江苏省高考英语阅读理解15篇

theirfield.Clareisaremarkablemusicianwhohasalready,attheageoffifteen,achievedthehighestmarkseverseenatSHSforgrade8violinandviola.Clare’smusicteacherValLinnemannsaysofClare,“Tome,oneofthemostoutstandingthingsaboutClareishertotalwillingnesstolistenandaskintelligentquestions.Sheispatientandgood-naturedandwillingtohelpwithotherplayers.”IfsheweretoreceiveanAmbitionAward,Clarehasplanstousethismoneytoenhance(增加)opportunitiesforothersthroughworkshops.Iftheygetenoughvotes,they’llmakethetopthreeinthecountryandbeonestepfurthertowardsthetopawards.Tovoteforthem,clickonthislink.60.TheAmbitionAXAAwardsaremeantfor________.A.anyonewhoisthebestinoneofthefivecategoriesB.thosewhoarelikelytobefuturestarsincertainfieldsC.somepupilswhohavewongreatsuccessincertainfieldsD.childrenwhohaveambitionsinallthefivecategories61.WecanconcludefromthepassagethatNatalieandClarearebothgirlswith________.A.belief,patienceandconfidence B.courage,curiosityandenthusiasmC.caution,sympathyandexperience D.ability,kindnessandachievements62.Themainpurposeofthepassageis________.A.tointroducetheAmbitionAXAAwardsB.totelluswhatthetwogirlshavedoneC.topersuadeustovoteforthetwogirls D.toinspiremorepeopletowintheawards5TheImportanceofSettingSpeechGoalsAspeechisawonderfulopportunitytoinform,persuadeorentertain.Thebestspeechesoftentakeonacombinationofallthreeofthesecomponents.However,beforeyoucangoaboutthewritingofagreatspeech,itisimportanttosetgoals.Goalskeepyou,yourspeechandyouraudiencefocused.WhatagoalisInthecontextofaspeech,agoalisthepurposeofthespeech,andwhatithopestoaccomplish.Forexample,thegoalofaeulogy(颂歌)mightbetocelebratethelifeofalovedone.Thegoalofaspeechatapoliticalgatheringwouldbetoinformthecrowdaboutthepoliticalpositionofacandidateandpersuadethemtovoteandcampaignforthecandidateinquestion.WhyagoalisimportantWithoutagoal,aspeechiswithoutdirection.Thegoalinformsthestructureandcontentofthespeech.Forexample,ifaspeech’sgoalistoconvincepeoplethatsmokingisbadforthem,thespeechwillbestructuredwithpersuasiveargumentstobackupthegoal.Aspeechwithagoalofinformingtheaudiencewillkeeptheinformationfairandfactual.Agoalisincrediblyimportanttothespeech’sabilitytoconnectwithanaudience.Ifthespeakerisunawareofthegoalofthespeech,theaudiencewilllikelybeunawareaswell.Thisseverelyreducestheeffectivenessofthemessage.Asidefrominformingtheaudienceofthecontentandstructure,aspeech’sgoaldrivesthespeakertogreaterheights.Ifaspeakerisaskedtospeakonaspecificsubject,butneverestablishesthegoal,theywon’tknowwheretostartintheresearch,organizingandwritingofthespeech.___________________________________Ifyouhavebeenchargedwith(被委以)deliveringaspeech,establishingagoalcanseemdifficultatfirst.Thereareseveralthingstotakeintoconsideration.First,thinkaboutwhoyouwillbespeakingto.Thedemographic(人口统计)ofyouraudiencewilllikelydeterminewhetheryouwillbeabletopersuadethem,orwhethertheywillbeabletositthrough.Second,thinkaboutthetopicitself.Ifthetopicissomethingcontroversial,itmayworthyourwhiletoconsideraninformativeapproachtopresentbothsidesoftheissue.Finally,consideryourresources.Aspeechwithaninformativeorpersuasivegoalusuallyrequiresagreatdealofresearch,andsometimestakesmoretimetowrite.63.Accordingtothepassage,whatthreecomponentsdoesthebestspeechcombine?A.Informing,deliveringandentertaining.B.Informing,persuadingandentertaining.C.Informing,writinganddelivering. D.Informing,writingandpersuading.64.Thegoalofaspeechatapoliticalgatheringmightbe_______.A.topersuadetheaudiencetovoteforacandidate