．(主语补足语)

(1)动词-ed形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括see,hear,watch,notice,feel,find,think,suppose,consider等。Wethoughtthegamelost．我们认为球赛输了。Ihaveneverheardhimspokenillofothers.我从未听过有人说他的坏话。Shefeltagreatweighttakenoffhermind．她觉得心里轻松了些。Theyconsideredthemattersettled．他们认为这问题解决了。Ihavemyhaircutonceamonth．我每个月理一次发。Hewastryingtomakehimselfunderstood．他正努力使别人听懂自己。Sheheldherhandspressedagainstherface.她用双手按着脸。(2)动词-ed形式可作使役动词的宾语补足语,

这类动词包括make,get,have,keep,leave,hold等。Shehadherhouserepaired．她请人把屋子修好了。Wheredidyouhaveyourhaircut?你在哪儿理的发?

“have+宾语+done”结构有三个含义：①(请人)把某事做完。Hehadhishatblownawayonhiswayhome．在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。Shehadherwalletstolenyesterday.昨天她的钱包被偷了。②遭遇某种意外情况。Ihavehadallmyspellingmistakescorrected．我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。Hehashadonethousandyuansaved

thisyear．他今年已存了1000元。

③完成某事(自己也可能参与)。(3)动词-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、命令等动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括like,want,wish,expect,order等Hewon’tlikesuchquestionsdiscussedatthemeeting．他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。ThestudentswishtheTVserialplayscontinued．学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。(4)过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾补”这一结构中,过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。Thethiefwasbroughtinwithhishandstiedbehindhisback.小偷被带进来了,双手被反绑在后面。Youcanmakeyourself____inEnglishprettywellifyoukeeponspeakingthelanguage.A.understandB.understandingC.tounderstandD.understood2.--Thereisaholeinyourbag.--Iknow.I’mgoingtohaveit______.A.mendB.mendingC.mendedD.tobemendedPractice

D

C

3.--Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?--Thekey______theproblemistomeetthedemand_____bythecustomers.A.tosolving;makingB.tosolving;madeC.tosolve;makingD.tosolve;madeB

4.Englishisalanguage_____allaroundtheworldandisthe_____languageofmostinternationalorganizations.A.tospeak,workingB.spoken,workingC.speaking,workedD.spoken,workedB

5.Hefoundamagazine_____withtheowner’sname_____onthedeskwiththebackcover_____off.A.marking,lying,tornB.marked,lying,tornC.marked,laid,tearingD.marking,laying,tearingA1.Canthose____atthebackoftheclassroomhearme?(2008福建卷)A.seatB.sitC.seatedD.sat2.Thetrees____inthestormhavebeenmovedofftheroad.(2008湖南卷)A.beingblowndown B.blowndownC.blowingdown D.toblowdown高考链接--2008C

B

3.TolearnEnglishwell,weshouldfindopportunitiestohearEnglish______asmuchaswecan.(2008江苏卷)A.speak. B.speakingC.spoken D.tospeak4.Wefinishedtheruninlessthanhalfthetime_____.(2008江西卷)A.allowing B.toallowC.allowed D.allowsC

C

5.Itisoneofthefunniestthings____ontheInternetsofarthisyear.(2008浙江卷)A.findingB.beingfoundC.tofindD.foundD

Answerkeyforexercise2onpage24Weneedanothercopyofthe_____agreement.Heseemed___________bythefailureofhispatent.Shetriedtomakeherself__________whilegivinghertalk.Iwas___________toseeourteam______byaweakerteam.Mymotherappeared______withthelanternsshehadmade.signeddisappointedunderstoodembarrassedbeatenpleasedAnswerkeyforexercise3onpage24Ifyouwanttobeaninventor,youmusthaveaplan________tosolveaparticularproblem.Thisisnotaseasyasitsounds.Manyideas,_________afterweeksofresearch,maynotprovesuccessful.Manyunsuccessfulapproachesare_______,andonlythemostcreativeandsuccessfulonesare_________.designeddevelopedrejectedwelcomedEachidea______byyouwillneedtobe________untilitleadsyouclosertoanewinvent