新教材适用2024版高考英语一轮总复习练案29选择性必修第三册Unit3EnvironmentalProtection

练案[29]选择性必修第三册UNIT3ENVIRONMENTALPROTECTIONⅠ.完形填空(2023·沈阳市教学质检一)WhenArunKrishnamurthywasateenager,hewitnessedapondnearhishomefilledupwithtrash.Thedamagetothepondmadeagreat1.Atothebeautifulpondinhismemory.Sohedecidedtodosomethingto2.Bitsoriginalbeauty.In2007,KrishnamurthyandhisteamfoundedtheEFIto3.Dthegarbageandrestorethenaturalhabitatsofbirds,frogsandnativeplants,givingwildlifeachanceto4.A.Overthelastfewyears,theEFIhas5.Crestorationworkon112lakesandponds.6.B,theEFIaimedtorestorelakesandponds.However,itsfar-reachinginfluencesurprisedKrishnamurthy.Theworkhas7.CIndia'swatersupply,forithelpsgroundwaterrecharge.Infact,groundwateris8.CtoIndia,accountingfor80%ofitswatersupply.However,overusingwaterisreducingreservesgreatly.TheGovernmentisrequiredtotakesomemeasures,butKrishnamurthybelievesitis9.Athatplayasignificantrole.Currently,theEFIisfacinga10.Bwhenitcomestowastedisposal(处理)．Upto95%ofthesolidwasteit11.Dfromlakesandpondsendsupinlandfills.Thegroupisresearchingonvarious12.Bofreusingandrecyclingmoreofthetrash.Despitethedifficulties,hefeels13.AnotonlyforIndiabutfortheworld.He14.Deveryonetocareforlakesandponds,thedumping(倾倒)ofthewasteandneedsofwildlife.Withtheright15.C,eachofuscanmakeadifferencetoourplanet.语篇导读：在Krishnamurthy的记忆中，池塘是美丽的，然而现在却充满垃圾，因此他希望通过自己的努力去恢复池塘原本的美丽。他和他的团队于2007年创办了EFI，旨在改善自然环境。虽然遇到了各种各样的困难，但是他仍然相信：每个人都可以为环境的改善贡献自己的一份力量。1．A．contrast B．differenceC．response D．contribution解析：根据空前的“filledupwithtrash”与空后的“thebeautifulpondinhismemory”可知，两者形成对比。故选A。2．A．replace B．rebuildC．explore D．demonstrate解析：根据语境可知，他决定做一些事情恢复这个池塘的美丽。故选B。3．A．store B．recycleC．destroy D．remove解析：根据上文可知，他创办EFI旨在清除垃圾、改善环境，下文中的restore与空处为并列关系。故选D。4．A．return B．escapeC．compete D．remember解析：参见上题解析。他创办EFI是为了改善环境，使野生生物回归此处。故选A。5．A．lookedinto B．heldupC．carriedout D．cutoff解析：根据语境可知，在过去的几年里，EFI已经在112个湖泊和池塘做了修复工作，A项“调查，细察”；B项“举起，妨碍”；C项“实行，落实”；D项“切断，中断”。故选C。6．A．Naturally B．OriginallyC．Finally D．Actually解析：根据语境可知，EFI的目的在于改善湖泊和池塘的生态环境，但是下文中提及深远的影响，因此从逻辑上推断应该选B项。originally“起初；原来”。故选B。7．A．changed B．interruptedC．benefited D．reflected解析：根据语境可知，EFI的工作已有成效。下文中提及“ithelpsgroundwaterrecharge”，由此可推知，此处表示对印度的供水系统有所贡献。故选C。8．A．familiar B．attractiveC．vital D．cruel解析：根据语境可知，地下水资源占印度水资源供应量的80%，由此推断地下水资源对印度应该很重要。故选C。9．A．individuals B．citiesC．organizers D．leaders解析：根据语境可知，要解决水资源问题，政府需要采取措施，由句中的but可知，Krishnamurthy的观点有所不同，在他看来，每个人都起到了重要的作用。故选A。10．A．choice B．challengeC．defeat D．topic解析：根据下文内容可知，EFI的工作遇到了挑战。故选B。11．A．transports B．formsC．rescues D．collects解析：根据语境可知，从湖泊和池塘中收集来的高达95%的固体垃圾最后被扔进垃圾填埋场。故选D。12．A．standards B．methodsC．policies D．consequences解析：EFI的工作遇到了挑战，因此他们正在研究用不同的方法来回收利用更多的垃圾。故选B。13．A．hopeful B．readyC．grateful D．happy解析：根据语境可知，虽然有困难，但是Krishnamurthy依然努力着，所以可推断他对印度乃至全世界都充满了信心。故选A。14．A．permits B．teachesC．warns D．urges解析：他为改善湖泊和池塘的环境继续努力着，因此他呼吁大家都参与到保护环境的行动中来。故选D。15．A．conclusions B．assessmentsC．intentions D．occasions解析：根据语境可知，只要有正确的意图，我们每个人都可以为我们的星球做出贡献。A项“结论，结果”；B项“评估，评定”；C项“打算，意图”；D项“时机，适当的机会”。故选C。Ⅱ.阅读理解(2023·辽宁省大连市双基测试)Humansarestrugglingtocontaintwomajorcrises:Skyrocketingglobaltemperaturesanddeep-divingbiodiversity.Peopletendtotackleeachproblemontheirown,butinanewreport,50scientistsfromaroundtheworldarguethattreatingeachcrisisalonemeansmissingoutonsolutionsthatresolveboth.Humanscan'tsolveonewithoutalsosolvingtheother.Sowhatmightthesesolutionslooklike？