新高考英语二轮复习课时练第1部分阅读理解与阅读七选五专题1第5 体裁微解应用文 (含解析)

第5讲体裁微解——应用文应用文是最贴近日常生活的文体，它包括通知、广告、便条、申请书、个人简介、商品说明与介绍、新闻报道等，形式多样，题材各异(如图示、表格等)，措辞简洁明了，直截了当，其目的是向读者传输信息。主要具有以下特点：选材信息量大，文句精炼，形式灵活，用最少的篇幅传达最大量的信息。内容生活化，实用化，多样化。如产品宣传、服务介绍、通知、海报、启事、招生招聘等。形式标题醒目，重点突出，条理清晰，常用粗体字或各类题目符号使文章结构更加鲜明。语言人名、地名、专用名词多；生词多；缩略词、祈使句、省略句多；结构不完整。命题其命题角度主要考查考生提取信息和处理信息的能力，既注重特定细节的筛选、类比、综合，又注重推理判断题的考查，题目设置相对容易。高考应用文阅读理解设题以细节题为主，因此，阅读这类文章时，也应该在整体把握文章结构的前提下，重点注意细节信息，细节题题干都是相应原文的变形(如同义句改写，词性转换等)，因此，要想找到答案就一定要找到题干在原文中的出处，再把原文和选项相比较。做题时，根据所提问题用寻读、跳读的方法可以达到事半功倍的效果。同时，在阅读时也要特别注意文中以粗体、大写、下划线等方式加以提示的文字，因为这很有可能是文章的核心或某一部分内容的概括。具体答题策略如下：策略指导技法解读先题后文先读题目，了解考点；明确目的，快速捕捉，获取信息。题干定向根据题干关键词找到文中答案范围，按照题目顺序依次而下；问题与原文相同，对号入座，通过同义替换、归纳事实等方法确定答案。生词模糊遇到生词，如无关答题，直接跳过；涉及答题，则根据语境、构词法等猜词。信息补全对于影响理解的省略句，可根据语境，将其补全。(2022·全国甲·A)TheatresandEntertainmentStDavid’sHallStDavid’sHallistheawardwinningNationalConcertHallofWalesstandingattheveryheartofCardiff’sentertainmentcentre.Withanimpressive2，000-seatconcerthall，StDavid’sHallishometotheannualWelshPromsCardiff.Itpresentsliveentertainment，includingpop，rock，folk，jazz，musicals，dance，worldmusic，filmsandclassicalmusic.TheHayes，CardiffCF101AHwww.stdavidshallcardiff.co.ukTheGleeClubEveryweekendthisis“Wales”premiercomedyclubwherehavingagreattimeistheorderforbothaudiencesandcomedystarsalike.Itishardtonameacomedystarwhohasn’tbeenonthestagehere.Ifyouarelookingforthebestcomediesontourandbrilliantlivemusic，youshouldstarthere.MermaidQuay，CardiffBay，CardiffCF105BZwww.glee.co.uk/cardiffShermanCymruShermanCymru’stheatreintheCathaysareaofCardiffreopenedinFebruary2012.Thisspecialbuildingisaplaceinwhichtheatreismadeandwherechildren，artists，writersandanyoneelsehavetheopportunity(机会)todocreativethings.ShermanCymruisexcitedtopresentapackedprogrammeoftheverybesttheatre，dance，familyshowsandmusicfromWalesandtherestoftheworld.SenghennyddRoad，CardiffCF244YEwww.shermancymru.co.ukNewTheatreTheNewTheatrehasbeenthehomeofqualitydrama，musicals，danceandchildren’sshowsformorethan100years.PresentingthebestoftheWestEndalongwiththepickoftheUK’stouringshows，theNewTheatreisCardiff’soldestsurvivingtraditionaltheatre.Besuretopayavisitaspartofyourstayinthecity.ParkPlace，CardiffCF103LNwww.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk语篇解读本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了威尔士首府的四家剧院及其特色。21．WhereistheWelshPromsCardiffhosted?A．AttheNewTheatre.B．AttheGleeClub.C．AtShermanCymru.D．AtStDavid’sHall.答案D解析细节理解题。根据StDavid’sHall部分中的“StDavid’sHallishometotheannualWelshPromsCardiff”可知，Cardiff的WelshProms活动在StDavid’sHall举办。故选D。22．WhatcanpeopledoattheGleeClub?A．Watchmusicals.B．Enjoycomedies.C．Seefamilyshows.D．Docreativethings.答案B解析细节理解题。