B.tocelebratethelifeofapersonyouadmireC.toentertaintheaudiencewithhumorandmagic D.topersuadetheaudiencetobuynewproducts65.AllthefollowingindicatetheimportanceofaspeechgoalEXCEPTthat_______.A.aspeechwillloseitsdirectionwithoutagoalB.aspeechgoalcanhelpkeeptheaudienceawareofthespeechC.aspeechgoalcanhelpthespeakerknowabouttheresearch,organizingandwritingD.aspeechgoalmakesitpossibleforthespeakertoachievewhateverhewantsinlife66.Whichofthefollowingcanbefilledintotheblankasthesubtitleforthelastparagraph?A.Howtoachieveaspeechgoal B.HowtodeliveradifficultspeechC.Whattoconsidertoestablishagoal D.Whattoconsidertodeliveraspeech6Kepler22b,aplanetmorelikeEarththananyyetdiscovered,hasbeenidentifiedasapotentialfuturehomeformankind.Kepler22bcontainsbothlandandwaterandhastemperatureswhichaveragearound22℃.Italsocontainstherightatmospheretopotentiallysupportlife.Itis,however,600lightyearsfromEarth.Theplanet,whereayearlasts290days,wasfirstspottedtwoyearsago.However,NASAscientistsusingtheagency’sKeplerspacetelescopehavenowconcludedthatitoffersthebesthopeyetforfuturehumanhabitationoutsidetheSolarSystem.Oneofthekeystandardsforaplanettobehabitableisthatitremainsroughlytherightdistancefromitsmainstartobeneithertoocoldnortoohot.Thisrangeofidealtemperaturesisknowntoscientistsasthe“Goldilocks”zone,asthetemperatureis“justright”forlife.BillBorucki,KeplerprincipalinvestigatoratNASAAmesResearchCentre,said:“WehavenowgotgoodplanetconfirmationwithKepler22b.Wearecertainthatitisinthehabitablezoneandifithasasurfaceitoughttohaveanicetemperature.”Therearenowthreeplanetsoutsidethesystem,knownasexoplanets,whichexpertsbelievecouldpotentiallybecolonised(建殖民地)byfuturegenerations.InMay,FrenchastronomersidentifiedGliese581d,whichisfarcloserataround20lightyearsaway.Itisaboutsixtimesthemass(质量)ofEarthandisoneofafamilyofatleastsixplanets.InAugust,ateamfromSwitzerlandreportedthatanotherplanetcalledHD85512band36lightyearsawayseemedtobehabitable.TheplanetisintheconstellationofVela,measuringaround3.6timestheEarth’smass.Accordingtoanonlinecataloguethatindexesbodiesoutsideoursolarsystem,atotalof47exoplanetsandexomoonsarepotentialhabitablecandidatesbutnotenoughresearchhasbeendonetobesure.67.Whetheraplanetissuitableformankindtoliveondoesn’tdependon________.A.whethertherearepropertemperatures B.whetheritiscloseenoughtoEarthC.whetherthereisatmospherearoundit D.whetherthereislandandwateronit68.InwhatwayisKepler22blikeEarth?A.Itsmass. B.Itssize. C.Itsconditions.D.Itsshape.69.Itcanbelearntfromthepassagethat________.A.Kepler22bisclosertoEarththanGliese581dB.Kepler22bismostlikelytobehabitableofallC.Kepler22b’syearlastslongerthantheearth’sD.Kepler22b’smassisgreaterthanHD85512b’s70.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat________.A.thefartheraplanetisawayfromtheearth,themorelikelyitistobehabitableB.thelongerayearofaplanetlasts,thefartheritisawayfromtheSolarSystemC.thesmallermassaplanethasthantheearth,thelesspossiblythereiswateronitD.themorepotentialhabitableexoplanetsarefound,themoreresearchweshoulddo7Whohasn’tfoundthemselvesreachingfortheclosestfoodavailablewhenthey’retiredandstressed?Moreandmoreresearchisprovingthatthisisn’tallinourmind．Somefoodsreallydoleadtoachangeinourmoods(心情)．