Forinstance,youturnaheavilydamagedforestintoanationalpark.Asthetreesgrowback,theywouldstorecarbonintheirtissuesandprovidehabitatsforthereturnofanimals.Ratherthanplantingasinglespeciesoftreetobalancesomefactory'scarbonemissions(排放物),lettingaforestcomebacknaturallywillmakeitmoreresilient.Thisisknownasanature-basedsolution，acampaignthatbothabsorbscarbonandprovidesanextraecologicaloreconomicbenefit.Preventinghumans'attackonecosystemscanalsohelpfightclimatechange.Evencitiescantakepartintheaction.Urbanareasturninto“heatislands”，becausetheyabsorbthesun'senergyduringthedayandslowlyreleaseitatnight.Therefore,theyaremuchhotterthansurroundingruralareas.Plantingmoretreescoolscities,andprovideshabitatsforbirdsandshadeforhumans,whichwillbeevermorecriticalasglobaltemperaturesrise.Thebigwarningisthatnature-basedsolutionsalonecan'tstopclimatechange.Firstandforemost,humanshavetodramaticallyreduceitsgreenhousegasemissions.Besides，“governmentsandfactoriesarebecomingawareoftheimportanceofmaintainingbiodiversitywhilealsofightingclimatechange，”saysBetsyBeymer-Farris,fromtheUniversityofKentucky.Plantingasinglespeciesoftreetobalanceemissionsisout,andmoreeffectivesolutionsareincreasinglyin.“Imyself,asaprofessorwhohasbeenworkinginthisfor20years,seealotofhope,becauseIseealotofchangeonthehorizon.”语篇导读：本文主要介绍了对抗全球变暖与保护物种多样性并行的方法。1．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“makeitmoreresilient”inParagraph2mean？AA．Helptheforestrecovereasilyandquickly.B．Letthetreesgrowstrongerandtaller.C．Gettheecosystemtobecomeoutofbalance.D．Makethesolutionbecomemoreaccessible.解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“lettingaforestcomebacknaturally”，并结合其后的“Thisisknownasanature-basedsolution，acampaignthatbothabsorbscarbonandprovidesanextraecologicaloreconomicbenefit.”可知，后一句中的This指代上句中的“lettingaforestcomebacknaturally”，表示“让森林自然恢复”这种方法被称为一种基于自然的解决方案，既吸收碳又提供额外的生态或经济效益。据此可推知，makeitmoreresilient意为“帮助森林轻松快速地恢复”。故选A。2．Howcancitiesbemadecooleraccordingtothetext？AA．Byplantingmoretrees.B．Byabsorbingthesun'senergy.C．Byclosingdownmorefactories.D．Byprovidingshadeforhumans.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Plantingmoretreescoolscities”可知，种植更多的树木可以为城市降温，所以人们可以通过种植更多的树木来使城市变得更凉爽。故选A。3．HowdidBetsyBeymer-Farrisfeelaboutthefutureoftheecology？CA．Worried. B．Uncertain.C．Hopeful. D．Satisfied.解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I...seealotofhope,becauseIseealotofchangeonthehorizon.”可知，贝齐·贝默法里斯看到了希望，因为她看到了很多即将发生的变化。据此可知，贝齐·贝默法里斯对未来是充满希望的。故选C。4．Whatisthepurposeofwritingthepassage？BA．Toexpressscientists'concernoverclimatechange.B．Tocallonpeopletoprotectspeciesandbattleglobalwarming.C．Toencouragepeopletoplantasinglespeciesoftree.D．Tostresstheimportanceofcuttingdowncarbonemissions.解析：目的意图题。通读全文内容，尤其是文章第一段可知，本文主要介绍了当前人类面临两大危机：全球气温急剧上升和物种多样性急剧减少，而为了对抗这两种危机，人们应当采用抵御全球变暖与保护物种多样性并行的方法，即文章的写作意图在于呼吁人们将保护物种与对抗全球变暖统一起来。故选B。Ⅲ.七选五(2023·湖北省七市联合调研)ThreeThingsWeMustDotoTackleClimateChangeWithworldleadersmeetingattheinternationalclimatechangeconferenceinGlasgowtodiscussurgentglobalactiontomeetoneofthegreatestchallenges,manypeoplestilldon'tknowwhatmustbedone.1.EHowever,thegoodnewswegetfromthereportisthatitisnottoolatetoavoidtheworstimpactsofclimatechange,ifwerespondrapidlyanddecisively.Buthow？