2018年6月英语六级真题（卷三）

年6月大学英语六级考试真题(第3套）PartIDirections:Forpart,youareallowed30minuteswriteanessaycommentingonimportanceofbuildingbetweenbusinessconsumers.canexamplesillustrateyourshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)（说明：由于2018年6月六级考试全国共考了2套听力，本套真题听力与前2套内容完全一样，只是顺序不一样，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。）PartIIIReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:Inthissection,thereapassagetenblanks.arerequiredselectonewordforeachblankfromaofchoicesgivenawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoicethebankidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachonAnswer2athroughthecentre.maynotuseanyofthewordsthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonfollowingpassage.WhenElonMusksaysthathisnewpriorityisusingartificialintelligencetobuilddomesticrobots,weshouldlookforwardtothedayinadmiration.Mr.Muskisawhogetsthingsdone.Thefounderoftwotechcompanies,TeslaMotorsandSpaceX,isbringingelectricvehiclestomarketand26humanstoonotherplanets.Thissoundssomuchhotair,butthenear$13billionfortunethisentrepreneurhas27comesfrompracticalachievementsratherthanhypotheticalones.Alotofcleverpeopleare28aboutartificialintelligence,fearingthatrobotswillonedaybecomeso29thatthey’llmurderallofus.Thesefearsaremostly30:aswithhysteriaaboutgeneticmodification,wehumansaregenerallywiseenoughtomanagetheseproblemswithspeedandcare.Andjustthinkofhowwonderfulitwouldbeifhadalive-inrobot.could,31,behavingababysitterandanurserolledintoone--or,ifthatrequired32intelligencebeyondthepowerofMr.Musk’simaginedmachine,atleastsomeonetochopthecarrots,washthecarandthelawn.Oncepurchasedandtrained,thiswouldallowthe33usertosavemoneyandtime,freeingup34spaceinourbusylivestoreadagoodbook.ThatiswhywewelcomeMr.Musk’slatest35,andwishhimwell.Aslongasrobotsaddtothesumofhumanhappiness,reducesuffering,andcreatetimetoreadworld-classjournalism,weshouldbetheirfans.Especiallysincejournalismisonejobrobotswillneverdo.A).amassedemotionaleventuallyG).extravagantI).misleadingrewardcasualenablingexaggeratedgenerouslyJ).precioussmartsphereN).terrifiedO).venture第1页SectionBDirections:Insection,youaregoingreadapassagetenstatementsattachedEachstatementcontainsinformationgivenoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationderived.maychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphmarkedaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Inrealworld,nobodycaresthatyoutoanIvyLeagueschoolAsaschooljunior,everythingmyrevolvedaroundgettingintothecollege.IdiligentlyattendedmySAT,andAdvancedPlacementtestpreparationcourses.Ijuggled（尽力应付）cross-countryandtrackschedules,newspaperstaff,andmychurch’syouthgroupanddramaIdidn’tdrink,party,orevendodating.Thecollege,Ithought,wasoneprestige,oneaname.Itdidn’thavebetheLeague,butneededbe“topschool.”Lookingbacknow,nineyearslater,Ican’trememberexactlywhatwasabouttheseuniversitiesthatthemseemsobetter.acurriculumthatappearedrigorous,perhaps？OranalumninetworkthatIhopedwouldopendoorsdowntheline？Maybe.“Idothinkthereareadvantagesschoolsmorerecognition,”notesMarybethGasman,aprofessorofhighereducationattheUniversityofPennsylvania.“Idon’tnecessarilythinkthat’sareasonone.”[Inreflection,myfirmbeliefthepowerofthebrandwasnaive,notmentionabitsnobby.Iquicklypassedoverstateschoolsandsouthernschools,believingtheircurriculumbeautomaticallyinferiornortheasternorwesterncounterparts.Instead,IdreamedoflivingNewYorkandmyparentsobligedmeavisitNewYorkUniversity’s（NYU）campus.Duringthetour,tuitionfeeswerediscussed.