Carbohydrate(碳水化合物)forcalmThisishowsomepeoplemedicatethemselveswithfood—byreachingforcookiesorpasta(意大利面食)wheneverthey’reupset．Unfortunately，itdoesn’talwayswork．Youmusteatamealconsistingof100％carbohydrate，onanemptystomach，toobtaintheserotonin(血清素)increasesothatyouhaveagoodmood．

Togetthewished-Foreffect．youmustnoteatanythingforfourhoursandtheneatatleast30gramsofstraightcarbohydrate．Drycereal(谷类食品)，apieceofbreadwithjam，orapotatoshoulddothetrick．

Protein(蛋白质)forpower

Ofcourse．sometimeswedon’tneedtobecalmandsleepy．Sometimesweneedagreatdealofmentalconcentration，sothisiswhenit’simportanttomixproteinandcarbohydrate．Theproteinwillpreventthetryptophan(色氨酸)fromfloodingyourbrain，andtheriseinserotoninwon’toccur．

Whydessertmakesushappy

Fatandsugarcausethebraintoletgoendorphins(内啡肽)，whichsendpleasuresignalsthroughoutthebody．Thiswouldbefine，excepthumansarenotparticularlygoodatstoppingatonecookieorcake．

Youcanalsosatisfyyoursweettoothbychoosingfruitfordessert．

Timingyourmealsforenergy

Bloodsugardropsafterfourhoursofgoingwithoutfood，causingadecreaseinenergy．Eatingusuallyfixesthiswithin20to30minutes，butdon’tsupposethateatingmorewillcauseafasterincreaseinenergy.

Whenyoueathasasmuchofaneffectonyourmoodaswhatyoueat.Ifyouregularlygoforalongperiodoftimebetweenmeals，rethinkyourscheduleandplanahead.(1)Theunderlinedphraseinthethirdparagraphmeans_________.A.beextremelysmartB.intendtocheatsomeoneC.bringaboutthedesiredresult

D.dosomethingtoamusepeople(2)Thefunctionofproteinis_________.A.tohelpyoukeepcalm-and-sleepyB.tomakeyoufeelenergeticC.toleadyoutoslownessD.toincreaseserotonininyourbrain(3)Wecaninferfromthelasttwopartsthat_________________.A.fatandsugarcangreatlyhelppeoplefeelhappyB.wehumanstendtoeatlotsofcookiesandcakesC.themoreweeat,thefasterwewillgainenergyD.whatweeatismoreimportantthanwhenweeat(4)Themainideaofthepassageis____________.A.eatingforabettermood

B.eatingtomakeyoucalmC.eatingformoreprotein

D.eatingtomakeusstrong8LookingbackonChina’sroadtoouterspace,peoplecaneasilyfindithasnotbeenverysmooth.Inthepastyears,Chinesepeoplehavemadehardanddeterminedeffortstorealizethedreamtheirancestorshadforthousandsofyears.

