新G OG阅读梯度练习抽取

使用说明内容为新GRE(GRErevised)OG中的阅读梯度练习，参照阅读2772设置，答案被隐藏。显示的方法是鼠标左键单击“常用”工具栏“显示/隐藏编辑标记”按钮（只有WORD才有此按钮，写字板没有）。再次单击又被隐藏。见下图：

SET2.ReadingComprehensionQuestions:Easy ForeachofQuestions1to9,selectoneanswerchoiceunlessotherwiseinstructed.1. Apersonwhoagreestoserveasmediatorbetweentwowarringfactionsattherequestofbothabandonsbysoagreeingtherighttotakesideslater.Totakesidesatalaterpointwouldbetosuggestthattheearlierpresumptiveimpartialitywasasham.Thepassageaboveemphasizeswhichofthefollowingpointsaboutmediators?ATheyshouldtrytoformnoopinionsoftheirownaboutanyissuethatisrelatedtothedispute.BTheyshouldnotagreetoserveunlesstheyarecommittedtomaintainingastanceofimpartiality.CTheyshouldnotagreetoserveunlesstheyareequallyacceptabletoallpartiestoadispute.DTheyshouldfeelfreetotakesidesinthedisputerightfromthestart,providedthattheymaketheirbiasespubliclyknown.ETheyshouldreservetherighttoabandontheirimpartialitysoasnottobeopentothechargeofhavingbeendeceitful.Questions2to5arebasedonthefollowingreadingpassage.WasFelixMendelssohn(1809–1847)agreatcomposer?Onitsface,thequestionseemsabsurd.Oneofthemostgiftedprodigiesinthehistoryofmusic,heproducedhisfirstmasterpieceatsixteen.Fromthenon,hewasrecognizedasanartistofpreternaturalabilities,notonlyasacomposerbutalsoasapianistandconductor.ButMendelssohn’senduringpopularityhasoftenbeenatodds—sometimesquitesharply—withhiscriticalstanding.Despitegeneralacknowledgmentofhisgenius,therehasbeenanoticeablereluctancetorankhimwith,say,SchumannorBrahms.AsHagginputit,Mendelssohn,asacomposer,wasa“minormaster...workingonasmallscaleofemotionandtexture.”2.SelectasentenceinthepassagewhosefunctionistoindicatetherangeofMendelssohn’smusicaltalents.3. ThepassagesuggeststhatanyoneattemptingtoevaluateMendelssohn’scareermustconfrontwhichofthefollowingdichotomies?AThetensionbetweenMendelssohn’scareerasacomposerandhiscareerasapianistandconductorBThecontrastbetweenMendelssohn’spopularityandthatofSchumannandBrahmsCThediscrepancybetweenMendelssohn’spopularityandhisstandingamongcriticsDTheinconsistencybetweenMendelssohn’sreputationduringhislifetimeandhisreputationsincehisdeathEThegapbetweenMendelssohn’sprodigiousmusicalbeginningsandhisdeclineinlateryears4. Itcanbeinferredthatthe“reluctance”mentionedinthepassageisbeingascribedtoAmostcomposerssinceMendelssohnBSchumannandBrahmsCthemusic-listeningpublicDmusiccriticsgenerallyEHagginexclusively5.TheauthormentionsSchumannandBrahmsprimarilyinordertoAprovideexamplesofcomposerswhoareoftencomparedwithMendelssohnBidentifycertaincomposerswhoaremorepopularthanMendelssohnCidentifycomposerswhomMendelssohninfluencedDestablishthemilieuinwhichMendelssohnworkedEestablishastandardofcomparisonforMendelssohnasacomposerQuestions6and7arebasedonthefollowingreadingpassage.Whilemostscholarshiponwomen’semploymentintheUnitedStatesrecognizesthattheSecondWorldWar(1939–1945)dramaticallychangedtheroleofwomenintheworkforce,thesestudiesalsoacknowledgethatfewwomenremainedinmanufacturingjobsoncemenreturnedfromthewar.Butinagriculture,unlikeotherindustrieswherewomenwereviewedastemporaryworkers,women’semploymentdidnotendwiththewar.Instead,theexpansionofagricultureandasteadydecreaseinthenumberofmalefarmworkerscombinedtocausetheindustrytohiremorewomeninthepostwaryears.Consequently,the1950ssawagrowingnumberofwomenengagedinfarmlabor,eventhoughrhetoricinthepopularmediacalledforthereturnofwomentodomesticlife.6. ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthemanufacturingandagriculturalsectorsintheUnitedStatesfollowingtheSecondWorldWardifferedinwhichofthefollowingrespects?ATherateofexpansionineachsectorBThepercentageofemployeesineachsectorwhoweremenCThetrendinthewagesofmenemployedineachsectorDTheattitudeofthepopularmediatowardtheemploymentofwomenineachsectorETheextenttowhichwomenineachsectorweresatisfiedwiththeirjobs7. Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutwomen’semploymentintheUnitedStatesduringandaftertheSecondWorldWarismostclearlysupportedbythepassage?AMostwomenwhojoinedtheworkforceduringtheSecondWorldWarwantedtoreturntodomesticlifewhenthewarended.BThegreatmajorityofwomenwhojoinedtheworkforceduringtheSecondWorldWarwereemployedinmanufacturingjobs.CTheendoftheSecondWorldWarwasfollowedbyalarge-scaletransferofwomenworkersfrommanufacturingtoagriculture.DTheincreaseinwomen’semploymentthataccompaniedtheSecondWorldWarwaslongerlastinginagriculturethanitwasinmanufacturing.EThepopularmediaweremoreforcefulincallingforwomentojointheworkforceduringtheSecondWorldWarthanincallingforwomentoreturntodomesticlifeafterthewar.Questions8and9arebasedonthefollowingreadingpassage.SincetheHawaiianIslandshaveneverbeenconnectedtootherlandmasses,thegreatvarietyofplantsinHawaiimustbearesultofthelong-distancedispersalofseeds,aprocessthatrequiresbothamethodoftransportandanequivalencebetweentheecol-ogyofthesourceareaandthatoftherecipientarea.Thereissomedisputeaboutthemethodoftransportinvolved.SomebiologistsarguethatoceanandaircurrentsareresponsibleforthetransportofplantseedstoHawaii.Yettheresultsofflotationexperimentsandthelowtemperaturesofaircur-rentscastdoubtonthesehypotheses.Moreprobableisbirdtransport,eitherexternally,byaccidentalattachmentoftheseedstofeathers,orinternally,bytheswallowingoffruitandsubsequentexcretionoftheseeds.WhileitislikelythatfewervarietiesofplantseedshavereachedHawaiiexternallythaninternally,morevarietiesareknowntobeadaptedtoexternalthantointernaltransport.8. TheauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithdiscussingdifferentapproachesbiologistshavetakentotestingtheoriesaboutthedistributionofplantsinHawaiidiscussingdifferenttheoriesaboutthetransportofplantseedstoHawaiidiscussingtheextenttowhichaircurrentsareresponsibleforthedispersalofplantseedstoHawaiiresolvingadisputeabouttheadaptabilityofplantseedstobirdtransportresolvingadisputeabouttheabilityofbirdstocarryplantseedslongdistances9. Theauthormentionstheresultsofflotationexperimentsonplantseeds(lines7–8)mostprobablyinordertosupporttheclaimthatthedistributionofplantsinHawaiiistheresultofthelong-distancedispersalofseedslendcredibilitytothethesisthataircurrentsprovideamethodoftransportforplantseedstoHawaiisuggestthatthelong-distancedispersalofseedsisaprocessthatrequireslongperiodsoftimechallengetheclaimthatoceancurrentsareresponsibleforthetransportofplantseedstoHawaiirefutetheclaimthatHawaiianfloraevolvedindependentlyfromflorainotherpartsoftheworld

SET4.ReadingComprehensionQuestions:MediumForeachofQuestions1to9,selectoneanswerchoiceunlessotherwiseinstructed.Questions1and2arebasedonthefollowingreadingpassage.IenjoyedADreamofLight&Shadow:PortraitsofLatinAmericanWomenWritersforthesamereasonsthat,asachild,Iavidlyconsumedwomen’sbiographies:thefascina-tionwithhowthebiographicaldetailsofanotherfemale’slifearerepresentedandinterpreted.ADreamoffersarichread,variedinboththelivesandtextsofthewomenpor-trayed,andtheperspectivesandstylesofthesixteenessayists.Yet,asanadult,Ihavecometodemandofanyreally“great”bookaself-consciousnessaboutthetenuousnatureofrepresentationsofreality,acriticalcontextualizationoffloriddetail,andaself-awarenessoftheroleofideologyinourlives.Inthesecriticalsenses,ADreamisinadequate.Forthefollowingquestion,considereachofthechoicesseparatelyandselectallthatapply.1. TheauthorofthepassagesuggeststhatADreamfallsshortinwhichofthefollowingrespects?A Itdoesnotappeartorecognizethatrepresentationsofrealitycanbeunreliable.B Itseemstofocusonstylisticvarietyattheexpenseofaccuracyofdetail.C Itoffersawealthofdetailwithoutsufficientcriticalexaminationofthatdetail.2.