专转本英语复习要点

专转本大学英语复习要点主讲人刘谋宏阅读理解方法1.精准定位，节省时间，提高正确率每篇文章最重要的就是第一段的第一句，最后一句;每段的第一句和最后一段的最后一句。因为这些往往是中心句，对于文章的思路，架构，作者的态度，有很强的说明性。阅读理解一如果第一段较短，可读完再看第一道题目，看能否做，如不能做，即问题在第一段中未提及，则接着往下读，读到能做为止。如果第一段较长，则可读一半或一个层次后，找到中心句，看第一道题，看能做否，不能，接着读。二以后几段，先看题后看文章，读一段做一题。如果题目涉及多段，则看完所有相关段落后，做题。三近年来，阅读文章一般是一段一题，但有时一题涉及多段，一段涉及多题。但每段的题目分配比较均匀。阅读理解2.解题技巧：一主旨题：主旨题一般会放在第一个或最后一个考。如果放在第一个，则看完全文再做。主旨题一般会涉及文章最中心的东西。应注意看文章的第一段和每段首句进行总结。正确解的特征：含有文章所涉及的中心词，简明扼要但概括全面。切记：1)只反映文章某一细节或某一段落的选项一定不是答案。

2)如果文章用了大量的篇幅阐述一个问题或说明一个事物，只在最后用少量的文字提及了一些与前面所论相反的内容或其他与前面所论关系不很紧密的内容，文章的主旨不受后面的影响。能概括文章主要阐述内容的为解。阅读理解二态度题：一般考作者的态度，有时也考文中某人的态度。态度题最重要的是“看清楚是谁对谁的态度、谁对什么的态度”。作者的态度一般会孕于文章的行文之中，一些形容词、副词都能表现作者的态度。eg：seem常表示作者对所论问题的否定、批评态度。only也常表示否定态度。双重否定表示作者的强烈肯定或强烈否定，所以，此时作者的态度便不太可能是objective(客观的)了，一般多掺进了作者自己的感情好恶。阅读理解有时作者也不直接表明态度，会通过举例或引用他人的话来说明自己的态度。此时应注意：所引、举的例子与作者所论述的观点是否一致，可借此来判断作者自己的态度。注：(1)当问作者其所论内容的态度时，如当备选答案中有indifferent(漠不关心的)时，可首先排除，因为如果作者是漠不关心的话，就不会写文章论述了。阅读理解(2)一些表态度的词汇subjective主观的objective客观的positive肯定的negative否定的optimistic乐观的pessimistic悲观的biased有偏见的partial片面的、偏见的impartial公平的、无偏见的puzzling困惑的relevant适当的、中肯的appreciable欣赏的indignant愤怒的supportive支持的apprehensive担忧的阅读理解三例证题：例证题考察的是文章的逻辑结构。这样的文章结构一般是“先举例后论点”或“先论点后举例”切记：遇到问“作者举xx例子的目的”时，有关例子本身的选项一定不是答案。正确答案的特征：跳出例子本身，从宏观上概括，全面而合情合理。但有的时候会专门考所引的话的意思，这样的题就属于例子本身题，可具体问题具体分析。阅读理解四引证题：引证题是指对关于于文章中作者引用别人的话或是名言，或是他人的观点等等而设置的问题。做此类题一定要注意看作者所引用的观点与作者自己的观点是否一致，如果一致，可从整篇文章的思路推理，如不一致，可从文章的反向考虑。要点：返回原文，仔细比较阅读理解五细节题：细节题是每篇文章中最多的一种题型。做此类题的要点是：返回原文，找准出处。步骤：1根据题干中的中心词定位原文段落，如选项中有内容超出此段落的可首先排除。2选项中未含文章或该段落中心词的，首先排除。3如果是”有无“or”是非“题的话，则依题支的中心词定位原文。4定位原文后，仔细对照，如果选项可以在文章找到确切依据，则是答案;如找不到，则非答案。阅读理解正确选项的特征：一般不会与原文一模一样，通常是原文的”换个说法“1如文中是双重否定，答案一般会以肯定形式出现;文中肯定，答案是双重否定2换词法，把关键词换为其同义词或近义词。(所换词多为n.、adj)3很多时候，正确选项为段落的主旨句或强转折、强对比之后的观点。干扰项的特点：1内容是原文中的信息，但与题目不符。2符合常理，但文中未提及。3含有原文原句中的单词，尤其是生词、难词，则必不是答案。4将文章中的非绝对的观点绝对划，非具体的内容具体化。5偷梁换柱，张冠李戴阅读理解六标题题：标题题一般考的是对文章的概括能力。正确答案的特征：简明而全面地概括全篇内容，含有中心词只说明了文章某个或某几个段落的观点的，不是答案阅读理解七体裁题(或出处题)考察文章的体裁。真题目前为止只出过三类体裁：preface序言;newspaper新闻报刊bookreview书评八段落主旨题：若题目中直接指明了段落，问能从x段中得出.....结论、观点，则多考段落的主旨，这时应注意该段的中心句。若段落中出现了强转折，则可能是答案之所在。阅读理解Passage1Differentcountriesanddifferentraceshavedifferentmanners.BeforeenteringahouseinsomeAsiancountries，itisgoodmannerstotakeoffyourshoes.InEuropeancountries,eventhoughshoessometimeseverymuddy,thisisnotdone.AguestinaChinesehousesometimesdoesnotfinishadrink.Heleavesalittle,toshowthathehashadenough.InaMalayhouse,too,aguestalwaysleavesalittlefood.InEngland,aguestalwaysfinishesadrinktoshowthatheenjoysit.阅读理解