AfterChina’sfirstsatelliteintotheEarth’sorbitin1970camefourflightsofunmannedShenzhoumissionsfrom1999to2002.Thecountrycarriedoutitsfirstone-pilotedspaceflightin0ctober,2003,makingChinathethirdcountryintheworldtohaveindependenthumanspaceflightabilityaftertheSovietUnionandtheUnitedStates.ThencameanotherbreakthroughoilOctober12,2005,whenShenzhou6,China’s’secondhumanspaceflight,waslaunched,withacrewoftwoastronauts.What’smore,thelandmark(里程碑)spacewalkdonebyZhaiZhigang,oneofthethreeboardingShenzhou7,launchedonSept.25,2008,Leadsthecountryfurtherinitsspaceexploration.

Meanwhile,China’smoonexplorationproject,startedin2004,hasalsobeenprogressingsatisfactorily.FifryyearsaftertheSovietUnionlaunchedSputnik,theworld’sfirstmanmadesatellite,China’sfirstcircumlunar(绕月的)satelliteChang’eltookoffonOct.24,2007,whichbecameanothermilestoneinChina’sspaceachievementsafterthe.above-men-tionedmannedflights.Chang’elwasexpectedtofulfillfourscientificgoals,oneofwhichwastoprobe(探测)mineralelementsonthemoon,especiallythosenotexistentontheEarth.It’ssaidthatthe1unarregolith(月壤)isabundantinhelium-3,acleanfuelthatmaysupporttheEarth’senergydemandsformorethanacentury.Nearly3yearslater,Oct.1.2010witnessedtheblastingoffofChang’e2.China’s2ndunmannedlunarprobe,markinganotherstepforwardinmoonexploration.ThistimetheaimistotestthekeytechniquesofChang’e3andChang’e4,asapreparationforasoftlunarlandinginthefuture.

Withgreatexpectations,peopleallovertheworldarelookingforwardtoChina’sgreaterspaceachievements.(1)Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Chinasentitsfirstsatelliteintothemoon’sorbitin1970.B.ChinaisthethirdcountryinAsiatomakehumanspaceflight.C.Bynow,altogether5astronautshavemadesuccessfulspaceflightbyShenzhouspaceship.D.ThelaunchingofChang’elbecamethethirdmilestoneinChina’sspaceachievements.(2)Paragraph2mainlydealswithinformationaboutChina’s______________.A.landmarkspacewalk

B.mannedShenzhoumissionsC.firstcircumlunarsatellite

D.unmannedShenzhoumissions(3)Wecaninferfromthetextthat_______________.A.China’sroadtoouterspacehasnotbeenverysmoothforalongtimeB.thelunarregolithisbelievedtoberichinacleanfluecalledhelium-3C.China’slunarexplorationprojectwasstartedin2004andcompletedin2007D.China’sscientistsareresearchingintotechniquesforsoftlunarlanding(4)Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext.A.AncientChinese’sDreamB.China’sMajorSpaceAchievementsC.China’sMoonExplorationD.TheWorld’sGreatExpectations【解析】

这篇文章回顾了中国太空探索所取得的成就——神舟号载人飞行和嫦娥探月卫星的成功发射。(1)D正误判断题。根据第二段中的"firstone-pilotedspaceflightinOctober，2003"以及"ThencameanotherbreakthroughonOctober12,2005"，再结合第三段中的"Chang’e1...whichbecameanothermilestone..."可知"嫦娥一号"的成功发射是中国太空探索的第三个里程碑。(2)B段落大意题。该段主要介绍了第一次载人航天飞行以及“神舟六号”和“神舟七号”载人航天飞行，故选B项。(3)D推理判断题。A、B两项是直接信息，故排除。由文章倒数第二段最后一句内容可推知：中国科学家正在研究在月球上软着陆技术。(4)B主旨大意题。这篇文章围绕“神舟号载人飞行和嫦娥探月卫星发射”而展开，故B项作为标题最合适。9Ascientistturnsouttobeabletoseethefuturebyofferingeachofsomefour-year-oldsapieceofcandyandwatchinghowheorshedealswithit.Somechildrenreacheagerlyforthetreattheysee.Somelastafewminutesbeforetheygivein.Butothersaredeterminedtowaituntilthelastmoment.

