第三讲 英语构词法 2021-2022学年初高中衔接学案

《初高中衔接点津》第三讲【语言知识概要】I．词汇搜索match practise factory manager dictionarybuildingmany healthyfavouritebirthdayidea invite show time finish differenthabit present never usually choosethousand moreconnectfinally document nextagain download informationII．单词拼写英语 学生 老师 医院 十二 父母 喝 周四 价格 周末 III．短语填空1．…怎样；…如何what … 2.看电视television3.弹钢琴thepiano 4.呆在家stay 5.很高兴见到你niceyou6.起床7.喜欢，乐意woulddosth.8.那真是好主意That’s9.欢迎来北京 Beijing 10.一次动物园之旅atrip thezooIV．语法扫描英语构词法英语构词法主要有三种：合成、派生与转化。另外缩写和简写也是构词法的一种。１.合成：有两个或更多的词合成一个词。（1）复合名词class+room=classroom(名词+名词)black+board=blackboard(形容词+名词)（2）复合形容词warm+heart+ed=warmhearted热心肠的good+look+ing=good-looking相貌好看的world+wide=worldwide世界性的hard+working=hard-working努力工作的（3）复合动词over+come=overcome克服(副词+动词)（4）复合数词fifty+four=fifty-four（5）复合代词everyone,somebody,anything,nobody(不定代词+名词)（6）复合副词down+stairs=downstairs在楼下(形容词+名词)whole+heartedly=wholeheartedly全神贯注地(副词+副词)2.派生是通过在词根上加前缀或者后缀构成一个新词。Happy—unhappydevelop—development（1）前缀一般只引起意思上的变化而不造成词类的变化，只有少数能引起词类的变化。mis-错误的+understandv.理解—misunderstandv.误解en+largeadj.大的—enlargev.扩大（2）后缀一般只引起词性上的变化而不造成意思的变化。carev.照料—carefuladj.细心的workv.工作—workern.工人（3）常见前缀归纳：①表示否定的前缀：un-unfair,unhappynon-nonsmoker(常用在n.adj.adv.前)in-inactive(常用在adj.后)dis-disagree,disappearim-impolite,impossible(用在b，p，m开头的词前)②表示错误或过失的前缀:mis-misunderstand,misdirect(误导)③表示两个,双边的前缀：bi-bicolor(双色的),bicycle④表示相互,交互,在一起的前缀inter-interview,international,internet⑤表示又,再,重新的前缀re-review,return,rewrite⑥表示远的前缀tele–telephone,television（4）常见后缀归纳①动词变名词：-tioneducation,invitation,prediction-mentdevelopment,movement,disappointment-erteacher,worker,runner,singer-orvisitor,sailor,tutor,actor-ist(人,名词后缀)scientist,terrorist-ese(民族,语言,名词后缀)Chinese,Japanese②形容词变名词-nesshappiness,meanness,carelessness-ityability,possibility③名词变形容词：-ywindy,rainy,healthy,funny,cloudy-ishfoolish,feverish-somehandsome,troublesome-ousdangerous,humorous-fulhelpful,careful,peaceful,colorful-lesshomeless,helpless,careless-edsurprised,balanced,talented-inginteresting,outstanding-altraditional,international,natural④名词、形容词变动词：-ifybeautify,simplify-izerealize,modernize-enquicken,widen,sharpen3.转化：是指一种词类转化为另一种词类。单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切.watern.水——watervt.浇水常见的转化形式几种：（1）动词——名词stopv.停止——n.车站lovev.爱——n.爱watchv.观看——n.手表lookv.看——havealookn.看walkv.散步,走——takeawalkn.散步lovev.爱——yourloven.爱（2）名词——动词handn.手——vt.上交seatn.座位——vt.坐nursen.护士——vt.护理oiln.油——vt.上油timen.时间——vt.定时，测时shown.展览,展示—vt.表演,演出（3）形容词----动词slow(adj.慢的)——slow(v.放慢)open(adj.开着的)——open(v.开)４.