计算机专业英语教程课件完整共22units

2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程1计算机专业英语教程2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程2内容简介本书包含了大量与计算机专业基础、专业技术及专业前沿知识相关的英文资料，并根据知识点分成28课。分别讲述了计算机硬件基础、计算机系统结构、计算机软件思想、编程语言、计算机网络结构、电子商务应用、计算机图像与动画以及计算机领域的新技术等内容。每课内容相对独立，如数据结构、操作系统、无线网络、远程教育、人工智能、电子支付等。每课后均附有重点词汇、课文难点注释、练习、两篇与课文内容相关的阅读材料以及计算机专业英语中相关的语法知识讲述或专业术语介绍。书末附有练习答案，同时提供课文及第一篇阅读材料的参考译文。

2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程3目录

Unit1IntroductionofComputers

Unit2CPUandMemory

Unit3InputandOutputSystems

Unit4C++Language

Unit5OperatingSystem

Unit6DataStructure

Unit7DatabasePrinciple

2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程4目录Unit8PrinciplesofCompiler

Unit9SoftwareEngineering

Unit10MultimediaUnit11DistanceEducationUnit12ComputerGraphicsandImagesUnit13AnimationUnit14GridComputing2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程5目录Unit15DistributedSystemsUnit16ComputerNetworkBasicsUnit17InternetUnit18WirelessNetworkUnit19ComputerVirusUnit20OfficeAutomationUnit21VirtualReality2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程6目录Unit22ArtificialIntelligentUnit23NeuralNetworkUnit24IntroductionofElectronicCommerceUnit25ElectronicPaymentSystemUnit26LogisticsandSupply-chainmanagementUnit27ElectronicMarketingUnit28ComputerSecurity2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程7Unit1IntroductionofComputers1.1TextAcomputerisadigitalelectronicdataprocessingsystem.Digitalcomputerusesthebinarynumbersystem,whichhastwodigits:0and1.Abinaryiscalledabit.Informationrepresentedindigitalcomputersisingroupsofbits.2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程8ComputerDevelopment

TheFirstGenerationofComputers(1946through1959)TheSecondGenerationofComputers(1959through1964)TheThirdGenerationofComputers(1964through1971)TheFourthGenerationofComputers(1971throughnow)2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程9Computertypes

Microcomputerisgenerallyasynonymforthemorecommonterm,personalcomputer,orPC,whichisasmallsingle-usercomputerbasedonamicrocomputer.Workstationisapowerfulsingle-usercomputer.Mainframeormainframecomputerisapowerfulmulti-usercomputer.Minicomputerisamulti-usercomputerofasizebetweenamicrocomputerandamainframe.Supercomputerisanextremelyfastcomputerthatcanperformhundredsofmillionsofinstructionspersecond.2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程10DesktopComputers

Desktopcomputersaremodularsystemsthatmakeiteasytoaddorreplaceindividualpartstomeeteachuser’sparticularrequirements.Modulardesignalsomeansthatyoucantransfersomeoldpartstoyournewcomputerwhenyouroldfaithfulmachinethathasfinallybecomeobsolescent.Youcanimprovethecomputer’sperformancebyaddingnewcomponentsandreplacingexistingpartswithnewonesthathavefasterspeed,greatercapacity,ormorefeatures.2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程11Keywords

accommodate供应，适应，调节alphabet字母表arrangements安排，整理，约定compatibility兼容性，一致性configure配置conversion变化，转换discrete离散的，分立的eliminate消去，淘汰emergence出现，发生expansion扩展，扩大evolutionary发展，进化illustrator说明者instruction指令latch获得，抓住mainframe大型机2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程12Keywords

manufacturer制造商notable显著的，著名的obsolescent废弃，淘汰occupy占据，占用portable便携式的prominent突出的，重要的proprietary专有的，独占的reliable可靠的，确实的represent描述，表示revolutionary革命性的silicon硅socket插座，插槽transistor三极管vacuum真空2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程13Notes

