人教新课标高中英语必修一讲义Unit1Friendship1.1Word版含答案

Unit1Friendship朋友在我们生活中是非常重要的。朋友就像天空中的太阳，会给我们的生活带来阳光，会使我们心情舒畅，也会使我们的寿命更长。为什么呢？因为朋友会使我们快乐，而快乐会促进人的健康。Friendsareveryimportantinoureverydaylife.Everyoneneedsfriends.Weallliketofeelclosetosomeone.Itisnicetohaveafriendtotalk,laugh,anddothingswith.Certainly,sometimesweneedtobealone.Wedon'talwayswantpeoplearound.Butwewouldfeellonelyifweneverhadafriend.Notwopeoplearejustthesame.Friendssometimesdon'tgetonwell.Thatdoesn'tmeanthattheynolongerlikeeachother.Mostofthetimetheywillmakeupandbeefriendsagain.Sometimesfriendsmoveaway.Thenwefeelverysad.Wemissthemverymuch,butwecancallthemandwritetothem.Andwecanmakenewfriends.Itisencouragingtofindouthowmuchwelikenewpeoplewhenwegettoknowthem.There'smoregoodnewsforpeoplewhohavefriends.Theylivelongerthanpeoplewhodon't.Why?Friendscanmakeusfeelhappy.Beinghappyhelpsyoustaywell.Ifsomeonecaresaboutyou,youtakebettercareofyourself.短文注释：1．getonwell相处得好2．makeup和好3．encouragingadj.令人鼓舞的4．Itisnicetohaveafriendtotalk,laugh,anddothingswith.有一个朋友来说说话、大笑、一起做事情真是太好了。5．Itisencouragingtofindouthowmuchwelikenewpeoplewhenwegettoknowthem.当我们逐渐了解新人时，令人鼓舞的是发现我们多么喜欢他们。SectionⅠWarmingUp&Reading—Pre­reading重点单词写作词汇1.upsetadj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的vt.使不安；使心烦2．ignorevt.不理睬；忽视3．looseadj.松的；松开的4．outdoorsadv.在户外；在野外5．duskn.黄昏；傍晚6．partnern.伙伴；合作者；合伙人拓展词汇1.concernvt.(使)担忧；涉及；关系到；n.担心；关注；(利害)关系→concernedadj.有关的；忧虑的→concerning2．entireadj.整个的；完全的；全部的→entirelyadv.完全地；全然地；整个地3．powern．能力；力量；权力→powerfuladj.强大的；强有力的→powerlessadj.无力的；没有能力的；无权力的4．dustyadj.积满灰尘的→dustn．灰尘阅读词汇1.surveyn．调查2．vetn.兽医3．Germanadj.德国的；德国人的；德语的n.德国人；德语4．seriesn.连续，系列5．thundervi.打雷；雷鸣n.雷，雷声6．curtainn.窗帘；门帘；幕布表负面情绪的形容词①blue沮丧的，悲观的②down心情低落的③sad难过的④angry生气的⑤worried担忧的名词＋ful变为adj.usen．用处→usefuladj.有用的caren．小心→carefuladj.小心的wondern．惊奇→wonderfuladj.美妙的，精彩的helpn．帮助→helpfuladj.有帮助作用的beautyn．美→beautifuladj.美丽的重点短语1.addup合计2．havegotto不得不；必须3．gothrough经历；经受4．setdown记下；放下；登记5．aseriesof一连串的；一系列；一套6．onpurpose故意7．inorderto为了……8．atdusk在黄昏时刻9．facetoface面对面地10．nolonger/not...anylonger不再重点句型1.状语从句的省略Whilewalkingthedog,youwerecarelessanditgotlooseandwashitbyacar.在遛狗的时候，你不小心松了手，结果它被一辆汽车撞了。2．“it's...that...”为强调句型。Iwonderifit'sbecauseIhaven'tbeenabletobeoutdoorsforsolongthatI'vegrownsocrazyabouteverythingtodowithnature.我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。3．It/This/Thatis/wasthefirsttimethatsb.has(have)/haddonesth.“这/那是某人第一次做某事”。...itwasthefirsttimeinayearandahalfthatI'dseenthenightfacetoface...……这是我这一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚……4．It'snopleasuredoing...做……没有乐趣It'snopleasurelookingthroughtheseanylongerbecausenatureisonethingthatreallymustbeexperienced.观看这些已不再有乐趣，因为大自然是你必须亲自体验的。“动词＋down(写；记)”短语小结①setdown记下；放下；登记②takedown记下；记录③putdown记下④writedown写下“at＋n.”表时间小结①atdusk在黄昏时刻②atdawn在拂晓③atmidnight在午夜④atnoon在中午“n.＋prep.＋n.”类短语积累①facetoface面对面地②hearttoheart心连心地③shouldertoshoulder肩并肩地④handinhand手拉手地,续表品读语言乐章StepOne：LeadinginReadthefollowingpoem，andtrytotranslateitintoChinese.Thendescribethepoeminabout10words.ToWangLunLiBaiI'monboard;We'reabouttosail，Whenthere'sstampingandsingingonshore；PeachBlossomPoolisathousandfeetdeep，Yetnotsodeep,WangLun,asyourloveforme.Translation：赠汪伦李白李白乘舟将欲行，忽闻岸上踏歌声。