新教材高中外研版英语选择性必修4学案Unit4SectionⅡUsinglanguage

SectionⅡUsinglanguageⅠ.重点词汇1．________n.赤道2．________n.庄园3．________n.卡(路里)4．________adj.经济上周转得开的；不欠债的5．________adj.传统的，常规的→________n．惯例；常规6．________v．不公正地区别对待，歧视→________n．歧视；不公平对待7．________adj.质量上乘的，优质的→________n．优越性；优势8．________adj.不浓烈的，淡的→________adv.轻微地；温和地9．________adj.主观的→________adj.客观的10．________n．(高中或大学的)一年级学生→________adj.新鲜的11．________adj.(想法、决定等)合理的，基于理性的→________adj.不合逻辑的；没有道理的12．________v．超过，超出→________adj.过度的；过分的→________adv.过度地；过分地13．________adj.财政的，金融的；财务的→________n．财政；金融14．________v．积累，积聚→________n．积累；聚积15．________adv.自动地→________adj.自动的16．________v．介入；干涉→________n．干涉，介入；干扰Ⅱ.重点短语1．________________使收支仅能相抵2．________________陷入债务之中，负债Ⅲ.重点句型在物美价廉的产品上多花一点钱对他们来说没问题，因为他们相信自己购买这些产品将有助于改善当地人民的福利。________________________________________________________________________，believingthattheirpurchasingoftheseproduceswillhelpimprovelocalpeople'swelfare.►第一版块|重点词汇诠释1．makeendsmeet使收支仅能相抵；勉强维持生计含end的常用短语：endin...以……收场/结束/告终endup最终处于；到头来frombeginningtoend从头到尾intheend最后；终于attheendof...在……末端/尽头bytheendof...到……为止beatanend结束etoanend结束put/bringanendtosth.(＝put/bringsth.toanend)结束某事❶Manyoftheirfamilieswerestrugglingtomakeendsmeet.许多家庭都在努力维持生计。❷Theirmarriageendedindivorce.他们的婚姻以离婚告终。❸Somanyendupintreebranchesoralonghighwaysthatagrowingnumberofcitiesdonotallowthematcheckouts.太多的(塑料袋)最后都挂到了树枝上或落在了公路沿线，以至于越来越多的城市不允许在收银台使用它们。❹Herstorywasapackofliesfrombeginningtoend.她的叙述从头到尾都是谎话。❺Thankfully,Imanagedtogetthroughthegameandthepainwasworthitintheend.值得庆幸的是，我设法完成了比赛，努力最终没有白费。❻Workalwayspilesupattheendoftheyear.年底工作总是会积压。❼Youmustallhandinyourprojectsbytheendofnextweek.你们都必须在下周末前交出研究报告。❽Thecasecametoanend/wasatanendatlast.这个案子终于完结了。[即学即练]根据汉语提示完成句子①Hetriedvariousjobsand________________(最后)becameamusician.②Everyonewishesthatthewarwould________________________(结束)soon.③Thefinaldecisionofthethreeimportantleadersofthecountry________________________(结束)thewar.④Atlast,theheadmaster'swords________________themeeting________________________(使……结束)．⑤Wedon'tneedtodoextraworkthisevening.Theday'sworkisalmost________________________(结束)now.⑥________________________________(到……为止)theholidayIhadspentallmymoney.⑦________________________________(在……末)the16thcentury,aboutfivetosevenmillionpeoplespokeEnglish.⑧________________________________(最后),theheadmasterrosetoindicatethattheconversationwas________________________(结束)．⑨Somestudentsevendon'tknowthatbyhelpingapartnercheatinatesttheymay________________(最终处于)withthesamepunishment.2．gointodebt陷入债务中，负债payoffadebt还债(指动作)clearone'sdebt还清债务beindebt(tosb.)欠(某人的)债beinsb.'sdebt受某人的恩惠；欠某人的人情get/run/fallintodebt陷入债务之中be/getoutofdebt不欠债❶Threeyearslater,heisstillpayingoffhisdebts.三年后，他仍在还他的债务。❷I'minhisdebtforhishelp.对于他的帮助，我欠他一份人情。❸Hewasalreadydeeplyindebt.他已经负债累累。❹Gettingoutofdebtmustbeplacedbeforebuyinganythingnew.必须先还清债务然后再置办新物品。[即学即练]单句语法填空①I'mheavily________debtatthemoment,buthopetobe________ofdebtwhenIgetpaid.②Hemanagedtoclearhis________(debt)withintwoyears.►第二版块|重点句型解构(教材P41)TheyhavenoproblemspendingabitmoreonGoodDealproducts,believingthattheirpurchasingoftheseproductswillhelpimprovelocalpeople'swelfare.在物美价廉的产品上多花一点钱对他们来说没问题，因为他们相信自己购买这些产品将有助于改善当地人民的福利。