Bythetimethechildrenreachhighschoo1,somethingremarkablehashappened.Asurveyfoundthatthosewhoasfour-year-oldshadenoughself-controltoholdoutgenerallygrewuptobemorepopular,adventurous,confidentanddependable.Thechildrenwhogaveintotemptation(诱惑)earlyweremorelikelytobelonely.easilyfrustratedandinflexible(顽固的).

Actually,theabilitytodelayrewardisasignofemotionalintelligencewhichdoesn’tshowuponanIQtest.

Thehardwareofthebrainandthesoftwareofthemindhavelongbeenscientists’concerns.Butbraintheorycan’texplainwhatwewonderaboutmost,likethequestionwhysomepeopleremainupbeatinthefaceoftroublesthatwouldsinkalessresistantsoul.

HerecomesthetheoryofDanielGoleman,writerofEmotionalIntelligence：whenitcomestopredictingpeople’sSuccess,brainabilitymeasuredbyIQmayactuallymatterlessthanthequalitiesofmindoncethoughtofas"character".

EQisnottheoppositeofIQ.Whatresearchershavebeentryingtounderstandishowtheyworktogether;howone’sabilitytohandlestress,forinstance,affectstheabilitytoconcentrateandputintelligencetouse.Amongtheingredients(要素)forsuccess,researchersnowgenerallyagreethatIQcountsforabout20％;therestdependsoffeverythingfromsocialclasstoluck.

Whilemanyresearchersinthisrelativelynewfieldaregladtoseeemotionalissuesfinallytakenseriously,somefewfearEQinvitesmisuse.（3)Theunderlinedword"upbeat"inParagraph4probablymeans______________.A.kind

B.floating

C.excited

D.optimistic(4)Whydoestheauthormentiontheexperimentatthebeginningofthetext?A.Toamuseboththechildrenandreaders.B.Toprovethescientist’swisdom.C.Tointroducethetopicofthetext.D.ToshowushowtodoanIQtest.(5)Whatismostlikelytobewrittenintheparagraphthatfollows?A.InformationaboutfamouspeoplewithhighEQ.B.ExamplesshowingtheoppositevoiceaboutEQ.C.SomereasonswhyEQisarelativelynewfield.D.Strongdemandsforbasicemotionaleducation.【解析】

这篇文章讲述了情商所起的重要作用、它与智商的关系以及人们应如何看待。(1)C推理判断题。从文章第二段的第二句可推出答案为C。(2)C正误判断题。从倒数第二段的第一句"EQisnottheoppositeofIQ."可知EQ和IQ并没有相对立的关系，由此可判断C项正确。(3)D猜测词义题。从画线词所在句后面的内容“困难可打倒意志不坚定的人”可猜测出"upbeat"是“乐观的”意思。(4)C写作意图题。文章从"makeanexperiment"入手，从而引出作者要谈及的话题EQ和IQ。(5)B文章结构题。从文章的最后部分"somefewfear.EQinvitesmisuse"可推出，下文最有可能谈及少数人对EQ持否定态度的例子。10Lastweekend,20,000peoplegatheredinthestateofGeorgiatowatchstudentsfrom28countriescompetewithrobotstheybuilt.Morethantenthousandstudentsandmorethanfivehundredrobotstookpartinthecompetition.

ThestudentsandtheirrobotscompetedattheFIRSTChampionshipattheGeorgiaDomeinAtlanta.FIRSTistheshortwayofsayingtheorganization’scompletename：ForInspirationandRecognitionofScienceandTechnology.

Almost1.700highschoolteamsenteredalevelofcompetitioncalledLUNACY.

InJanuary,theorganizationsentsuppliesforrobotstoeachteam.TheteamshadsixweekstobuildrobotsthatcouldcompeteintheLUNACYgame.Theplayingareahadsixrobots,threeoneachteam.Eachrobothadanothervehicle,ortrailer(拖车)，connectedtoit.Therobotshadtopickup1argeballsandthrowthemintothetrailersofopposingrobots.Therobotsweremovingonasurfacewheretheycouldslide.Analliance(联盟)ofteamsfromCalifornia，IllinoisandMichiganwontheLUNACYcompetition.