桃花潭水深千尺，不及汪伦送我情。Discussion：ThepoemdescribesthefriendshipbetweenLiBaiandWangLunStepTwo：FastreadingSkimthetextandchoosethebestanswers.1．Thetextmainlytellsus.A．theimportanceofkeepingadiaryB．howtomakefriendswithothersC．whatAnnelikedtodoinherfreetimeD．whyAnnechoseherdiaryasherfriend答案：D2．ReadAnne'sdiaryandthenmatchthemainideaofeachparagraph.Para.1(C)A．Oneevening,Annestayedawakeuntilhalfpasteleveninordertohaveagoodlookatthemoon.Para.2(A)B．Annewasonlyabletolookatnaturethroughdustywindows.Para.3(B)C．Annehadn'tbeenoutdoorsforsolongthatshehadgrowncrazyabouteverythingtodowithnature.StepThree：CarefulreadingReadthetextandthenchoosethebestansweraccordingtothetext.1．WhatmadeAnnecrazyaboutnature?A．Herfearforwar.B．Losingfriendship.C．Herdream.D．Losingfreedom.答案：D2．Anneandherfamilyhadtohidebecause.A．theybrokethelawwhenlivinginGermanyB．theywantedtomakefunofGermansC．theydidn'twanttoworkforGermansD．theywereJewishandwereafraidofbeingcaughtandkilledbytheNazis答案：D3．OneeveningAnnestayedawakeuntilhalfpastelevenbecauseshe.A．waitedforherparentsB．wantedtohaveagoodlookatthemoonaloneC．wasn'tsleepyD．hadsomehomeworktodo答案：B4．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsAnne?A．Beingangry.B．Beinghappy.C．Beingsympathetic(同情的).D．Beingdisappointed.答案：C感悟难句分析1．Iwonderifit'sbecauseIhaven'tbeenabletobeoutdoorsforsolongthatI'vegrownsocrazyabouteverythingtodowithnature.[句式分析][尝试翻译]我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。2．Icanwellrememberthattherewasatimewhenadeepbluesky,thesongofthebirds,moonlightandflowerscouldneverhavekeptmespellbound.[句式分析][尝试翻译]我能非常清楚地记得，以前湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和花朵从未令我如此心驰神往。3．It'snopleasurelookingthroughtheseanylongerbecausenatureisonethingthatreallymustbeexperienced.[句式分析][尝试翻译]观看这些已经不再是乐趣，因为大自然是你必须亲身体验的。ReadingANNE'SBESTFRIENDDoyouwantafriendwhomyoucouldtelleverythingto【1】，likeyourdeepest①feelingsandthoughts?Orareyouafraidthatyourfriendwouldlaughat②you,orwouldnotunderstandwhatyouaregoingthrough③【2】？AnneFrankwantedthefirstkind,soshemadeherdiaryherbestfriend.【3】【1】whom在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词afriend，whom在从句中作介词to的宾语，此时whom可换成who或that。若句末的介词to前置，则只能用whom。【2】what在此引导宾语从句，并在从句中作goingthrough的宾语。【3】so连接两个并列分句，后一分句中madeherdiaryherbestfriend为“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构，名词短语herbestfriend作宾补。AnnelivedinAmsterdamintheNetherlandsduringWorldWarⅡ.HerfamilywasJewishsotheyhadtohideortheywouldbecaughtbytheGermanNazis.Sheandherfamilyhidaway④fornearlytwenty­fivemonthsbeforetheywerediscovered.Duringthattimetheonlytruefriendwasherdiary.Shesaid,“Idon'twanttosetdown⑤aseriesof⑥factsinadiaryasmostpeopledo,butIwantthisdiaryitselftobemyfriend,andIshallcallmyfriendKitty.【4】”NowreadhowshefeltafterbeinginthehidingplacesinceJuly1942.【4】but连接两个并列分句，第一分句中as引导方式状语从句，意为“正如”。第二分句是and连接的并列句。