[1]Byusingvariouscodingtechniques,groupofbitscanbemadetorepresentnotonlybinarynumberbutalsootherdiscretesymbols,suchasdecimaldigitsorletterofalphabet.译文：通过应用各种编码技术，字位的组合不但可以用来表示二进制数，还可以表示其它的离散符号，比如十进制数字和字母表上的字母等。说明：本句的“Byusingvariouscodingtechniques”作状语，主句采用被动语态。[2]Thetransistormeantmorepowerful,morereliable,andlessexpensivecomputersthatwouldoccupylessspaceandgiveofflessheatthandidvacuum-tube-poweredcomputers.译文：使用晶体管可做成功能更强、更可靠、更价廉的计算机，它与真空管计算机相比占地面积小，功耗小。说明：本句的“that”引导定语从句，修饰宾语“computers”。2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程14Notes

[3]Inadditiontothemicroprocessor,apersonalcomputerhasakeyboardforenteringdata,amonitorfordisplayinginformation,andastoragedeviceforsavingdata.译文：除了微型处理器，个人计算机还有输入数据的键盘、显示信息的显示器和存储数据的存储装置。说明：本句中的“Inadditiontothemicroprocessor”是状语，宾语是“keyboard”、“monitor”和“storagedevice”，宾语后的“for”结构是宾语补足语。[4]Desktopcomputersarethenaturalchoicewhenacomputerremainsinthesameplaceforallofitsworkinglife.译文：当一台计算机在它整个工作期间一直都被放在同一个地方时，台式计算机是一个理所当然的选择。说明：本句由“when”引导时间状语从句。2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程15Notes

[5]Inaddition,thecommonpartsspecificationsallowarepairshoptomaintainasmallerinventorybecausetheycanusethesamepartsinmanydifferentdesktopcomputermakesandmodels.译文：此外，一般的配件说明书中都允许维修车间维持较少的库存量，这是因为他们能够在不同的品牌和模型的台式计算机上使用相同的配件。说明：本句由“because”引导原因状语从句，“tomaintainasmallerinventory”作宾语补足语。2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程161.2ReadingMaterial1：

——MotherboardMotherboardisgenerallyrectangularcircuitboard.MotherboardisusuallycomposedofaCPUslot,anAGPslot,aCNRslot,fivePCIslots,threeDIMMslots,twoIDEinterfaces,afloppydriveinterface,twoserialports,oneparallelport,aPS/2keyboardinterface,aPS/2mouseinterface,twoUSBinterfaces,erasableBIOS,controlchipsetsandothercomponents.2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程17SoundCardandGraphics

Soundcardisaudiosoundcard.Itsbasicfunctionistoproduceandhandlevoicesignals,andthentransferthesignalstothespeakers.Graphicsworksmoreasacoprocessor.Itisrightforacceleratinggraphicsprocessingoperation,andtheCPUcanhandleothermoreimportanttasks.2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程18Keywordsaccelerate加速，促进attention注意，留意chassis机箱lever杠杆merely只，纯粹needle针，磁针orifice口，孔popularity普及，流行rectangular矩形的strictly精密地，严格地2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程191.3ReadingMaterial2：

——NotebookComputerHigherperformanceofCPUs,multimediatechnology,aswellasbiggermemoryandlarge-capacitysiliconchipsallowmanufacturerstoputinfancierthingsintonotebookcomputers.Thetrendofnotebookcomputersisasfollows:Fasterspeed.ProcessorsusedarenowusuallyfastCPUs.Largestoragecapacity.Multimediacapabilities.Tosupportmicrophones,headphones,video-performance,andCD-ROM.Easierinputmethods.Pen,voice,andspeechrecognitioninfuture.Built-indatacommunicationsupport.Networking,built-inmodern,evenwirelesssupport.2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程20Keywords