根据TheGleeClub部分中的“Ifyouarelookingforthebestcomediesontourandbrilliantlivemusic，youshouldstarthere.”可知，人们可以在TheGleeClub欣赏喜剧。故选B。23．WhichwebsitecanyouvisittolearnaboutCardiff’soldestsurvivingtheatre?A．www.newtheatrecardiff.co.ukB．www.shermancymru.co.ukC．www.glee.co.uk/cardiffD．www.stdavidshallcardiff.co.uk答案A解析细节理解题。根据NewTheatre部分中的“PresentingthebestoftheWestEndalongwiththepickoftheUK’stouringshows，theNewTheatreisCardiff’soldestsurvivingtraditionaltheatre.”及其下面的网址“www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk”可知，选A。AParaglidingisakindofflying，butinsteadofthewingbeingmadeofmetal，woodorplastic，itismadeofnylonorpolyester.Thewingisattachedtoaharnessbylineswhereapilotsits，similartoaparachute.Isitsafe?Paraglidingisassafeassailinganddeep-seadiving.Thebigadvantageisthatit’sprobablytheslowestformofaviation，soifyoudocrash，you’llhitthegroundquitegently!It’saveryrelaxingsportasyou’remostlysittingdown.Yet，you’llprobablyexperiencepaininsomemusclesyoudidn’tknowyouhadwhilelearning，butmanyofthosewillbeduetothewalkupthetraininghilltolaunch.WheredoIlearn?Therearelotsofschools，mainlybasedinlandbyappropriatehillsormountains，andtherearealsoschoolsonthecoastnearspectacularcliffs.Theseareveryattractive，thoughtheprospectoflandingintheseaseemstodiscouragebeginners!Ittakessevendaystogetyourbasiclicense；thenyou’refreetoflyindependentlyatsitesacrossthecountry.WhatdoIneed?Pilotsnormallywearwarmclothesincasetheygetveryhighup，andahelmetincasetheystumbleonlanding.Intermsofgear，schoolssupplybasictraining，canopies，harnesses，etc.However，you’llprobablywanttobuyyourownmoresophisticatedequipment，whichyou’llbeabletochoosemuchbetteronceyou’vetriedsomeoutonyourcourse.Whocandoit?There’snoupperagelimitprovidedyourinstructorjudgesyoucapable，buttheyoungestis14.Anybodywithgoodeyesightandgoodbalanceisapotentialparagliderpilot.Flyingaparagliderisagreatsport.Wehopetoseeyouintheairwithusthisseason!eq\x(语篇解读本文为一篇应用文。文章介绍了什么是高空滑翔及学习高空滑翔的一些信息。)1．Whichwouldbethebestheadingforparagraph1?A．Whatisparagliding?B．Whoinventedparagliding?C．Howisparaglidingspecial?D．Whyisparaglidingpopular?答案A解析段落大意题。根据第一段可知，本段主要描述了什么是高空滑翔。故选A。2．Accordingtothepassage，paraglidingis.A．excitingbuttiringB．safeandrelaxingC．attractivebutexpensiveD．fastandchallenging答案B解析细节理解题。根据Isitsafe？部分的“Paraglidingisassafeassailinganddeep-seadiving.”及“It’saveryrelaxingsportasyou’remostlysittingdown.”可知，高空滑翔是一项既安全又放松的运动。故选B项。3．Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A．Fitpeopleofanyagecantakeupparagliding.B．Mostparaglidingschoolsaresituatedbythesea.C．Pilotsneedtobuybasicequipmentontheirtrainingcourse.D．Learnerscanflyontheirownafteratleastaweek’straining.答案D解析细节理解题。