[句式分析]havenoproblem(in)doingsth.意为“做某事没问题/困难”，doing前的介词in可省略。与该搭配类似的表达还有havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth.或havedifficulty/troublewithsth.，此时trouble和difficulty都是不可数名词，其前可以用no，little，some，much等修饰。❶Ihavelittledifficultyinmakingfriendswithyoungsters.我和年轻人交朋友没什么困难。❷HehadnotroublerepairingmyTV.他毫不费力地修好了我的电视。[即学即练]单句语法填空①EventodayIstillrememberthegreatdifficultyIhad________(learn)Englishinthevillage20yearsago.②Manyforeignershavetrouble________(adapt)toChinesefood.DiscoveringUsefulStructuresGrammar——定语从句[新知导引]诵读下列例句并感知画线部分的共性1．ThisisthebikethatIlostlastweek.2．NormanBethunewasagreatmanwhogavehislifetohelptheChinesepeople.3．Allthechildrenliketheteacherswhocanunderstandthem.4．HeisthemanwhomIsawyesterday.5．Theywanttodevelopakindofdog­friendlyfoodwhichwillhelpdogownerscooldowntheirpets.6．Iknowthereasonwhyhedidn'te.7．IsawmygoodfriendinthesupmarketwhereIboughtaskirt.8．Hewillneverforgetthedaywhenhemetherforthefirsttime.9．XiaoHua,whoismysister,hasgonetoShanghai.10．Asisknowntoall,theboyisverybrave.11．Thehouse,whoseroofisbroken,isunderrepair.[共性呈现]1．画线部分均为定语从句。2．关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语(句1、2、3、4、5、9、10)。3．关系副词在定语从句中作状语(句6、7、8)。4．定语从句分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，限制性定语从句与先行词关系较密切(句1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8)。5．非限制性定语从句与先行词之间关系较松散(句9、11)。6．有时关系代词也可以代替一句话(句10)。[语法精释]定语从句定语从句是指跟在一个名词或代词后，对其进行修饰限定的句子。被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况，它通常只能放在被修饰的词(先行词)后。定语从句由关系词(关系代词、关系副词)引导。1．关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所指代的先行词是表示人或物的名词或代词，关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致，具体用法如下：(1)who，whom，that指代的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，其中whom为who的宾格，在从句中所起作用如下：Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?他就是想见你的那个人吗？(who/that在从句中作主语)Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.他就是我昨天看见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)(2)whose用来指人或物，只作定语，相当于先行词的所有格。Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.那个人的车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。(whose＝theman's)(3)which，that所指代的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。Aperiodofprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.农村出现了一段前所未有的繁荣时期。(which/that在从句中作主语)Thepackagewhich/thatyouarecarryingisabouttoeunwrapped.你拿着的包快散了。(which/that在从句中作宾语)2．关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词为when，where，why，指代的先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词，在从句中作状语，例如：Thereareoccasionswhenonemustyield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。BeijingistheplacewhereIwasborn.北京是我的出生地。Isthisthereasonwhyherefusedouroffer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？3．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种，以上所讲的为限制性定语从句，此类定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；而非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，其用法与限制性定语从句相似，不同之处主要在于以下几点：(1)关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中所指代的可以是主句中的某个词(名词或形容词)、短语、其他从句或整个主句。①which指代主句中的某个词Theseappletrees,whichIplantedthreeyearsago,havenotborneanyfruit.这些苹果树是我三年前栽的，至今还没有结过果实。