国际贸易运输方式

TRANSPORTAirTransportRailTransportRoadTransportAirTransportRailTransportRoadTransportAdvantagesanddisadvantagesConsignmentnoteChargesAirTransportAircargotransporthasexperiencedfastdevelopmentinthepastdecades.Willexpandatanaverageannualrateof6.2%forthenexttwodecades.Certainregionssuchasintra-AsianmarketandEurope-Asia/Pacificroutes.Forhigh-valuebutlow-volumeconsumergoods:electronicsproductshigh-valuefashionsemiconductordevices(半导体设备)opticalinstruments(光学仪器)jewellerywatchesAirtransportsservicesaredividedintothreecategories:

ScheduledAirlines(班机运输)CharteredCarriers(包机运输)ConsolidatedConsignments(集中托运)Mostaircargoesarecarriedonpassengerairlines,liketheBeoing747-400FAirfreighterscancarrypalletsandcontainers(集装箱运输)将一定数量的货物装入集装箱内，以集装想作为一个运送单位进行的运输。适用于空运，海洋运输，铁路运输以及国际多运式等。

MultimodalTransport(多式联运)国际多式联运(InternationalMultimodalTransport),按照《联合国国际货物多式联运公约》的定义：指按照多式联运的合同，以至少两种不同的运输方式，由多式联运经营人把货物由一国境内接运货物的地点运至另一国境内指定交付货物的地点。BenefitsofairtransportFasterdeliveryBettersecurityLesspackagingLowerinsuranceFastersettlementBetterserviceReducedstockExpandedtradeandnewmarketDisadvantagesLimitedcapacity,dimensionandweightrestrictions.(对容量，尺寸，重量有严格的限制)Veryhighoperatingexpensesandhightransportcost.(高额的营运费用和运输成本)Vulnerabletodisruptionwhenweatherisbad.(恶劣的天气环境对货物损坏很大)Expensivehandlingcostbecauseofconsignmentstendsnottobeconsolidated.(由于不能合并运输，昂贵的管理成本)Sparselylocatedfacilities.(当地缺少运输条件)Airwaybill(空运单)

空运承运人或其代理人签发的货物单据。它是承运人收到的货物的收据，也是托运人同承运人之间的运输契约，但不具有物权凭证的性质，因此空运单也是不可以转让的。（AWB）

Twotypesofairwaybill:MasterAirWaybill(航空主运单)HouseAirWaybill(航空托运单)Freight(运费)GeneralCargoRates(basicrates)普通运价ClassificationRates等级运价SpecificCommodityRates指定商品运价AirTransportRailTransportRoadTransportAdvantagesanddisadvantagesConsignmentnoteChargesRailTransportRailtransportationisamajormodeoftransportationininternationaltradebetweenthecountriesonthesamecontinentforexample,Asian-EuropeanContinent.Comparedwithoceantransport,railtransportissecondaryincarryingcapacitybutpriorinspeed.RailwayTransportationAdvantagesofrailtransport

Themodernrailwaysystemisahighcapacityformoftransportoperatingonadisciplined,controlledandreliableway.Itiscapableofattainingrelativelyhighspeedsandismosteconomicalwhencompletetrainloadisused.Besides,comparedwithmostothermodesoftransport,itislesspronetointerruptionbypoorweather.Railtransportismostconvenientbetweencountriesconnectedbyrailway.Typesoffreightcars

Becausethecargoesaredifferent,thetypesofthefreightaredifferentsuchasshedcar（封闭式火车车厢），opencar（敞开式货车车厢），flatcar（平板车厢）andalsosomespecial-purposecars.Typesoffreightcars铁路运输种类(一)按运输条件的不同分为两种

1、普通货物运输:除按特殊运输条件办理的货物外的其他各种货物运输。

2、特殊货物运输

(1)阔大货物运输:包括超长货物、集重货物和超限货物,是一些长度长、重量重、体积大的货物。

(2)危险货物运输:指在铁路运输中,凡具有爆炸、易燃、毒蚀、放射性等特性,在运输、装卸和储存保管过程中,容易造成人身伤亡和财产毁损而需要特殊防护的货物。

(3)鲜活