根据WheredoIlearn？部分的“Ittakessevendaysto...thenyou’refreetoflyindependently”可知，需要经过至少一周的训练，学员才可以独立飞行。故选D。B(2022·河南中原名校联盟适应性联考)★LOUDOUNCOUNTRYDAYSCHOOLGrades：Preschool－Grade8LCDS.org•703-777-3841Award-winningschoolfeaturesalowstudent-teacherratio(比率)．Coursesincludeart，STEM(Science，Technology，Engineering，Mathematics)，computerprogramming，languages，athletics，instruments，BYOT(BringYourOwnTechnology)，one-to-oneprograminfourththrougheighthgrades.It’sfamousforitsuniquefieldtrips.★NYSMITHSCHOOLGrades：3years－Grade8N•703-552-2912Top10intheworld，fun，award-winningprogram，upto4gradelevelsofdiversification(多样化)inreadingandmathclasses，dailyscience，computers，logic，foreignlanguages，muchmore.1∶9ratio.Minimal(最少的)homework.Hands-onexperimentallearning，agreatattractionforstudentsacrossthecountry.2014TommyAwardfromTJforthespecialachievementofNysmithAlumni.★FUSIONACADEMYTYSONSGrades：6－12FusionTysonsC•866-461-8039FusionAcademyisaprivatemiddleandhighschoolwhereallclassesareone-to-one：onestudentandoneteacherperclassroom.Here，positiverelationshipsunlockstudents’potential.Schedulingispersonalized，andnohomeworkgoeshome.ComesoontoTysons，Virginia，andachieveschool&lifebalance.★RANDOLPH-MACONACADEMYGrades：6－12，P•540-636-5484R-MAisacollege-prepboardingschoolwithAirForceJROTC，devotedtodevelopingstudentsofacademicachievement，leadership，andresponsiblecitizenship.Withsmallerclasses—onaverage，14－17studentsperclass—studentsatR-MAfindthemselvesbuildingtheirconfidencebecauseourteacherscareabouteachstudent.Graduatingclasseshavea100%collegeacceptancerateandaverageover$56.6millionincollegescholarshipsofferseachyear.语篇解读这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四所学校的情况，包括年级、联系方式和学校特色等信息。4．WhatmakesLCDSdifferentfromtheothers?A．Fieldtrips.B．Avarietyofcourses.C．One-to-oneclasses.D．Award-winningprograms.答案A解析细节理解题。根据★LOUDOUNCOUNTRYDAYSCHOOL部分中的“It’sfamousforitsuniquefieldtrips.”可知，它以独特的实地考察旅行而闻名。由此可知，LOUDOUN乡村走读学校与其他学校的不同之处在于它提供实地考察旅行。故选A。5．WhyisNYSMITHSCHOOLpopularamongstudents?A．Ithasnohomework.B．Itistheworld’sbestschool.C．ItisafrequentwinneroftheTommyAward.D．Itgivesthemachancetolearnfromexperience.答案D解析细节理解题。根据★NYSMITHSCHOOL部分中的“Hands-onexperimentallearning，agreatattractionforstudentsacrossthecountry.”可知，动手实验学习，对全国各地的学生有很大的吸引力。由此可知，NYSMITH学校之所以吸引学生，是因为它给了他们一个从经验中学习的机会。故选D。6．Whichschoolspecializesinpersonalizededucation?A．LOUDOUNCOUNTRYDAYSCHOOL.B．NYSMITHSCHOOL.C．FUSIONACADEMYTYSONS.D．RANDOLPH-MACONACADEMY.答案C解析细节理解题。根据★FUSIONACADEMYTYSONS部分中的“FusionAcademyisaprivatemiddleandhighschoolwhereallclassesareone-to-one...Schedulingispersonalized，andnohomeworkgoeshome.”可知，FusionAcademy是一所私立中学和高中，所有班级都是一对一的。日程安排是个性化的，回家没有家庭作业。