语法专项突破系列3

语法专项突破系列3.形容词和副词考点1形容词和副词的词形变化★★★★1.形容词后缀(1)-able:①v.+able:reliable,eatable,enjoyable,movable等。②n.+able:valuable,reasonable,knowledgeable等。(2)-ible:terrible,horrible,invisible,possible等。(3)-al:international,mental,medical,natural,general等。(4)-ant或-ent:instant,distant,constant,important,patient,different,absent等。(5)-ed或-ing:interested,interesting,pleased,pleasing等。(6)-en:wooden,golden,spoken,written,mistaken等。(7)-ern:eastern,southern,western,northern等。(8)-ful:①n.+ful:colorful,beautiful,helpful,powerful等。②v.+ful:forgetful,careful等。(9)-less:fearless,harmless,useless,helpless等。(10)n.+ly:friendly,lovely,weekly等。(11)n./v.+(i)ous:curious,dangerous,various,anxious等。(12)-some:handsome,troublesome,tiresome等。(13)

n.+y:funny,lucky,snowy,rainy,dusty等。2.形容词前缀:(1)un-:unhappy,unfair等。(2)im-:impossible,impolite等。(3)in-:inactive,inconvenient等。(4)dis-:disabled,dishonest等。(5)ir-:irregular,irresponsible等。(6)il-:illegal等。3.副词后缀:一般都是adj.+ly构成,如simple→simply等。【点津】注意以-e结尾的形容词变副词时有的去掉e,有的不去e,直接加-ly。例如:definite→definitely,true→truly等是不同的。【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Thetitlewillbe

(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.解题关键:此处表示这个头衔将在伦敦的一个仪式上正式授予“我”,根据句子结构可知,应该使用副词作状语修饰动词given。答案判定:officially【高考集训】用所给词的适当形式填空/单句改错1.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Wallsmadeofadobetakeintheheatfromthesunonhotdaysandgiveoutthatheat______(slow)duringcoolnights.2.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)As_______(nature)architects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactlyhowthicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.

slowlynatural3.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)Theriverwassopollutedthatit_______(actual)caughtfireandburned.4.(2014·辽宁高考)Bendyourkneesslightlyandreachoutyourarmsliketreebranches,naturallyand_____(soft).actuallysoftly5.(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)Everyoneonthebusbegantalkingaboutwhattheboyhaddone,andthecrowdofstrangers________(sudden)becamefriendlytooneanother.6.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Hownicetoseeyouagain!DadandIwereterribleworried.(改错)

()suddenlyterrible改为terribly7.(2014·辽宁高考)Thatistoomuchforus,consideringhowcloselythehousesare.(改错)

()closely改为close考点2形容词和副词的基本用法★★★★1.在高考语法填空和短文改错中会涉及一些常见的、与派生词变化无关的基本形容词和副词的用法,如before,ago,many,much,ever,never等。2.有些副词,如fortunately,luckily,surprisingly,honestly,actually,personally等,作评注性状语,往往修饰整个句子,而且它们常位于句首,且有逗号与后面句子分开。把握这样的结构和用法特点,有助于快速填空。3.连接副词的用法。连接副词逻辑语意意义though表转折虽然,然而yet表转折然而,可是however表转折,其后常用逗号然而,但是instead表转折或相反相反,代替otherwise表转折否则besides表递进另外,而且连接副词逻辑语意意义moreover表递进再说,而且still表递进仍然,依然therefore表结果因此thus表结果因此anyway表让步无论如何【点津】注意however是常考词,而且尤其要注意,所填空位于句首时,勿忘大写第一个字母!短文改错中可能会涉及对这些副词逻辑语意的考查。*Manyofuswereraisedwiththesaying“Wastenot,wantnot.”Noneofus,however,cancompletelyavoidwasteinourlives.

【典例剖析】单句改错(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Muchrareanimalsaredyingout.解题关键:可数名词复数animals前应该用many修饰。注意:首字母应该大写。答案判定:句中的Much→Many【高考集训】单句改错/填空1.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)Therearesomuchtomatoesthatweoftensharethemwithourneighbors.(改错)

()2.(2015·陕西高考)Ithoughtthebiscuitswerereallywell.(改错)

()much改为manywell改为good3.(2013·全国卷Ⅰ)Iremembermygrandfatherverymuch.(改错)

()4.(2013·全国卷Ⅰ)However,hewasthegentlestmanIhaveneverknown.(改错)

()5.(2015·广东高考)_______(lucky),healsohadacowwhichproducedmilkeveryday.much改为well/clearlynever改为everLuckily考点3比较级、最高级的用法★★★有关比较级和最高级的考查主要有以下几点:1.等级用法的固定句式(1)as+形容词或副词原级+as...像……一样……(2)as+adj.+a(n)+n.单数+as...像……一样……(3)notso/as+形容词或副词原级+as...不如……那样……(4)too/how+adj.+a/an+单数名词的固定句型(5)asmany+复数名词+as...或者asmuch+不可数名词+as...和……一样多(6)表示“两者中较……的一个”,用“the+比较级”的结构。注意:asmuch+a/an+n.

单数+as...既是……又是……*Itisgenerallybelievedthatteachingisasmuchanartasitisascience.人们通常认为教学既是一门艺术也是一门科学。2.修饰比较级的副词及副词短语abit,alittle,rather,much,far,byfar,manytimes,alot,agreatdeal,any,still,even,no等。见到这些词时,首先考虑所填空是否要用比较级或最高级形式。注意:very,quite,fairly,too等通常修饰原级。3.否定词十比较级表示最高级①Yourstoryisperfect;I’veneverheardabetteronebefore.你的故事太完美了,我之前从来没有听过比这更好的故事。②Ican’tagreemore.我非常同意。【点津】对于形容词和副词的比较级、最高级的考查具有比较直接化的特点,常出现标志性的单词,如as,than等,也常通过设置语境,让考生判断用原级、比较级还是最高级,所以准确理解语境意义,理顺上下文逻辑关系也是解题关键。另外,很多考生在写作中对“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”这一句式结构掌握不够精准,需要注意,在两个the+比较级的后面的两个分句都要用陈述语序。【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)Finally,thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris________(clean)thanever.解题关键:句意:最后人们的努力得到了回报,现在这条河比以前更干净了。根据句意以及空后的than,可知空缺处应该填提示词的比较级形式。答案判定:cleaner【高考集训】用所给词的适当形式填空/单句改错1.(2015·北京高考)Ididn’trealizehowlateitwaswhenwewereplaying.Maybeweshouldplaysome_______(quiet)musicatnight.2.(2015·天津高考)Itwasalsomuchmorethanwecouldafford,butfar___(little)thantheoriginalaskingprice.

quieterless3.(2015·安徽高考)Advertisementspersuadeusthatneweris______(good)andthatwewillbehappierwiththelatestproducts.4.(2015·天津高考)Helookedatmeforamoment,andthenwroteasentencecontainingthe____(good)adviceI’veeverhad.betterbest5.(2014·辽宁高考)The______(hard)youtrytobeathim,themorelikelyyouwillgethit.6.(2015·陕西高考)Mymummakesthebetterbiscuitsintheworld.(改错)

(_____________)7.(2013·浙江高考)Tom