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefunctionofthesecondsentence(“ADream...essayists”)inthecontextofthepassageasawhole?ATogiveexamplesofhowADreampresentsfascinatingportraitsthatdisplayawarenessofthetenuousnatureofrepresentationsofrealityBToelaborateonhowADreamfulfillstheauthor’schildhoodcriteriaforapleasurablebookCTosuggestthattheauthorenjoyedADreamforreasonsmoresophisticatedthanthereasonssheenjoyedcertainbooksasachildDToillustratewaysinwhichtheauthorfindsADreamtobeinadequateincertaincriticalsensesEToimplythatADreamistoovariedinfocustoprovideapropercontextualizationofthebiographicaldetailsitoffers 3. (logic)DuringthedayinLakeConstance,thezooplanktonD.hyalinadepartsforthedepthswherefoodisscarceandthewatercold.D.galeataremainsnearthewarmsurfacewherefoodisabundant.EventhoughD.galeatagrowsandreproducesmuchfaster,itspopulationisoftenoutnumberedbyD.hyalina.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldhelpresolvetheapparentparadoxpresentedabove?AThenumberofspeciesofzooplanktonlivingatthebottomofthelakeistwicethatofspecieslivingatthesurface.BPredatorsofzooplankton,suchaswhitefishandperch,liveandfeednearthesurfaceofthelakeduringtheday.CInordertomakethemostofscarcefoodresources,D.hyalinamaturesmoreslowlythanD.galeata.DD.galeataclustersundervegetationduringthehottestpartofthedaytoavoidtheSun’srays.ED.galeataproducestwiceasmanyoffspringperindividualinanygivenperiodoftimeasdoesD.hyalina.Questions4and5arebasedonthefollowingreadingpassage.Tocqueville,apparently,waswrong.JacksonianAmericawasnotafluid,egalitariansocietywhereindividualwealthandpovertywereephemeralconditions.AtleastsoarguesE.PesseninhisiconoclasticstudyoftheveryrichintheUnitedStatesbetween1825and1850.Pessendoespresentaquantityofexamples,togetherwithsomerefreshinglyintelligiblestatistics,toestablishtheexistenceofaninordinatelywealthyclass.Thoughactiveincommerceortheprofessions,mostofthewealthywerenotself-madebuthadinheritedfamilyfortunes.Innosensemercurial,thesegreatfortunessurvivedthefinancialpanicsthatdestroyedlesserones.Indeed,inseveralcitiesthewealthiestonepercentconstantlyincreaseditsshareuntilby1850itownedhalfofthecommunity’swealth.//Althoughtheseobservationsaretrue,PessenoverestimatestheirimportancebyconcludingfromthemthattheundoubtedprogresstowardinequalityinthelateeighteenthcenturycontinuedintheJacksonianperiodandthattheUnitedStateswasaclass-ridden,plutocraticsocietyevenbeforeindustrialization.4. Accordingtothepassage,PessenindicatesthatallofthefollowingweretrueoftheverywealthyintheUnitedStatesbetween1825and1850EXCEPT:ATheyformedadistinctupperclass.BManyofthemwereabletoincreasetheirholdings.CSomeofthemworkedasprofessionalsorinbusiness.DMostofthemaccumulatedtheirownfortunes.EManyofthemretainedtheirwealthinspiteoffinancialupheavals.5.Whichofthefollowingbeststatestheauthor’smainpoint?APessen’sstudyhasoverturnedthepreviouslyestablishedviewofthesocialandeconomicstructureofearly-nineteenth-centuryAmerica.BTocqueville’sanalysisoftheUnitedStatesintheJacksonianeraremainsthedefinitiveaccountofthisperiod.CPessen’sstudyisvaluableprimarilybecauseitshowsthecontinuityofthesocialsystemintheUnitedStatesthroughoutthenineteenthcentury.DThesocialpatternsandpoliticalpoweroftheextremelywealthyintheUnitedStatesbetween1825and1850arewelldocumented.EPessenchallengesaviewofthesocialandeconomicsystemsintheUnitedStatesfrom1825to1850,buthedrawsconclusionsthatareincorrect. Questions6to9arebasedonthefollowingreadingpassage.Theevolutionofintelligenceamongearlylargemammalsofthegrasslandswasdueingreatmeasuretotheinteractionbetweentwoecologicallysynchronizedgroupsoftheseanimals,thehuntingcarnivoresandtheherbivoresthattheyhunted