Asecondcompetitioninvolvedbuildingarobotthatcouldtravelonunevensurfaces,moveobjectswithunusualshapesandresistphysicalstress.

Anothercompetitionwasforyoungerstudents，agedfrom9to14.Theyhadtodesign.buildandprogramrobotstoexploretheEarth’sclimate.

AmericaninventorDeanKamenstartedFIRSTin1989.Theorganizationholdsrobotcompetitionsaroundtheworld.Itoffersprogramsthathelpyoungpeoplelearnmore"aboutscience，technology，engineeringandmathematics，whichbuildlifeskills.Manycompaniesprovidesupporttotheorganization.

MisterKamensaysthegoalisaboutmorethanbuildingrobots.Hesaysthestudentcompetitorsshowedtheycoulddealwithdifficulttechnologicalproblems.And.1lesaysthatisgoodnewsbecausetheworldneedscreativethinkerstohelpwithincreasinglycomplexproblemsinthefuture.(1)TheRobotCompetitionwasorganizedby_________．A．thestateofGeorgiaB．anorganizationnamedFIRSTC．AmericaninventorDeanKamenD．somecompaniesfromCalifornia(2)TherobotsintheLUNACYgameareableto_______．A．travelonunevensurfacesB．exploretheEarth’sclimateC．throwballsintothetrailersD．moveobjectswithdifferentshapes(3)ThemainpurposeofFIRSTisto_______．A．attractmorecompaniestosupportthemB．helpstudentsunder8tobeinterestedinscienceC．teachstudentshowtobuildrobotsonthespotD．helpyoungpeoplelearnscienceaswellaslifeskills(4)Theunderlinedword"that"inthelastparagraphreferstoA．thegoalofbuildingrobotsB．thestudents’abilitytodealwithtechnologicalproblemsC．thegoalofthestudentcompetitorsD．somethingabouttechnologicalproblems【解析】在美国的佐治亚州举办的机器人比赛吸引了来自不同国家的众多选手的参与，组织者希望通过这样的比赛提升年轻人的科学知识，培养生活技能，为未来攻克复杂问题做准备。(1)B细节理解题。根据第二段后半部分中的内容可知机器人比赛是由—个名叫FIRST的组织举办的。(2)C细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第三句中的内容可知这次比赛中的机器人要能够把球扔进对抗机器人的拖车中。(3)D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第三句中的内容可知这个组织的主要目的是帮助年轻人学习科学和生活技能。(4)B代词指代题。此处承接的是上一句中的内容，根据上一句后半部分中的内容可知此处that指的是学生处理技术问题的能力。11Whydomenliveashorterlifethanwomen?Thelatestresearchindicatesthatmen’sheartsgoingintoarapiddeclinewhentheyreachmiddleagecouldbethecause.Theresearchofageingonthehearthasshownthatwomen’slongevitymaybelinkedtothefactthattheirheartsdonotlosemuchpumpingpowerwithage.

“Wehavefoundthatthepowerofthemaleheartfallsby20percent-25percentbetween20and70yearsofage,”saidtheheadofthestudy,SamanthaofLiverpoolJohnMooresUniversityintheUK.

“Withinthehearttherearemillionsofcellswhichmakeitbeat.Betweentheagesof20and70,one-thirdofthosecellsdieandarenotreplacedinmen,”saidSamantha."Thisispartoftheageingprocess."

Whatamazesscientistsisthatthefemaleheartsuffersverylittlelossofthesecells.Ahealthy70-year-oldwoman’sheartcouldworkalmostasperfectlyasa20-year-oldone’s.