Thursday15thJune,1944DearKitty，Iwonderifit'sbecauseIhaven'tbeenabletobeoutdoors⑦forsolongthatI'vegrownsocrazyabout⑧everythingtodowithnature【5】.Icanwell⑨rememberthattherewasatimewhenadeepbluesky,thesongofthebirds,moonlightandflowerscouldneverhavekeptmespellbound⑩【6】.That'schangedsinceIcamehere.【7】【5】if在此意为“是否”，引导的从句作wonder的宾语；it's...that...为强调句，强调because引导的原因状语从句；todowithnature作后置定语，修饰everything。【6】therewasatimewhen...为常用句型，意为“曾经有一段时间……”，when在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词atime。【7】since在此引导时间状语从句，从句用的是一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。...Forexample,oneeveningwhenitwassowarm【8】，Istayed⑪awakeonpurpose⑫untilhalfpasteleveninorderto⑬haveagoodlookat⑭themoonbymyself.Butasthemoongavefartoomuch⑮light【9】，Ididn'tdareopenawindow.Anothertimefivemonthsago,Ihappenedtobe⑯upstairsatdusk⑰whenthewindowwasopen.Ididn'tgodownstairsuntilthewindowhadtobeshut.【10】Thedark,rainyevening,thewind,thethundering⑱cloudsheldmeentirely⑲intheirpower⑳；itwasthefirsttimeinayearandahalfthatI'dseenthenightfacetofaceeq\o(○,\s\up1(21))【11】．..【8】when在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词oneevening。【9】as在此引导原因状语从句，表示“由于，因为”。【10】本句中含有“not...until...(直到……才……)”结构。【11】itwasthefirsttime...that...意为“这是……第一次……”，其中that引导定语从句，修饰先行词thefirsttime。...Sadly...Iamonlyabletolookatnaturethroughdirtycurtainseq\o(○,\s\up1(22))hangingbeforeverydustyeq\o(○,\s\up1(23))windows【12】.It'snopleasureeq\o(○,\s\up1(24))lookingthroughtheseanylongereq\o(○,\s\up1(25))becausenatureisonethingthatreallymustbeexperienced.【13】Yours，Anne【12】现在分词短语hangingbeforeverydustywindows作后置定语，修饰curtains。【13】画线部分属于“It's＋n.＋doingsth.”句型，其中It为形式主语，lookingthroughthese为真正的主语。because引导的原因状语从句中含有that引导的定语从句，该定语从句修饰先行词onething。安妮最好的朋友你想不想拥有一位无话不谈、能够推心置腹的朋友呢？或者你是否害怕你的朋友会嘲笑你、不理解你目前的处境呢？安妮·弗兰克想要的就是第一种类型的朋友，于是她把自己的日记当成了最好的朋友。第二次世界大战期间，安妮居住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。她一家都是犹太人，所以他们不得不躲藏起来，否则他们就会被德国纳粹抓去。她和她的家人躲了将近两年零一个月才被发现。在那段时间里，她唯一的忠实朋友就是她的日记了。她说：“我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账，我要把这本日记当作我的朋友，我要把我这个朋友称作基蒂。”现在，让我们看一看安妮自1942年7月以来在藏身之处躲着时的那种心情吧。1944年6月15日星期四亲爱的基蒂：我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。我能完全记得，曾经有一段时间，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花从未令我痴迷。自从我来到这里后，一切都变了。……比如，有天晚上天气很暖和，我熬到11点半故意不睡觉，为的是独自好好看看月亮。但是因为月光太亮了，我不敢打开窗子。还有一次，就在五个月以前的一天傍晚，我碰巧在楼上，窗户是开着的。我一直等到非关窗不可的时候才下楼去。漆黑的夜晚，风雨交加，电闪雷鸣，我全然被这种力量镇住了，这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚…………让人伤心的是……我只能透过脏兮兮的窗帘观看大自然，窗帘悬挂在沾满灰尘的窗前。透过窗帘观看大自然已经不再是乐趣，因为大自然是你必须亲身体验的。你的朋友，安妮[词语积累]①deep(deeper；deepest)adj.强烈的，深切的，衷心的②laughat嘲笑，讥笑③gothrough经历；经受④hideaway躲藏；藏起来⑤setdown记下，写下；放下⑥aseriesof一连串的；一系列；一套⑦outdoors/aʊt'dɔːz/adv.在户外；在野外反义词：indoors在室内⑧growcrazyabout对……十分痴迷；对……十分狂热⑨welladv.全部地；完全地⑩spellbound/'spelbaʊnd/adj.入迷，出神，着魔⑪stay/steɪ/linkv．保持，继续是stayawake醒着⑫onpurpose(＝bydesign)故意地反义短语：byaccident/bychance偶然⑬inorderto为了……⑭haveagoodlookat好好看看……⑮fartoomuch中far是副词，表程度；toomuch太多，后跟不可数名词。⑯happentodosth.碰巧做某事⑰atdusk在黄昏时刻dusk/dʌsk/n.黄昏；傍晚⑱thunder/'θʌndə/vi.打雷；雷鸣n．雷；雷声⑲entirely/ɪn'taɪəlɪ/adv.完全地；全然地；整个地entire/ɪn'taɪə/adj.