.Theinteractionresultingfromthedifferencesbetweenpredatorandpreyledtoageneralimprovementinbrainfunctions;however,certaincomponentsofintelligencewereimprovedfarmorethanothers.Thekindofintelligencefavoredbytheinterplayofincreasinglysmartercatchersandincreasinglykeenerescapersisdefinedbyattention—thataspectofmindcarry-ingconsciousnessforwardfromonemomenttothenext.Itrangesfromapassive,free-floatingawarenesstoahighlyfocused,activefixation.Therangethroughthesestatesismediatedbythearousalsystem,anetworkoftractsconvergingfromsensorysystemstointegratingcentersinthebrainstem.Fromthemorerelaxedtothemorevigorouslevels,sensitivitytonoveltyisincreased.Theorganismismoreawake,morevigilant;thisincreasedvigilanceresultsintheapprehensionofevermoresubtlesignalsastheorganismbecomesmoresensitivetoitssurroundings.Theprocessesofarousalandconcentrationgiveattentionitsdirection.Arousalisatfirstgeneral,withafloodingofimpulsesinthebrainstem;thengraduallytheactivationischanneled.Thusbeginsconcentration,theholdingofconsistentimages.Onemeaningofintelligenceisthewayinwhichtheseimagesandotheralertlysearchedinformationareusedinthecontextofpreviousexperience.Consciousnesslinkspastattentiontothepresentandpermitstheintegrationofdetailswithperceivedendsandpurposes.Theelementsofintelligenceandconsciousnesscometogethermarvelouslytoproducedifferentstylesinpredatorandprey.Herbivoresandcarnivoresdevelopdifferentkindsofattentionrelatedtoescapingorchasing.Althoughinbothkindsofanimal,arousalstimulatestheproductionofadrenalineandnorepinephrinebytheadrenalglands,theeffectinherbivoresisprimarilyfear,whereasincarnivorestheeffectisprimarilyaggression.//Forboth,arousalattunestheanimaltowhatisahead.Perhapsitdoesnotexperienceforethoughtasweknowit,buttheanimaldoesexperiencesome-thinglikeit.Thepredatorissearchinglyaggressive,inner-directed,tunedbythenervoussystemandtheadrenalhormones,butawareinasenseclosertohumancon-sciousnessthan,say,ahungrylizard’sinstinctivesnapatapassingbeetle.Usingpasteventsasaframework,thelargemammalpredatorisworkingoutarelationshipbetweenmovementandfood,sensitivetopossibilitiesincoldtrailsanddistantsounds—andyesterday’sunforgottenlessons.Theherbivorepreyisofadifferentmind.Itsmoodofwarinessratherthansearchinganditsattitudeofgeneralexpectancyinsteadofanticipatingaresilk-thinveilsoftranquillityoveranexplosiveendocrinesystem.6.Theauthorreferstoahungrylizard(line31)primarilyinordertoAdemonstratethesimilaritybetweenthehuntingmethodsofmammalsandthoseofnonmammalsBbroadentheapplicationoftheargumentbyincludinganinsectivoreasanexampleCmakeadistinctionbetweenhigherandlowerlevelsofconsciousnessDprovideanadditionalillustrationofthebrutalitycharacteristicofpredatorsEofferanobjectiontosuggestionsthatallanimalslackconsciousness7. ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatinanimalslessintelligentthanthemammalsdiscussedinthepassageApastexperienceislesshelpfulinensuringsurvivalBattentionismorehighlyfocusedCmuscularcoordinationislesshighlydevelopedDthereislessneedforcompetitionamongspeciesEenvironmentismoreimportantinestablishingtheproperratioofpreytopredator8. Accordingtothepassage,improvementinbrainfunctionamongearlylargemammalsresultedprimarilyfromwhichofthefollowing?AInterplayofpredatorandpreyBPersistenceoffree-floatingawarenessinanimalsofthegrasslandsCGradualdominanceofwarm-bloodedmammalsovercold-bloodedreptilesDInteractionofearlylargemammalswithlessintelligentspeciesEImprovementofthecapacityformemoryamongherbivoresandCarnivores 9. Accordingtothepassage,astheprocessofarousalinanorganismcontinues,allofthefollowingmayoccurEXCEPTAtheproductionofadrenalineBtheproductionofnorepinephrineCaheighteningofsensitivitytostimuliDanincreaseinselectivitywithrespecttostimuliEanexpansionoftherangeofstatesmediatedbythebrainstem