“Thisgender(性别)differencemightgivethereasonwhymenliveshorterthanwomen.”saidSamantha.Theystudiedover250healthymenandwomenbetweentheagesof17and80,whoaremainlyhealthypersonssoastoreducetheinfluenceofdisease.“Theteamhasyettothinkaboutwhyageingsuffersagreaterlossonthemaleheart.”saidSamantha.

Butthereisalsogoodnews—mencanenjoythehealthoftheirheartswithregularexercise.Samanthastressedthatwomenshouldalsotakeregularexercisetostoptheirlegmusclesgettingweakerastheyage.【解析】

本文介绍了一项科学研究的结果：男人比女人寿命短主要是男人的心脏细胞在20岁到70岁之间损失掉三分之一，因而心脏的能力降低了20％—25％，而女人的心脏细胞在这一年龄阶段损失得很少。(1)B猜测词义题。根据第一段的第一句话"Whydomenliveashorterlifethanwomen?"可推知"longevity"的意思足“长寿”。(2)D主旨大意题。本文探讨了男人比女人寿命短的主要原因，那就是与心脏细胞数量的减少有关。男人的心脏细胞在20岁到70岁之间会丧失三分之一，因而心脏的能力降低了20％—25％，而女人的心脏细胞在这个年龄阶段几乎没有丧失。因此，本文的中心话题是心脏与长寿。(3)C细节理解题。根据第五段的第一句"Whatamazesscientistsisthatthefemaleheartsuffersverylittlelossofthesecells”可知答案为C。(4)C细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容可知，男人经常进行锻炼可以拥有健康的心脏，女人经常进行锻炼可以抵制腿部的肌肉衰弱无力。因此，要想长寿，就要积极锻炼。12CHICAGO(Reuters)—Smokingnotonlycanwrinkle(起皱纹)thefaceandturnityellow—itcandothesametothewholebody.researchersreportedonMonday.Thestudy，publishedintheArchivesofDermatology,showsthatsmokingaffectstheskinalloverthebody—eventheskinprotectedfromthesun.

"Weexaminednon-facialskinthatwasprotectedfromthesun,andfoundthatthetotalnumberofpacksofcigarettessmokedperdayandthetotalyearsapersonhassmokedwerelinkedwiththeamountofskindamageapersonexperienced."Dr.YolandaHelfrichoftheUniversityofMichigan,wholedthestudy,saidinastatement.

"Inparticipantsolderthan65years,smokershadsignificantlymorefinewrinklingthannonsmokers.Similarfindingswereseeninparticipantsagedfrom45to65years,"Helfrich’steamaddedintheirreport.

Theresearcherstested82people,smokersandnonsmokers,takingpicturesoftheinnerfightalms.Theyrangedinagefrom22to9landhalfweresmokers.Independentjudgesdecidedhowwrinkledeachperson’sskinwas.

Whenskinisexposedtosunlight,notablytheface,itbecomescoarse.wrinkledanddiscoloredwithapaleyellowtint.Helfrich’steamwrote.

Severalpreviousstudieshavefoundthatcigarettesmokingcontributestopremature(过早的)skinagingasmeasuredbyfacialwrinkles,thestudysaid,butlittlehasbeendonetomeasuretheagingofskinnotexposedtolight.

Thereportdidnotdiscussthemechanisminvolvedbutpreviousresearchhasfoundthatcigarettesmoke,amongotherthings,causesbloodvessels(血管)beneaththeskintoconstrict(紧缩),reducingbloodsupplytotheskin.