由此可知，FUSIONACADEMYTYSONS学校擅长个性化教育。故选C。强化练(十一)应用文AThesedestinationsmarchtothebeatoftheirowndrum.Soputonyourdancingshoesandheadtothesesweet-soundingcities.NewOrleansInthe19thcentury，slavesgatheredonSundaystoplaydrums，dance，andsinginCongoSquare.ThoselivelyrhythmsofAfricaranheadonwiththesoundsofEuropetocreatejazz，atypicalAmericanartformthathasinspiredgenerationsofAmericansandspreadaroundtheglobe.Butthisisn’tsuit-wearing，head-nodding，politejazz.NewOrleansjazzsweepsyouoffyourfeetandmakesyoujumpandclapandsingalong.ChicagoLargenumbersofAfrican-AmericanslefttheSouthinsearchofbetteropportunitiesduring1916－1970andChicagoattractedscoresofthesepeople，whobroughtwiththemthesoundoftheMississippiRiver.Here，itchangedintosomethingsadandsymphonic：blues.BlueswasnotborninChicago，butitwasherethatitfoundanewvoiceandbegantospreaditsmessagearoundtheworld.MemphisMemphisisthebirthplaceofrockandroll.ItwashereinSunStudiosinthesummerof1951thatIkeTurnerandhisbandtheDeltaCatsrecorded“Rocket88”，widelyregardedasthefirstrockandrollsong.But，likesomanygreatthings，ithappenedbyaccidentthattheguitarist’sloudspeakerbrokedownduringtherecording，creatingauniqueguitarsoundthatwouldbecomeahallmarkofthemusic.Peopledidn’tknowhowtoclassifyit，buttheyknewtheylovedit.Therestishistory.NewYorkCityNewYorkisoneoftheworld’sgreatestcitieswhereyoucanlistentoallkindsofmusic.ButtoexperienceatrueNewYorkstateofmind，youhavetoleavetheshinytowersandBroadwayshowsofManhattanandheadtoHarlem，theBronx，Brooklyn，andQueenstoexplorethecity’ship-hophistory.eq\x(语篇解读本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了爵士、布鲁斯、摇滚及嘻哈乐的起源及特色。)1．WhatdoNewOrleansjazzandChicagoblueshaveincommon?A．Theysoundverysad.B．Theyhavesimilarorigin.C．Theyhappenedbyaccident.D．Theyareplayedontheguitar.答案B解析推理判断题。根据NewOrleans一节中的第二句及Chicago一节中的第一、二句可推断，爵士及布鲁斯音乐的起源很相似：都是源于美国。故选B。2．Whenwasrockandrollborn?A．Inthe19thcentury.B．Inthelate19thcentury.C．Intheearly20thcentury.D．Inthemid-20thcentury.答案D解析细节理解题。根据Memphis一节中的第二句可知，摇滚乐是在20世纪中期诞生的。故选D。3．WhatareHarlemandQueensknownfor?A．Blues. B．Jazz.C．Hip-hop. D．Rockandroll.答案C解析细节理解题。根据NewYorkCity一节中的第二句可知，哈莱姆区和皇后区以嘻哈文化而著名。故选C。BScientificeducationaltoyscandevelopkid’sreasoning，problem-solvingandcriticalthinkingcapacityandimprovetheirhand-eyecoordination(协调)．Butthemostpowerfulthingisthatthechildrenwillassociatelearningwithfun.Thatmeanstheywillgrowintoadultswithathirstforknowledgeandahighlydevelopedsetofskillsforlearning.Herearesomeofthebest：·ScienceKitYoucanguaranteetwothingsifyoubuyyourkidsone：alotoffunandalotofmess.It’sa20-piecekitthatteachesthebasicsofchemicalreactions.It’srecommendedforkidsaged6andabove，withadultcompany.Youdon’thavetobeascientist，sincethereisanactivitybookwithinstructionsforpossibleexperiments.