（NYUconsistentlyrankedoneofthecountry’smostexpensiveschools,roomandboardcoststotalingupwardsof$64,000ayear.）Upuntilthen,Ihadn’ttrulyrealizedjusthowexpensiveaneducationcanbe.thenextfewmonths,IrealizednotonlycouldInotafforddreamschool,Icouldn’tevenaffordtheoneswhereI’dbeenaccepted.UniversityofNewYork（CUNY）,RutgersUniversity,andIndianaUniversitywereoutofreachaswereMississippiStateandtheUniversityofAlabama,whereIwouldhavepayout-of-statefees.Furthercomplicatingmycollegesearchwasaflourishingstackcareer—Iwantedkeeprunningbutmytimesweren’tquitefastenoughsecureascholarship.[Andso,at11pmonthenightofGeorgiaUniversity’s（GSU）midnightdeadline,Iappliedonline.RatedNo.466overallonForbes’TopColleges,No.183ResearchUniversities,andNo.108theSouth,Ican’tsaywasmytopchoice.Still,thetrackcoachhadofferedawalk-onspot,andIactuallyfoundtheurbanAtlantacampusadecentconsolationafterNewYorkCity.[mayhavebeenpractical,wasn’tprestigious,Buthere’sthething：Ilovedmy“lower-tier”（低层次的）university.（Iusetheterm“low-tier”cautiously,becauseawell-regardedresearchinstitutionthatattractsqualityprofessorsandfacultyfromalloverthecountry.）aretaughtbelievethatonlybygoingthebestschoolsandgettingthebestgradescanweescapetheratraceandbuildabetterfuture.Butwhatlower-tiercollegesanduniversitiesweretheticketescapingtheratrace？Afterall,whereelsecanleaveschooladecentdegree—butwithoutalifetimeofdebt？[Iwasluckyenoughtohavetuitioncoveredbyalottery-fundedscholarshipcalledHOPE（HelpingOutstandingPupilsEducationally）WhenIstartedcollege,theHOPEscholarshipwasfundedbythestateofGeorgiaandofferedtograduatingschoolseniorswithaGPAof3.0orhigher.LivingcostsandbooksIpaidforwithmoneyearnedduringhighschool,supplementedbyasmallcollegefunddeceasedgrandfatherleftforandamodestsavingsaccountparentscreatedwhenIwasborn.[Sowhataboutallthatrecognition？Sure,manyofcolleaguesandcompetitorshavemoreglamorousalmamaters（母校）thanIdo.Asajournalist,IhavecompetedagainstNYU,Columbia,andNortheasterngraduatesforjobs.Andyet,notasingleinterviewerhaseveraskedabout第2页educationalbackground.fact,almosteveryintervieweverhadwasduetoaconnection—onethatgainedthroughpuredetermination,notaschoolbrand.[AccordingtoTheBostonGlobe,studentswhoearnedtheirbachelor’sin2012haveanaveragemonthlyloanpaymentof$312,whichisone-thirdthanthosewhograduatedin2004.Ultimately,that’sthethinguniversitiesdon’twanttoadmit.Privateuniversitiesaremoney-makinginstitutions.canaffordtobuyprestige,that’syourchoice.Fortherestofus,however,ourheartylower-tiereduniversitiesarejustfine,thankyou.Wealthyuniversitiestalkupthebenefitstheirwillgivegraduates；namely,strongalumninetworks,starfaculty,andarésuméboost.Butneedn’tattendanIvyLeagueschooltoreapthoserewards.LudacrisandtheformerCEOofBankofAmericaKenLewisareofcollege,aswellasVICE’sfirstfemaleeditor-in-chief,EllisJones.Successfulpeopletendtobesuccessfulnomatterwheretheytoschool.Andlower-tierschoolscanhavealumninetworksjustasstrongastheirbigcounterparts.fact,lower-tierschoolalumninetworksarearguablystronger,becausefellowalumnirecognizethatdidn’tnecessarilyhaveaneasypathtofollow.Theymightbemorewillingtooffercareerhelp,becauseyourlessfamousschooldenotesthat,them.,arealsofullofenergyandperseverance.[TheWashingtonPostreportedonarecentstudybyPrincetoneconomists,inwhichcollegegraduates,whoappliedtothemostselectiveschoolsinthe12thgradewerecomparedtothosewhoappliedtoslightlylessselectiveschools.Theyfoundthatstudentswithmorepotentialearnedmoreasadults,andthereverseheldtrueaswell,nomatterwheretheywenttoschool.[Likewise,starfacultyisnotalwaysfoundwhereyou’dexpect.Bigschoolsarenotnecessarilythebestplacesforprofessors；plus,manyprofessorssplitteachingtimebetweenmultiplecollegesand/oruniversities.Thismeans,forinstance,aCUNYstudentcouldreasonablyexpecttoreceivethequalityofinstructionfromaprestigiousprofessorastheywouldiftheywereenrolledintheclassatNYU.