Smokingcanalsodamagetheconnectivetissuethatsupportsboththeskinandtheinternalorgans.(1)Whenyourskinisexposedtosunlightlong,itbecomesallofthefollowingbut______.A.flexible

B.coarse

C.wrinkled

D.discolored(2)Howwrinkledaperson’sskinisdoesn’trelateto______.A.thenumberofcigarettesapersonsmokesB.thekindandcharacteristicsofskinC.howlongapersonsmokesD.howlongskinisundersunlight(3).Fromthepassagesmokingresultsinskinagingmainlybecause______________.A.itwilllowerbloodsupplytoskinB.itcanmakeyoufeeltiredC.itcanmakeskincomeoffD.itcanmakebloodrunfaster(4)Themainpurposeofthepassageisto__________________.A.informpeopleabouttheresultofthestudyB.advisepeoplehowtoprotectskinC.warnpeoplenottosmokeagainD.introduceanewwayofavoidingskinaging【解析】研究表明，吸烟对皮肤的危害极大，如加快皮肤衰老，改变皮肤颜色等。才外，还会破坏结缔组织。不知种种触目惊心的研究结果是否能给广大烟民敲响警钟？(1)A细节理解题。根据倒数第四段中的内容可知当皮肤长时间暴露在阳光下时，皮肤不会变得“柔韧”。(2)B细节理解题。文章中没有提到皮肤起皱纹的程度与皮肤的种类和特征有关。(3)A细节理解题。倒数第三段提到抽烟会让皮肤过早衰老，下一段中提到抽烟使皮肤下的血管紧缩，减少血液对皮肤的供应，由此可知抽烟导致皮肤衰老的主要原因是降低了血液对皮肤的供应量。(4)C写作目的题。文章阐述了吸烟的种种危害，触目惊心，目的显然是警告人们不要再抽烟了。13Environmentalistssaidourplanetwasdoomedtodie.Nowonemansaystheyarewrong.

"Everyoneknowstheplanetisinbadshape,"thunderedamagazinearticlelastyear.Species（物种）arebeingdriventodieoutatrecordrates,andtheriversaresopoisonousthatfisharefloatingonthesurface,dead.

Butthere'sagrowingbeliefthatwhateveryonetakesforgrantediswrong:thingsareactuallygettingbetter.Anewbookisabouttooverturnourmostbasicassumptionsabouttheworld'senvironment.Rivers,seas,rainandtheatmosphereareallgettingcleaner.Thetotalamountofforestsintheworldisnotdeclining.TheSkepticalEnvironmentalistbyBjornLomborg,professorofstatisticsattheUniversityofAarhusinDenmark,isanattackonthemisleadingclaimsofenvironmentalgroups,andthe"badnews"culturethatmakespeoplebelieveeverythingisgettingworse.

Nowtheattacksareincreasinglycoiningfromleft-wingenvironmentalistssuchasLomborg,aformermemberofGreenpeace.Theaccusationisthat,althoughtheenvironmentisimproving,greengroups—withprofitsofhundredsofmil-lionsofpoundsayear—areusingscaretactics(谋略)togaindonations.Lomborg'sbookdoesn'tdenyglobalwarming—probablythebiggestenvironmentalthreat—butdestroysalmosteveryotherenvironmentalclaimwithmanyofficialstatistics.

TheWorldwatchInstituteclaimsthat"deforestationhasbeenacceleratingoverthelast30years".ButLomborgsaysthatissimplyrubbish.Sincethedawnofagriculturetheworldhaslostabout20percentofitsforestcover,butinrecentdecadestheforestarea'sdepletinghascometoastop.AccordingtoUNfigures,theareaofforestshasremainedalmoststeady,atabout30percentoftotallandarea,sincethe1940s.ForestsincountriessuchastheUS,theUKandCanadahaveactuallybeenexpandingoverthepast40years.DespiteallthewarningstheAmazonrainforesthasonlyshrunk（缩小）byabout15percent.

Norareallourspeciesdyingout.Somecampaignersclaimthat50percentofallspecieswillhavediedoutwithin50years.Butotherstudiesshowonly0.08percentofspeciesaredyingouteachyear.Conservationeffortshavebeensuccessful.Whalesarenolongerthreatenedandthebaldeagleisofftheendangeredlist.

Environmentalgroupsclaimthatmanyoftheimprov