·MiniTerraKitYoudon’thavetowaitforthesuntocomeouttoteachkidsaboutthenaturalworld.Thisall-inclusivekitisaminiaturegardenthatsimulatesanaturalenvironmentbyusingapowerfulLEDlight.Itincludesaterrariumjar，light-upjarlid，MicroUSBcharger，andallthenaturalingredientstogetstarted.Italsohasasimpleinstructionbookletthatyoucanworkthroughwithyourkids.·GravityRunThisclassicisnotjustaboutbuildingastructureandwatchingthemarblesgoupanddown.Thegamesaredesignedforkidsaged8＋todevelopspatialawareness，planning，andreasoning.With60challenges(beginnertoexpert)，thisaward-winninggamecanbeenjoyedbyallthefamily.Theexpertlevelsareactuallyquitechallenging，sobepreparedforsomefailures.·WeRoKitThisprize-winningrobottoyfeaturesover840pieces，aWeRoMoveHub，InteractiveMoto，andaDistanceSensor.Youcanbuilditinto5completelydifferentrobots，meaningendlessfunforthekidsandevenadults.Oncethey’vebuiltthecharacteroftheirchoice，theycanprogrammeittoperformcountlesstasksincludingwalkingandtalkingonitsown.eq\x(语篇解读本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四种有助于培养孩子们思维和动手能力的玩具。)4．Whatisthegreateststrengthofscientificeducationaltoys?A．Trainingyoungscientists.B．Stimulatinglearningdesire.C．Developinghand-eyecoordination.D．Buildingupproblem-solvinghabits.答案B解析细节理解题。从首段第二句可知，科学教育玩具的最大优势是将玩和学联系起来，即激发孩子的学习欲望。故选B。5．Whichtoysuitskidswhoenjoygrowingplants?A．ScienceKit. B．MiniTerraKit.C．GravityRun. D．WeRoKit.答案B解析细节理解题。根据MiniTerraKit部分的前三句可知，MiniTerraKit这个玩具可以让孩子接触自然世界。因此适合喜欢植物的孩子。故选B。6．WhatisspecialaboutWeRoKit?A．Ithasdifferentlevels.B．Itistheonlyprize-winner.C．Itrequiresparentalguidance.D．Itinvolvesprogrammingskills.答案D解析细节理解题。根据WeRoKit部分的第三句可知，WeRoKit的特别之处在于它涉及编程技能。故选D。CTeenAdventure：EuropeCoasttoCoast2022IfyouareinterestedinEuropeCoasttoCoastforthesummerof2022，pleasereachouttousandwewillnotifyyouwhenwe’vepublishedthe2022scheduleandopenedtheapplication.Holland，Belgium，ParisOurgroupwillgatherinAmsterdamandspendthefirstnightintheancientDutchcityofHaarlembeforepickingupthewell-traveledNordzeeroutebikeroute.Thisprotected，coastalpathwindsitswayalongthecoastoftheNorthSeafornearly300miles，pastwindmillsandoverbanks.We’llmakeourwaythroughcharmingDutchandBelgiantownsandcrosstheborderintoFrance.OnceinFrance，we’llridequietcountryroadsthroughsmallvillages，enjoyingthemanydelightsofruralFrenchlifealongourway.We’llcontinuesouthtoChantillyandtakeatrainintospendadayintheCityofLight.RuralFrance，Germany’sBlackForest&theBodenseeFromParis，wecontinueeastthroughthevineyard(葡萄园)coveredhillsoftheChampagneregion，intothegreenvalleysofAlsace-Lorraine，andthenontoStrasbourg，rightonFrance’sbord