[It’spossiblethathiringmanagersmaybedrawntocandidateswithaparticulareducationalrésumé,butit’snoguarantee.Accordingtoa2012surveydescribedinTheAtlantic,collegereputationrankedlowestinrelativeimportanceofattributesinevaluatinggraduatesforhire,beatenoutbytopfactorsinternships,employmentduringcollege,collegemajor,volunteerexperience,andextracurriculars.[Maybestudentswhochooselessprestigiousuniversitiesareboundtosucceedbecausetheyaredeterminedto.Itendtothinkso.anycase,ifIcoulddoitagain,I’dstillthechoice.TodayI’mdebt-free,resourceful—andIunderstandthateventheshiniestpackagingcan’tpredictwhatyou’llfindontheinside.3336.Modestinstitutionscanalsohavesuccessfulgraduatesandstrongalumninetworks.7.Themoneytheauthormadeinhighschoolhelpedpayforherlivingexpensesandbooksatcollege.8.Theauthortoseehowcostlycollegeeducationcouldbewhenshewastryingtochooseauniversitytoattend.recentstudyfoundthatagraduate’ssalaryisdeterminedbytheirpotential,nottheuniversitytheyattended.340.Theauthorcannotrecallforsurewhatmadecertaintopuniversitiesappearalotbetter.41.Noneoftheauthor’sjobinterviewerscaredwhichcollegeshewentto.42.Theauthorthinksshedidtherightthinginchoosingalessprestigiousuniversity.第3页ordertobeadmittedtoaprestigiousuniversity,theauthortookpartinvariousextracurricularactivitiesandattendedtestpreparationcourses.44.Theauthorlikedheruniversitywhichwasnotprestigiousbutlessexpensive.5.Collegesarereluctanttoadmitthatgraduatestodayareinheavierdebt.4SectionCDirections：Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andYoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentrepassageoneQuestions4650arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Economicallyspeaking，betteroffthantenago？Twentyago？theirthirstforevidenceonthisissue，commentatorsseizedontherecentreportbytheCensusBureau，whichfoundthataveragehouseholdincomeroseby5.2%in2015.Unfortunately，thatconclusionputstoomuchonauseful，butflawedandincomplete，statistic.AmongthemoresignificantproblemswiththeCensus’smeasurethat：1）itexcludestaxes，transfers，andcompensationlikeemployer-providedhealthinsurance；and）itisbasedonratherthandata.Evenifpreciselymeasured，incomedataexcludeimportantdeterminantsofeconomicwell-being，suchthehoursofworkneededtoearnthatincome.2Whilethinkingaboutthequestion，cameacrossarecentlypublishedarticlebyCharlesJonesandPeterKlenow，whichproposesinterestingnewmeasureofeconomicwelfare.Whilebynomeansperfect，itisconsiderablymorecomprehensivethanaverageincome，takingintoaccountnotonlygrowthinconsumptionperpersonbutalsochangesinworkingtime，lifeexpectancy，andinequality.Moreover，itbeusedtoassesseconomicperformancebothacrosscountriesandovertime.TheJones-Klenowmethodbeillustratedbyacross-countryexample.SupposewanttocomparetheeconomicwelfareofcitizensoftheU.S.andFrancein2005.2005，theauthorsobserve，realconsumptionperpersoninFranceonly60%theU.S.，2005，theauthorsobserve，consumptionperpersoninFranceonly60%theU.S.，makingitappearthatAmericanseconomicallymuchbetteroffthantheFrenchonaverage.However，thatcomparisonomitsotherrelevantfactors：leisuretime，lifeexpectancy，andeconomicinequality.TheFrenchtakelongervacationsandretireearlier，sotypicallyworkfewerhours；theyenjoyahigherlifeexpectancy，presumablyreflectingadvantageswithrespecttohealthcare，diet，lifestyle，andthelike；andincomeandconsumptionsomewhatmoreequallydistributedtherethanintheU.S.Becauseofthesedifferences，comparingFrance’sconsumptionwiththeU.S.’soverstatesthegapineconomicwelfare.SimilarcalculationsbeusedtocomparetheU.S.andothercountries.example，thiscalculationputseconomicwelfareintheUnitedKingdom97%ofU.S.levels，butestimatesMexicanwell-being22%.TheJones-Klenowmeasurealsoassesseconomy’sperformanceovertime.Accordingtothismeasure，oftheearly-to-mid-2000s，theU.S.hadthehighesteconomicwelfareofanylargeSince2007，economicwelfareintheU.S.hascontinuedtoimprove.However，theofimprovementhasslowedmarkedly.Methodologically，thelessonfromtheJones-Klenowresearchisthateconomicwelfareismulti-dimensional.Theirapproachisflexibleenoughthatinprincipleotherimportantquality-of-lifechangescouldbeincorporated—forexample，decreasesintotalemissionsofpollutantsanddeclinesincrimerates.