整个的；完全的；全部的⑳power/'paʊə/n.能力；力量；权力eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))facetoface面对面地eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))curtain/'kɜːtn/n.窗帘；门帘；幕布eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))dusty/'dʌstɪ/adj.积满灰尘的eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))pleasure/'pleʒə(r)/n.乐事，快事eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))nolonger(＝not...anylonger)不再……(指时间上不再延续)[核心素养链接·文化采风]《安妮日记》是德国籍犹太少女安妮·弗兰克(AnneFrank,1929～1945)在二战中遗留下来的一本日记。安妮13岁时，为躲避纳粹的迫害，随家人藏匿于密室之中长达25个月，1944年8月因人告密而被关进集中营，并在1945年爆发的伤寒疫情中死去。1947年，《安妮日记》出版，至今已被翻译为70多种语言。1960年，安妮藏身过的密室被改建为博物馆，取名“安妮之家”。安妮于1999年入选《时代杂志》“20世纪全世界最具影响力的100个人”。

课时作业(一)Unit1SectionⅠWarmingup&Reading—Pre­readingⅠ.阅读理解AWehavemostfriendsattheageof26afterhavingspentthefirstquarterofourlivesbuildingupourfriendshipcircle,anewresearchhasclaimed.Theresearchintofriendshipshowsthatoursocialcirclepeaksat26yearsand7months,atwhichwetypicallyhavefiveclosefriends.Womenaremostpopularat25yearsand10months,withmenhittingthehighestfriendshippointalittlelaterat27yearsand3months.Theresearch,byForeverFriends,showsthataboutathirdofadultsmeettheirclosestfriendswhileatschool,withaboutafifthsayingtheymeetthematwork.SocialnetworkssuchasFacebookandTwitternowalsoplayamajorroleinbuildingnewfriendship.Theresearchpointsoutthat25to34­year­oldsmake22friendsviaFacebook,paredto18to24­year­oldswhomake12,and35to44­year­oldswhomakejustfour.ForeverFriends'relationshipcoachSamOwensays,“Itisnocoincidencethatoverathirdofusmeetourbestfriendsatschool.Itisakeytimeinourliveswhenfriendshipisgrowingthroughsharingnotes,givinggifts,seeingeachotherregularlyandlaughingalot.Asadultswecanoftenforgethowpowerfulthesesmallthingsareandhowthelittlethingscanmakeadifference.”Laterinlifewefindourselveslosingfriends.Overhalfofuslosefriendshipthroughmoving,while36%saythatovertimetheygrowapartfromclosepals.Havingchildrenalsocauses19%todriftawayfromchildhoodfriends.Withgrowingpressuresbeingputonfriendshipthesedays,it'simportanttomaketimeforourfriendship.【语篇解读】研究表明，我们在26岁时拥有最多的朋友，但是随着时间的推移，我们的朋友会减少。1.Howmanyfriendscana20­year­oldcollegestudentmakeviaFacebook?A．4.B．12.C．18.D．22.答案与解析：B细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句中的“viaFacebook,paredto18to24­year­oldswhomake12”2．InParagraph5,theauthoristryingtotellthereaders.A．howimportantmakingfriendsisB．thatfriendshipisnoteasytokeepC．howmuchhasbeendonetokeepfriendshipD．thatfriendshipatschoolisimportant答案与解析：D细节理解题。根据第五段SamOwen所讲的话的第二句“Itisakeytimeinourlives...otherregularlyandlaughingalot.”可知，时光是人生中建立友谊的重要阶段，这时候的友谊成长于分享笔记、赠送礼物、互相探望、一起欢笑中，故D项正确。3.Theunderlinedphrase“driftawayfrom”inParagraph6means“”．A．makesenseofB．losecontactwithC．feelsorryforD．makeupwith答案与解析：B词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段的第二句“Overhalfofuslosefriendship...apartfromclosepals.”及画线词所在句“Havingchildrenalsocauses19%to...childhoodfriends.”可以判断，画线词意为“失去联系”，故B项正确。4．Thispassageismostprobablytakenfrom.A．FacebookorTwitterB．anadvertisementC．atextbookD．anewspaper答案与解析：D推理判断题。