affordable负担得起的compromise折衷方案，调和fancier行家，空想家headphone头戴受话器，耳机innovation创新，革新interview协商，会谈intuitive直觉的，直观的返回2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程21Unit2CPUandMemory2.1TextTheCPUmeanstheCentralProcessingUnit.Itistheheartofacomputersystem.ACPUcanbeasinglemicroprocessorchip,asetofchips,oraboxofboardsoftransistors,chips,wires,andconnectors.TwomainperformancefactorsofCPUareclockrateandwordsize.2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程2264-bitProcessorsSixty-four-bitprocessorshavebeenwithussince1992,andinthe21stcenturytheyhavestartedtobecomemainstream.Sixty-four-bitprocessorshave64-bitALUs,64-bitregisters,64-bitbusesandsoon.2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程23MultiprocessingMultiprocessingreferstotheorganizationaltechniqueinwhichanumberofprocessorunitsareemployedinasinglecomputersystemtoincreasetheperformanceofthesysteminitsapplicationenvironmentabovetheperformanceofasingleprocessor.Multiprocessorsystemsmaybeclassifiedintofourtypes:SISD,SIMD,MISD,andMIMD.2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程24MemoryRAMandROMplayimportantrolesofstoragedevices.Computermemoryismeasuredinkilobytesormegabytesofinformation.CacheisanotherfactoraffectingCPUperformance.ItisspecialhighspeedmemorythatgivestheCPUmorerapidaccesstodata.2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程25Keywordsconstraint约束，强制力contribute贡献distinguish区别，辨别emit发射，发行independently独立地，任意地kilobyte千字节megahertz兆赫mainstream主流manipulate处理，控制performance性能2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程26Keywordspermanent永久的，不变的quadrillion千的五次幂，千万亿register寄存器respective分别的，各自的serially连续地，顺次server服务器simultaneously同时发生的specification规范，规格，说明tendency 倾向，趋势2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程27Notes[1]EveryprocessorcomeswithauniquesetofoperationssuchasADD,STORE,orLOADthatrepresenttheprocessor’sinstructionset.译文：每个处理器都有一个独特的诸如ADD、STORE或LOAD这样的操作集，这个操作集就是该处理器的指令系统。说明：本句的宾语是“operationssuchasADD,STORE,orLOAD”，“thatrepresenttheprocessor’sinstructionset”作定语，修饰宾语。2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程28Notes[2]Theclockratesetbythesystemclockdeterminesthespeedatwhichthecomputercanexecuteaninstructionand,therefore,limitsthenumberofinstructionsthatacomputercancompletewithinaspecificamountoftime.译文：系统时钟的频率决定了计算机执行指令的速度，因此限制了计算机在一定时间内所能执行的指令数。说明：这是一个并列句，主语是一个，“setbythesystemclock”作定语，修饰主语“Theclockrate”，谓语有两个“determines”和“limits”，“atwhichthecomputercanexecuteaninstruction”作定语，修饰宾语“speed”，而“thatacomputercancompletewithinaspecificamountoftime”也是定语，修饰“instructions”。2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程29Notes[3]Witha64-bitaddressbusandwide,high-speeddatabusesonthemotherboard,64-bitmachinesalsoofferfasterI/Ospeedstothingslikeharddiskdrivesandvideocards.译文：利用主板上的64位地址总线与宽的高速数据总线，64位机器还提供了硬盘驱动器、显示卡等的高速I/O速度。说明：本句的“Witha64-bitaddressbusandwide,high-speeddatabusesonthemotherboard”作状语，“tothingslikeharddiskdrivesandvideocards”是宾语补足语。2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程30Notes[4]Peopledoingvideoeditingandpeopledoingphotographiceditingonverylargeimagescanbenefitfromthiskindofcomputingpower.译文：这类计算功能对进行视频编码和进行超大图像照片编辑的人有好处。说明：本句的主语是并列的两个“people”，“doingvideoediting”修饰第一个“people”，“doingphotographiceditingonverylargeimages”修饰第二个“people”。[5]ThememoryunitisanessentialcomponentinanydigitcomputersinceitisneededforstoringtheprogramsthatareexecutedbytheCPU.译文：任何一台数字计算机都需要存储CPU所执行的程序，因此，存储器是计算机最重要的部件之一。说明：本句由“since”引导原因状语从句。2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程312.2ReadingMaterial1：