缩写和简写:缩写和简写(也被称为截断法或缩短法)主要采取:“截头”,“去尾”或者“既截头又去尾”的方法生成新词.telephone—phoneairplane—planelaboratory—labmathematics—mathadvertisement—adexamination—exam另外还有许多缩写词是由各个单词的首字母组成.CD(compactdisk)CCTV(ChinaCentralTelevision)NBA(NationalBasketballAssociation)UFO(unidentifiedflyingobject)UN(UnitedNations)ID(identification)USA(UnitedStatesofAmerica)构词法巩固练习1.Thatmanwas________enoughnottotellthemanagerthathewouldnotdothejob.A.care B.careful C.careless D.carelessness2.Thesoldierdiedforsavingthechild，sohis________isheavierthanMountTai.A.die B.dead C.died D.death3.Thechildlooked________athisbrotherwhowasbadlywounded.A.sadly B.sad C.happily D.happiness4.Heisanexpertatchemistry.Weallcallhima________.A.chemistry B.chemical C.chemist D.physician5.The________chairisn’tsuitableforayoungchild.Hemayfalloff.A.three-leggingB.three-legged C.three-legs D.three-legged6.Stephensonbecamethe________railwayengineerintheworld.A.lead B.leader C.leading D.leadership7.Whentheteacherpraisedhimforworkingoutthemathsproblem，Jacklooked________aboutathisclassmates.A.proud B.proudly C.pride D.pridely8.Toeveryone’s________，thegirlfinishedthejobquitewell.A.satisfied B.satisfactoryC.satisfying D.satisfaction9.—Whatareyoudoinghere?—Oh，myteacheraskedmetowriteapassageabout________inEnglish.—Youcanwrite________passageinEnglish?A.600words；a600-words B.600-word；a600-wordsC.600words；a600-word D.600words；a600-words10.Nooneshouldenterthespotwithoutthe________ofthepolice.A.permit B.permission C.permitting D.permittence11.Youmustcomewithustothepolice________.Ourheadiswaitingforyou.A.headquarters B.headline C.headmaster D.headache12.Lettingthatanimalescapewasnoaccident；youdidit________.A.intend B.intention C.intentionally D.intentional13.Theshopownerwelcomedalltheguestswitha________smile.A.practice B.practise C.practical D.practiced14.The________orderedhimtopaya$100fine.A.judger B.judgment C.judge D.judgement15.MyTVisoutoforder.Canyoutellmewhatisthe________newsaboutIraqWar?A.lately B.latest C.later D.latter【语言技能引领】I．句型转换1.Sheis14yearsold.(划横线部分提问) isshe?2.Thebookisnexttothebox.(转换成一般疑问句) thebooknexttothebox?3.Myfavouritefoodisfish.(划横线部分提问) favouritefood?4.Thereisabookonthedesk.(单数转换成复数)____onthedesk.5.TomcanspeakChinese.(转换成一般疑问句) TomChinese?II．根据汉语意思完成英语句子1.你好,我名叫李明,我今年15岁.Hello, isLiMingand 15yearsold.2.你家里有多少人? people thereinyourfamily?3.夏天里天气如何？ istheweather inSummer?4.你乐意同我一起玩游戏吗？ you playgameswithme?主意不错. agoodidea.III．根据短文意思，用方框内所给单词的正确形式填空flyexpenseyearseaweatherbeheatcoldinternetdayLifeinthefuturePlaneswillbeverylargeso1willbeverycheap.Fuelwillbe2.Everyonewillhaveasmallcar.Itwillbehotall3sothewinterwillbeveryshort.ItwillgetwarmattheNorthPolesothe4willbeveryrough.Thesummerwillbehotandthewinterwillbewarm.Buttherewillbebad5inspringandautumn.There6heavyrainandstrongwinds.Homeswillbewarminwinterandcoolinsummer,sothey’llbeverycomfortable.We’llusethesun7__ourhomes.Noonewill8andthere’llbelotsofhotwater.Computerswillbeverysmallsothey’llbeverylight.Peoplewilldomanythingsonthe9.Machineswilldothedulljobsonfarmsandinfactoriesandoffices,sonoonewilldoheavywork.Peoplewillworkthree10aweek.They’llhavelongholidaysandlotsoffreetime.【学习策略指导】语言学习是知识不断积累的过程，记忆与背诵是积累知识的重要方法。没有记忆与背诵，很难形成知识的积累。词汇记得越多对你掌握语言越有帮助。你应多接触、多复习、多记忆以减少遗忘。还要根据自己的记忆特点，不断改进自己的记忆方法，提高记忆的效率。Constantsuccessmakesahappylife.Iwillbetotallyresponsibleformyfuture!第三讲答案II．单词拼写E