根据第一段中的“anewresearchhasclaimed”以及最后一段中的“thesedays”，再结合选项可以判断，本文最可能摘自报纸，故D项正确。BFriendsareveryimportantinourlives.Everyoneneedsfriends.Ifyoudon'thavefriends,you'llfeellonely.However,somepeopledon'ttrytobuildthefriendshipsthey'dliketohave.Why?Somepeopledon'tbuildfriendshipsbecausetheythinktheyhavenotimeforthat.Todaymanypeopleliveaverybusylife,soit'snotstrangethatsomepeopledon'tthinktheyhavetimeforfriendships.However，thisiswrong.Youshouldknowthatifyoureallywanttodosomething,youcansparetimeforit,nomatterhowbusyyouare.MyfriendTomusedtothinkhehadnotimetobuildfriendships.Hewasworkingalmostallthetime.However,oneday,herealizedthathedidn'thaveanyfriendsinthecityandbecamescared.Hedidn'twanttobelonelyinthefuture.Hedecidedtomakeachange.Hedidn'tbringhomeasmuchworkasbefore.Instead,hewenttoagymandstartedworkingoutthere.Henotonlybecamehealthier,butalsomadesomefriendsthere.Somepeopledon'ttrytomakefriendsbecausetheideaofmakingnewfriendsisscarytothem.They'reafraidpeoplewillrefusetomakefriendswiththem.Ifsomeonedoesrejecttomakefriendswithyou,itdoesn'tmeanthatyou'reuselessorunlovable.Maybethey'rehavingabadday.Maybetheydon'tknowyouwell.Ormaybethey'renotaniceperson.Ifyou'vebeenturneddownbysomeonebefore,don'tthinkotherswilldothesametoyou.MyfriendDavidwasafraidofmakingnewfriends,too,becausehedidn'twanttobeturneddownbyothers.Butlaterhefoundsomepeoplewerereallynice.Slowlyhemadesomegoodfriends.Nowheisnolongerafraidoftalkingtonewpeopleandbelieveshecanmakemorefriends.Soallyouhavetodoistobelieveyou'llmakemorefriendsandsparetimeforit.【语篇解读】朋友对于我们每一个人来说都很重要，不要以忙为借口拒绝交朋友，也不要害怕交朋友。5．AccordingtoParagraph2,somepeopledon'tmakefriendsbecause.A．theythinkworkistheirfriendB．theythinkthey'retoobusyforthatC．theydon'tthinkfriendsareimportantD．theydon'twanttomunicatewithothers答案与解析：B细节理解题。根据第二段的“Somepeopledon'tbuildfriendshipsbecausetheythinktheyhavenotimeforthat.”可知，一些人不交朋友是因为他们认为自己太忙了。6．WhatmadeTomfeelscared?A．Thethoughtofgoingtothegym.B．Thethoughtofhavingmuchwork.C．Thefearofhavingpoorhealth.D．Thefearofbeinglonelyinthefuture.答案与解析：D细节理解题。根据第三段的“However,oneday,herealizedthathedidn'thaveanyfriendsinthecityandbecamescared.Hedidn'twanttobelonelyinthefuture.”可知，Tom害怕将来会孤独终老。7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reject”inParagraph4mean?A．Refuse.B．Offer.C．Afford.D．Try.答案与解析：A词义猜测题。根据画线词前面的“They'reafraidpeoplewillrefusetomakefriendswiththem.”可知，这里是指如果真的有人“拒绝”跟你做朋友。8．David'sstoryshowsthatwe.A．shouldbenicetootherpeopleB．shouldhavesomegoodfriendsC．shouldn'tsay“no”tootherpeopleD．shouldn'tbeafraidofmakingfriends答案与解析：D推理判断题。根据第五段的内容可知，David一开始害怕去结识新的朋友，后来他意识到很多人都很友好，他也结交了一些朋友。他的故事告诉我们：我们不应该害怕去结识朋友。Ⅱ.阅读填句根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中的两项为多余选项。Sometimeswillpowerisalotlikethetelevisionremotecontrol—hardtofindjustwhenyouwantitmost.Whetheryou'retryingtoloseweight,stopsmoking,gettothegymregularly,developingyoursenseofwillpowerisanimportantpartofchanginganybehavior.1Buttherearewaystoincreaseyourwillpower.Don'ttrytochangeyoureconomicsituation,winapromotionandloseweightallonthesamem