——HardDisksHarddiskswereinventedinthe1950s.Theystartedaslargedisksupto20inchesindiameterholdingjustafewmegabytes.Atypicaldesktopmachinewillhaveaharddiskwithacapacityofbetween10and40gigabytes.Dataisstoredontothediskintheformoffiles.2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程32Keywordsaluminum铝coil一圈，盘绕detach分开，脱离equalize均衡，调整incredibly惊人的。不可思议的platter圆盘seal密封，隔离tolerance忍受，耐性underneath在下面，在底部wedge楔，楔形2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程332.3ReadingMaterial2：

——RISCRISCprocessorsonlyusesimpleinstructionsthatcanbeexecutedwithinoneclockcycle.TheseRISC“reducedinstructions”requirelesstransistorsofhardwarespacethanthecomplexinstructions,leavingmoreroomforgeneralpurposeregisters.TheCISCapproachattemptstominimizethenumberofinstructionsperprogram,sacrificingthenumberofcyclesperinstruction.2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程34Keywordsappropriate合适的，适当的approximately接近地，近似地commercial商业上的，贸易的competitive竞争的，竞赛的foothold立足点operand操作数pipeline管线，管道predecessor祖先，前任，前辈primary 主要的，最初的sacrifice牺牲，损失返回2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程35Unit3InputandOutputSystems3.1TextUsinginputdevices,people“tell”thecomputerwhatitshoulddoandthecomputerfeedbacktheresultthroughoutputdevices.Inputandoutputdevicesaretheinterfacesofmanandmachine.2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程36KeyboardThekeyboardisusedtotypeinformationintothecomputerorinputinformation.Eachkeyonastandardkeyboardhasoneortwocharacters.Thestandardkeyboardhas101keys.Notebookshaveembeddedkeysaccessiblebyspecialkeysorbypressingkeycombinations.2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程37MouseThemostconventionalkindofmousehastwobuttonsonthetop:theleftoneisusedmostfrequently.Amouseconsistsofametalorplastichousingorcasing,aballthatsticksoutofthebottomofthecasingandrollsonaflatsurface,oneormorebuttonsonthetopofthecasing,andacablethatconnectsthemousetothecomputer.Thepositioningisrelativetosomestartingplace.2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程38CRTMonitorCRTmonitormeansacathoderaytubemonitor.Theyhavefivemaincomponents:electrongun,deflectioncoil,shadowmask,phosphorlayerandtheglasscasing.ClassicCRTuseselectronguntofirehigh-speedelectrons,andcontrolsthedeflectionangleofhigh-speedelectronsthroughverticalandhorizontaldeflectioncoils.2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程39LCDmonitorLCDisconstitutedbythetwoglasspanels,1mmthick,whichareseparatedby5