SET6.ReadingComprehensionQuestions:HardForeachofQuestions1to8,selectoneanswerchoiceunlessotherwiseinstructed.1. （logic）IntheUnitedStatesbetween1850and1880,thenumberoffarmerscontinuedtoincrease,butataratelowerthanthatofthegeneralpopulation.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdirectlycontradictstheinformationpresentedabove?AThenumberoffarmersinthegeneralpopulationincreasedslightlyinthe30yearsbetween1850and1880.BTherateofgrowthoftheUnitedStateslaborforceandtherateofgrowthofthegeneralpopulationrosesimultaneouslyinthe30yearsbetween1850and1880.CTheproportionoffarmersintheUnitedStateslaborforceremainedconstantinthe30yearsbetween1850and1880.DTheproportionoffarmersintheUnitedStateslaborforcedecreasedfrom64percentin1850to49percentin1880.ETheproportionoffarmersinthegeneralpopulationincreasedfrom68percentin1850to72percentin1880.2. Aten-yearcomparisonbetweentheUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnionintermsofcropyieldsperacrerevealedthatwhenonlyplantedacreageiscompared,Sovietyieldswereequalto68percentofUnitedStatesyields.Whentotalagriculturalacreage(plantedacreageplusfallowacreage)iscompared,however,Sovietyieldwas114percentofUnitedStatesyield.Fromtheinformationabove,whichofthefollowingcanbemostreliablyinferredaboutUnitedStatesandSovietagricultureduringtheten-yearperiod?AAhigherpercentageoftotalagriculturalacreagewasfallowintheUnitedStatesthanintheSovietUnion.BTheUnitedStateshadmorefallowacreagethanplantedacreage.CFewertotalacresofavailableagriculturallandwerefallowintheSovietUnionthanintheUnitedStates.DTheSovietUnionhadmoreplantedacreagethanfallowacreage.ETheSovietUnionproducedagreatervolumeofcropsthantheUnitedStatesproduced.Questions3and4arebasedonthefollowingreadingpassage.Forhotdesertlocationswithaccesstoseawater,anewgreenhousedesigngeneratesfreshwaterandcoolair.Orientedtotheprevailingwind,thefrontwallofperforatedcardboard,moistenedandcooledbyatrickleofseawaterpumpedin,coolsandmois-tenshotairblowingin.Thiscool,humidifiedairacceleratesplantgrowth;littlewaterevaporatesfromleaves.Thoughgreenhousesnormallycapturetheheatofsunlight,adouble-layeredroof,theinnerlayercoatedtoreflectinfraredlightoutward,allowsvisiblesunlightinbuttrapssolarheatbetweenthetwolayers.Thisheatedair,drawndownfromtheroof,thenmixeswiththegreenhouseairasitreachesasecondsea-water-moistenedcardboardwallatthebackofthegreenhouse.Theretheairabsorbsmoremoisture,whichthencondensesonametalwallcooledbyseawater,andthusdistilledwaterforirrigatingtheplantscollects.Forthefollowingquestion,considereachofthechoicesseparatelyandselectallthatapply.3. Itcanbeinferredthattheprocessdescribedinthepassagemakesuseofwhichofthefollowing?A ThetendencyofhotairtoriseB ThedirectionalmovementofwindC Thetemperaturedifferentialbetweentheseaandthedesert Forthefollowingquestion,considereachofthechoicesseparatelyandselectallthatapply.4. Itcanbeinferredthatthegreenhouseroofisdesignedtoallowforwhichofthefollowing?A TheavoidanceofintensesolarheatinsidethegreenhouseB TheentryofsunlightintothegreenhousetomaketheplantsgrowC ThemixtureofheatedairwithgreenhouseairtoenhancethecollectionofMoistureQuestions5to8arebasedonthefollowingreadingpassage.ManycriticsofEmilyBrontë’snovelWutheringHeightsseeitssecondpartasacounterpointthatcommentson,ifitdoesnotreverse,thefirstpart,wherearomanticreadingreceivesmoreconfirmation.Seeingthetwopartsasawholeisencouragedbythenovel’ssophisticatedstructure,revealedinitscomplexuseofnarratorsandtimeshifts.GrantedthatthepresenceoftheseelementsneednotargueforanauthorialawarenessofnovelisticconstructioncomparabletothatofHenryJames,theirpresencedoesencourageattemptstounifythenovel’sheterogeneousparts.However,anyinterpretationthatseeks