②which指代主句中的某个从句Hesaidthathewasshortofmoney,whichwasnottrue.他说他缺钱，这不是真的。(指代主句中that引导的宾语从句)③which指代整个主句Inthepresenceofsomanypeoplehewasalittletense,whichwasunderstandable.在这么多人面前他有点紧张，这是可以理解的。(2)as引导非限制性定语从句时，指代整个主句，有“正如……，就像……”之意。通常以asweallknow，asitisknown，asisknowntoall，asitis，asissaidabove等句式出现。可位于句首或句末，也可置于句中。Asweallknow,regularmedicalexaminationwillhelpusfindouthealthproblemsasearlyaspossible.众所周知，定期体检会帮助我们尽早发现健康问题。Heforgottobringhispenwithhim,aswasoftenthecase.他忘了带笔，这是常事。[即学即练]一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词。1．Amongthemanydangers________sailorshavetoface,thegreatestofallisfog.2．Manycountriesarenowsettingupnationalparks________animalsandplantscanbeprotected.3．Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthose________liveswereaffected.4．IborrowedthebookSherlockHolmesfromthelibrarylastweek,________wasremended(推荐)bymyclassmates.5．Thereisnosimpleanswer,________isoftenthecaseinscience.6．Hewasbornintheyear________thewarbrokeout.7．Thisisjusttheplace________Iamlookingforwardtovisitingtheseyears.8．Finallyhereachedalonelyisland________waspletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.9．TheScottishgirl________fluencyonhertopicattractedmostofpeoplewonfirstprizeinthespeechcontest.10．Happinessoftenetothose________aregoodatrecognisingtheirownstrengths.二、语法填空Forthefirsttimein94years,thePalaceMuseumhasextendeditsopeninghours,1.________allowsthepublictocelebratetheLanternFestivalatnightintheancientpalace.About3,000luckyvisitorsreceivedfreeticketsfromthegovernment,among2.________wasZhangZhifu,a77­year­oldpublicsecurityvolunteer.It'samarkofgratitudeforhisvoluntarywork.Toguaranteethesafetyofthepalace,festivalorganisers3.________plannedthisyear'sLanternFestivaleventusedLEDlightsratherthantraditionalpaperlanternsorredcandles.It'sa4.________(fascinate)eventforvisitorstoabsorbthemselvesinthefestiveatmosphereinthemuseum.SincehebecamedirectorofthePalaceMuseum,ShanJixianghasbroughtmanychangestotheworld's5.________(large)royalplex(综合楼群).Onceinaspeechthe64­year­olddirectorsharedhisideaabouthowtomake6.________(tradition)treasuresealiveagain.“7.________matterstoamuseumisnothowmanyvisitorsithas,buthowcloseitistopeople'sdailylives，”hesaid.单句语法填空A词汇句式专练1．Itwillgetworsewithhuman________(interfere)．2．Around13,500newjobswerecreatedduringtheperiod,________(exceed)theexpectednumberof12,000heldbymarketanalysts.3．Anotherwayofsettingrealisticgoalsistoanalyzeyourshortandlongtermobjectives,keeping________mindyourbeliefs,valuesandstrengths.4．Aswe________(accumulate)moredevices,however,wedidn'tthrowoutouroldones.5．Ifyourawarenessisassharpasitcouldbe,you'llhavenotrouble________(answer)thesequestions.B语法专练1．Donotfollowthepeople________makeyoufeelnot­good­enough.2．Here'sahandfulofways________willsetyouintherightdirection.3．InancientChinalivedanartist________paintingswerealmostlifelike.4．ThelongesttrackandfieldeventattheSummerOlympicsisthe50­kilometerracewalk,________isaboutfivemileslongerthanthemarathon.5．Dr.Rowan,________secretaryresignedtwoweeksago,hashadtodoallhisowntyping.6．Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,________mykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem.7．Manyle