mevenspacingcontainingliquidcrystalmaterial.FortheLCDmonitorwithpicturestabilityandflicker-freesense,therefreshrateisnothigh,buttheimageisalsoverystable.2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程40I/OsubsystemorganizationandinterfacingEachI/Odeviceisconnectedtothecomputersystem’saddress,data,andcontrolbuses.EachI/OdeviceincludesI/Ointerfacecircuitry.Itisactuallythiscircuitrythatinteractswiththebuses.ThecircuitryalsointeractswiththeactualI/Odevicetotransferdata.2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程41Keywordsabsorption吸收，合并accessible容易理解的，能接近的chiaroscuro明暗对比法conventional常规的，约定的cursor光标deflection偏转，偏离electron电子embed嵌入，嵌进feedback反馈hierarchical等级的2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程42Keywordsinvalid无效的，无用的interface接口，界面layout布局millisecond毫秒phosphor荧光粉，磷光体phosphorescence荧光，磷光radiate发光，辐射shadow阴影，影像2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程43Notes[1]Amouseisasmalldevicethatacomputeruserpushesacrossadesksurfaceinordertopointtoaplaceonadisplayscreenandtoselectoneormoreactionstotakefromthatposition.译文：鼠标是一种小型的设备，用户可以在桌面上移动，以指向屏幕上的某个位置并从该位置选择一项或多项操作。说明：本句的“thatacomputeruserpushesacrossadesksurface”作定语，修饰宾语，“inorderto”引导目的状语。[2]Viewingthecursor’spresentposition,theuserreadjuststhepositionbymovingthemouse.译文：看到光标的当前位置后，用户可以移动鼠标再次进行调整。说明：本句的“Viewingthecursor’spresentposition”是状语，“bymovingthemouse”也是状语。2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程44Notes[3]WhentheelectrodesinLCDgenerateelectricfield,theliquidcrystalmoleculeshavebeendistorted,thusthelightthroughthemisregularlyrefracted,andthenthroughthesecondlayer’sfilter,itwillbedisplayedonscreen.译文：当LCD中的电极产生电场时，液晶分子就会产生扭曲，从而将穿越其中的光线进行有规则的折射，然后经过第二层过滤层的过滤在屏幕上显示出来。说明：本句是并列句，由“When”引导时间状语从句，“thus”引导的是结果状语，“andthenthroughthesecondlayer’sfilter”作状语，修饰并列句的第二部分。2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程45Notes[4]TheLCDmonitoralsoadoptsLCDcontroltransmittancetechnologicalprinciplesfortheoverallluminousfloor,soitisrealtythecompleteplane.译文：LCD显示器还采用液晶控制透光度技术的原理让底板整体发光，所以它真正是完全平面。说明：本句的“fortheoverallluminousfloor”是宾语补足语，“soitisrealtythecompleteplane”是结果状语。[5]Suchadevicerequiresacombinedinterfacethatisessentiallytwointerfaces,oneforinputandtheotherforoutput.译文：这样的设备需要一个组合接口，本质上是两个接口，一个用于输入，另一个用于输出。说明：本句的“that”引导定语从句。2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程463.2ReadingMaterial1：

——MouseAballinsidethemousetouchesthedesktopandrollswhenthemousemoves.Tworollersinsidethemousetouchtheball.Oneoftherollersisorientedsothatitdetectsmotioninthexdirection,andtheotherisoriented90degreestothefirstrollersoitdetectsmotionintheydirection.Therollerseachconnecttoashaft,andtheshaftspinsadiskwithholesinit.Whenarollerrolls,itsshaftanddiskspin.OneithersideofthediskthereisaninfraredLEDandaninfraredsensor.Anon-boardprocessorchipreadsthepulsesfromtheinfraredsensorsandturnsthemintobinarydatathatthecomputercanunderstand.2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程47Keywordsamazing令人惊异的complimentary互补型motion 移动，动作optical光学上的rotate轮流，旋转scene场面，场景，景色semiconductor 半导体wheel轮，轮状物2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程483.3ReadingMaterial2：

——USBAUSBsystemhasanasymmetricdesign,consistingofahostcontrollerandmultipledaisy-chainedperipheraldevices.Whenadeviceisfirstconnected,thehostenumeratesandrecognizesit,andloadsthedevicedriveritneeds.Theconnectorsaredesignedtoberobust.2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程49Keywordsasymmetric不对称的automatically自动的，机械的branching分支，分流diverge 分开，分岔enumerate枚举，列举，数explicit明确的，显而易见的legacy传统，老化的peripheral外围的，外设sheath护套，外壳，包装terminate结束，终止terminology术语，专门名词tongue 舌状物webcam 网络摄像机返回2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程50Unit4C++Language4.1TextC++isageneral-purposeprogramminglanguagewithhigh-levelandlow-levelcapabilities.Itisastaticallytyped,free-form,multi-paradigm,usuallycompiledlanguagesupportingproceduralprogramming,dataabstraction,object-orientedprogramming,andgenericprogramming.2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程51C++andCC++isoftenconsideredtobeasupersetofC,butthisisnotstrictlytrue.MostCcodecaneasilybemadetocompilecorrectlyinC++,butthereareafewdifferencesthatcausesomevalidCcodetobeinvalidinC++,ortobehavedifferentlyinC++.C++hasthesametypes,operators,andotherfacilitiesdefinedinCthatusuallycorresponddirectlytocomputerarchitecture.2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程52C++class