第4页46.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthe2015reportbytheCensusBureau？）isbasedonquestionablestatistics.B）reflectstheeconomicchanges.C）evidencestheimprovedwelfare.）providesmuchfoodforthought.47.WhatdoestheauthorsayabouttheJones-Klenowmethod？）iswidelyusedtocomparetheeconomicgrowthacrosscountries.B）revolutionizestheofmeasuringordinarypeople’slivelihood.C）focusesonpeople’sconsumptionratherthattheiraverageincome.）isamorecomprehensivemeasureofpeople’seconomicwell-being.48.WhatdoJonesandKlenowthinkofthecomparisonbetweenFranceandtheU.S.intermsofconsumptionperperson？）reflectedtheexistingbiggapbetweenthetwoeconomies.B）neglectedmanyimportantindicatorsofpeople’swelfare.C）coveredupthedifferencesbetweenindividualcitizens.）failedtocountintheirdifferenceinnaturalresources.9.WhatisadvantageoftheJones-Klenowmethod？4）accuratelypinpointacountry’scurrenteconomicproblems.B）helptoraisepeople’sawarenessoftheireconomicwell-being.C）candiagnosethecausesofacountry’sslowingpaceofeconomicimprovement.）compareacountry’seconomicconditionsbetweendifferentperiodsoftime.50.WhatinferfromthepassageaboutAmericanpeople’seconomicwell-being？）ismuchbetterthanthatoftheirEuropeancounterparts.B）hasonthedeclinesincetheturnoftheC）hasnotimprovedmuchreportedbytheCensusBureau.）hasnotaccuratelyassessedandreportedsincemid-2000s.PassageTwo第5页Questions5155arebasedonthefollowingpassage.you'vestartedasentenceIyou..."orfoundyourselfscratchingacolleague'sagonyoveradecisionwhentheansweriscrystal-clear,there'sascientificreasonbehindit.Ourowndecision-makingabilitiesbecomedepletedoverthecourseofthedaycausingindecisionorpoorchoices,butchoosingonbehalfofsomeoneelseisenjoyabletaskthatdoesn'tsufferthesamepitfalls.Theproblemis"decisionfatigue,"apsychologicalphenomenonthattakesatollonthequalityofchoicesalongdayofdecisionmaking,EvanPolman,aleadingpsychologist.Physicianswhohaveonthejobforseveralhours,forexample,morelikelytoprescribeantibioticstopatientswhenit'sunwisetodoso."Presumablyit'sbecauseit'ssimpleandtowriteaprescriptionandconsiderapatientclosedratherthaninvestigatefurther,"Polmansays.decisionfatiguegoeswhenmakingthedecisionforsomeoneelse.Whenpeopleimaginethemselvesadvisersandimaginetheirownchoicesbelongingtosomeoneelse,theyfeellesstiredandrelylessondecisionshortcutstomakethosechoices."Bytakingupontheroleofadviserratherthandecisionmaker,onedoesnotsuffertheconsequencesofdecisionMtigue,"heisifthereissomethingfunandliberatingaboutmakingsomeoneelse'schoice."Gettinginputfromothersnotonlyomrsaperspectiveandthoughtprocess,itoftenalsoincludesriskierchoices.Whilethissoundsundesirable,itbequitePolman."whenpeopleexperiencedecisionfatigue-whentheytiredofmakingchoices-theyhaveatendencytochoosetowithstatusquo(现状says."Butthestatusquobeproblematic.sinceachangeinthecourseofactionsometimesbeimportantandleadtoapositiveoutcome."ordertoachieveasuccessfuloutcomeorreward,somelevelofriskisalmostessential."peoplewhosusceptibletodecisionfatiguewilllikelychoosetodonothingoversomething,"hesays."That'snottosaythatriskisbutitisrelatedtotakingaction,whereasdecisionfatigueassuredlyleadstoinactionandthepossiblechagrin(懊恼)ofadecisionmakerwhomi