Itcomesdowntothefollowingthreethings.Stopusingfossilfuelsgradually.2.DThatmeansnoexploration,nonewwells,mines,pipelines,orpowerplants.Wealreadyhaveavastamountoffossilfuelinfrastructure(基础设施),anditwilltakedecadestoenditsuse.3.BSunandwindarethefastest-growingnewsourcesofenergywehave.Theircostshavefallensharply,makingthemtheleastexpensiveoptionsandencouragingtheadoptionofcleanenergyinmoreandmorelocations.Protecttheworld'sforests.Forestsallovertheworldcurrentlyabsorbaboutathirdofthecarbondioxideouractivitiessendouttotheatmosphere.4.GAndthismuststop.Tomeettheplanet'sgrowingfoodneeds,expertsurgeimprovedmanagementpracticesonalready-clearedlandratherthanclearingnewland.Finally,itishightimethatwejoinedhandstoprotecttheonlyhomewehave.Ifso,wecantakeonthechallengewhateverthedifficultyis.5.FThethreeactionswesuggestareessentialforsuccess.A．Boostthedevelopmentofnewtechnology.B．Speeduptheuseofclean,renewableenergy.C．Thealarmingmessagesreleasedurgedustochangeourlifestyle.D．Toachievethis,wemustallownonewdevelopmentofcoal,oilandgas.E．The“codered”reportfromtheconferencegreatlyshockedmanypeople.F．WeareonamissiontosavetheplanetEarth,itspeopleanditsnaturalwonders.G．Tropicalforests(热带雨林)areespeciallyatriskandstillbeingclearedforagriculturaluses.语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章针对气候变化问题提出三件我们必须做的事情，以此呼吁我们携手保护我们唯一的家园。解析：1．考查逻辑&复现推断。下文“However,thegoodnewswegetfromthereportisthat...”提到报告中的好消息，由表示转折的副词However可知，该空应与“好消息”构成语义上的转折。E项(会议的“红色代码”报告让许多人大吃一惊。)符合语境，其中的report以及conference均为原词复现。故选E。2．考查语境&复现推断。上文“Stopusingfossilfuelsgradually.”为本段主旨句，提出建议人们逐渐停止使用化石燃料，故设空处应是表示具体的做法；再根据设空处后的“Thatmeansnoexploration,nonewwells...”可知，此处指不再开发新的化石燃料。D项(为了实现这一目标，我们必须不允许煤炭、石油和天然气的新开发。)承上启下，符合语境，其中的this指代上文整句，coal,oil,gas与上文中的fossilfuels相呼应。故选D。3．考查语境推断。设空处为本段的首句，应是本段的主题句，根据文章结构可知，此处应为祈使句。再根据设空处后的“Sunandwindarethefastest-growingnewsourcesofenergywehave.”可知，本段应是建议加快清洁可再生能源的使用。B项(加快清洁可再生能源的使用。)符合语境。故选B。4．考查语境&复现推断。根据本段的首句“Protecttheworld'sforests.”可知，本段重点讲保护森林；再结合设空处后的“Andthismuststop.”可知，设空处应表示破坏森林的行为。G项(热带雨林面临的风险尤其大，仍因农业用途而遭到砍伐。)符合语境，其中forests为原词复现，设空处后的this则指代G项内容。故选G。5．考查语境推断。根据本段首句中的“itishightimethatwejoinedhandstoprotecttheonlyhomewehave”可知，本段对全文做出总结，呼吁人们携手保护我们唯一的家园。F项(我们肩负着拯救地球、地球上的人民和地球上的自然奇观的使命。)对保护家园做了进一步的阐释，符合语境。故选F。Ⅳ.语法填空(2023·山东省淄博市一模)Throughouttheirannualcycles,migratory(迁徙的)birdsface1.diverse(diversity)threatsfrombothclimatechangeandhumanactivity.TheU．S.FishandWildlifeServiceworkswithgovernments,conservationorganizations,variousindustries,andthepublic2.topreserve(preserve)thebirdsforfuturegenerations.Therearesimplerwaysforthepublictohelpprotectbirdsaroundtheircommunities3.thantheythought.Manyofthe1,093speciesofbirds4.protected(protect)undertheMigratoryBirdTreatyActareexperiencingpopulationdecline.About8%ofthosebirdspecies5.werelisted(list)aseitherthreatenedorendangerednotlongago.Millionsofacresofbirdhabitatsarelost6.orworsenedeveryyearduetodevelopment,agriculture,andforestrypractices.These7.rapidly(rapid)acceleratingimpactscanbesoftenedonlybymeansofhabitatrestorationandprotection.Inaddition,millionsofbirds