TheC++classisanextensionoftheCandC++structtypeandformstherequiredabstractdatatypeforobject-orientedprogramming.InaC++class,youcontrolfunctionaldetailsoftheobjectbyusingprivate,public,orprotecteddescriptors.TheC++classactuallyservesasatemplateorpatternforcreatingobjects.2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程53Keywordsabbreviate缩写，省略constructor建造者，建设者facility方便，简便，机构hierarchy等级，层次inheritance继承，承受interaction互动，交互，相互作用invoke引起，产生paradigm范例，示例polymorphism多态性2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程54Keywordsprototype原型，样板，标准semantics语义学statically静止地，静态地superset超集syntax语法template模板ultimately最终的，极限的vocabulary词汇，单词表2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程55Notes[1]Computers,ontheotherhand,processtheseinstructionsthroughusingspecialprograms,which,knownastranslators,candecodetheinstructionsfrompeopleandcreatemachine-languagecode.译文：另一方面，计算机通过使用专门的程序来处理这些指令，这些专门的程序就是我们所熟知的翻译程序，它能解码我们发出的指令并生成机器语言代码。说明：本句的“throughusingspecialprograms”是宾语补足语，“which”引导的是非限定性定语从句。2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程56Notes[2]High-levelprogramminglanguages,whilesimplycomparedtohumanlanguages,aremorecomplexthanthelanguagesthecomputeractuallyunderstands,whicharecalledmachinelanguages.译文：简单地与人类语言相比，高级程序设计语言比计算机实际识别的语言，也就是机器语言，复杂得多。说明：本句的“whilesimplycomparedtohumanlanguages”作状语，“thecomputeractuallyunderstands”作定语。修饰“languages”，“whicharecalledmachinelanguages”是非限定定语从句。[3]C++allowstheprogrammertocreateclasses,whicharesomewhatsimilartoCstructures.译文：C++允许程序员创建类，这有些类似于C中的结构。说明：本句中的“which”引导的是非限定性定语从句，修饰“classes”。2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程57Notes[4]Ifdataormethodsarecontainedinthepublicsection,theyareavailableoutsidetheclass.译文：如果数据或方法被包含在公共部分，它们在该类外部也可用。说明：本句由“If”引导条件状语从句。[5]Inheritanceisanimportantconceptsinceitallowsreuseofaclassdefinitionwithoutrequiringmajorcodechanges.译文：继承是一个重要概念，因为它使得无须对代码做大的改变就能重用类定义。说明：本句由“since”引导原因状语从句。2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程584.2ReadingMaterial1：

——TheWindowsProgrammingModelMessageprocessingTheWindowsgraphicsdeviceinterfaceResource-basedprogrammingDynamiclinklibrariesTheWin32applicationprogramminginterface2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程59Keywordsattach附上，使附属button按钮coordinate坐标，协调的，同等的dynamically动态地modularity模块性，积木性offer提供，提议reference参考，加注2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程604.3ReadingMaterial2：

——VisualBasicVisualBasicallowsyoutodoeventdrivenprogramming.VisualBasichasmanydifferenteventsdefinedthatoccurwhenaspecifiedthinghappens.Weastheprogrammercanlinkintotheseeventsandwriteourcustomcodetodowhatwewant.MsgBoxisabuilt-inVisualBasicfunctionthatcausesamessageboxtobedisplayedtotheuser.2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程61Keywordsambiguous含糊的，不明确的caption标题，题目control控件foundation基础，根本intrinsic本来的，内在的reusable可重用的sane合乎情理的，稳健的tutorial指导，辅导的variable变量，变换的返回2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程62Unit5OperatingSystem5.1TextOperatingsystemsarenormallyuniquetotheirmanufacturersandthehardwareinwhichtheyarerun.TheOScontrolshowtheCPUcommunicateswithotherhardwarecomponents.Italsomakescomputerseasiertooperatebypeoplewhodon’tunderstandprogramminglanguages.2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程63Theoperatingsystemhassomeprincipalfunctions

Allocatingandassigningsystemresources.Schedulingtheuseofresourcesandcomputerjobs.Monitoringcomputersystemactivities.ControlofI/Ooperations2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程64ThetypesofOSReal-timeoperatingsystem.Single-user,single-taskoperatingsystem.Single-user,multi-taskingoperatingsystem.Multi-useroperatingsystem.2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程65Keywordsactivate使活动，起动assignment分配，指定categorize把…分类community团体，共同组织compatible相容的，兼容的effectively有效地，实质上地extremely极端地，非常地navigation导航notify通知，通告oversee监督，监视precisely准确地，清楚地2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程66Keywordsprincipal主要的，重要的responsible有责任的retrieve检索，恢复schedule程序表，进度，计划separate分离，离开，隔开termination末端，终点undergo经受，经历undertake承担，承办vital重大的，紧要的2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程67Notes[1]Thoughoperationalsoftwarevarieswithmanufacturers,ithassimilarcharacteristics.译文：尽管各厂家的操作系统软件各不相同，但特性都是相似的。说明：本句的“Though”引导让步状语从句。[2]Theoperatingsystemdetermineswhichcomputerresourceswillbeusedforsolvingwhichproblemsandtheorderinwhichtheywillbeused.译文：操作系统决定调用解决某个问题所需要的计算机资源及资源的使用顺序。说明：本句的“which”引导宾语从句。2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程68Notes[3]TofacilitateexecutionofI/Ooperations,mostoperatingsystemshaveastandardsetofcontrolinstructionstohandletheprocessingofallinputandoutputinstructions.译文：为便于I/O的执行，大多数操作系统都有一套标准的控制指令集来处理所有输入输出指令。说明：本句的“TofacilitateexecutionofI/Ooperations”是目的状语，“tohandletheprocessingofallinputandoutputinstructions”作宾语补足语。2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程69Notes[4]Microsoft’sWindowsandApple’sMacOSplatformsarebothexamplesofsingle-user,multi-taskingoperatingsystemsthatwillletasingleuserforaWindowstoeditatextinawordprocessorwhiledownloadingafilefromtheInternetwhileprintingthetextofanE-mailmessage.译文：微软公司的Windows和苹果公司的MacOS平台都是单用户、多任务操作系统的例子。例如，Windows操作系统用户就完全可能做到一边从互联网上下载文件，一边打印电子邮件的信息，一边还在用文字处理器编辑文本。说明：这是一个长句，可以拆成两句。其中“bothexamples”作表语，“single-user,multi-taskingoperatingsystems”作表语的定语，由“that”引导定语从句，修饰“single-user,multi-taskingoperatingsystems”。2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程70Notes[5]Theoperatingsystemmustmakesurethattherequirementsofthevarioususersarebalanced,andthateachoftheprogramstheyareusinghassufficientandseparateresourcessothataproblemwithoneuserdoesn’taffecttheentirecommunityofusers.译文：多用户操作系统必须保证不同用户的需求的平衡，每一个用户所使用的程序有独立的足够的资源，这样一个用户的问题不会影响到整个用户群体。说明：本句有两个并列的由“that”引导的宾语从句，“sothat”引导的是目的状语从句。2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程715.2ReadingMaterial1：

——WindowsVistaWindowsVistaisthelatestgenerationofMicrosoft’soperatingsystem.Vista’sminimumsystemrequirementsaresignificantbutstillrelativelymodest.Theyconsistofa“modern”800MHzprocessor,512MBofRAManda20GBharddrive.WindowsVistaprovidesnewamazinggraphicsfunctions.2023/10/27计算机专业英语教程72Keywordsantiphishing反钓鱼软件boost帮助，促进，提高calendar日历confidently确信地，自信地drill操作，操练enhancement增强，增值，提高exclusively除外的，专有的gallery