Weshouldliketofindthecustomsofotherraces,sothattheywillnotthinkusill-mannered.Butpeopleallovertheworldagreethatbeingwell-manneredreallymeansbeingkindandhelpingothers,especiallythoseolderorweakerthanourselves.Ifyourememberthis,youwillnotgoveryfarwrong.()1.Accordingtothepassage,aknowledgeofthecustomsofotherraces

.A.isveryusefulB.isunnecessaryC.isunimportantD.doesnotmeanmuch阅读理解2.Apersonwithgoodmannersthinkof

.A.theolderbeforehimselfB.himselfbeforeothersC.noonebuthimselfD.hispersonalinterests5.Asdifferentcountrieshavedifferentmanners,

.A.it'sunnecessarytolearntheirmannersB.weshouldtrytofindoutthedifferencesinthecustomsC.itshouldbewrongtogooutofone'swaytodoanythingD.learningalittlesecondlanguagewouldbehelpful阅读理解Herearesomeexamplesofthethingsthatawell-manneredpersondoesordoesnotdo.Heneverlaughsatpeoplewhentheyareintrouble.Heisalwayskindeithertopeopleortoanimals.Whenpeoplearewaitingforabus,orinapostoffice,helinesuptowaitforhisturn.Inthebus,hegiveshisseattoanolderpersonoraladywhoisstanding.Itheaccidentallybumpsinto(碰撞)someone,orgetsintheirway,hesays,“Excuseme”or“I'msorry”.阅读理解3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?Awell-manneredpersonusually

.A.says"Please"whenmakingarequestB.makesanapologyforbumpingintosomeoneaccidentallyC.sitswhereheiswhenspeakingtoaladyD.triestohelpthosewhoareintrouble阅读理解Hesays"Please"whenmakingarequest,and"Thankyou"whenhereceivessomething.Hestandsupwhenspeakingtoaladyoranolderperson,andhedoesnotsitdownuntiltheotherpersonisseated.Hedoesnottalktoomuchabouthimself.Wheneating,hedoesnotspeakwithhismouthfulloffood.阅读理解4.Ifyouwanttobewell-mannered,

.A.youlaughatpeoplewhentheyareintroubleB.it'sallrighttospeakwithyourmouthfulloffoodC.youshouldstopsomeonewhenheistalkingD.youshouldspeakaftersomeoneelsehasfinished语法复习重点一、动词时态及语态题(大家应该记住九种时态，特别是其中的过去完成，过去进行时，客观真理要用一般现在时等)1、Themanagertoldusthatthisfactorywasbuiltin1958.2、Bythetimewegotthere，theplayhadalreadybegun.3、WhenIwasachild，Iknewthattheearthturnsaboutitsaxis.4、WhenMr.Delaygothomeafteraday’sexhaustingworkhiswifeandchildrenweresleeping.时态一：一般现在时A：表示习惯性的，永久性的或反复发生的动作，常与often,sometimes,usually,always等连用。B：表示能力，特征或状态

Shelovesmusic.C：表示普遍真理，事实。

Theearthmovesroundthesun.D:代替条件，时间，让步状语从句中的一般将来时。其结构为：规则变化的动词后面加s,以s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的动词加es.例题22.Thecompetitionfromexperiencedstaffmembers,someofwhomarehigherinrank,__________tomydisadvantages.A.worksB.workingC.workD.worked时态二：现在进行时A：表示现在正在进行或发生的动作B:表示现阶段正在进行的动作SheislearningEnglishatcollege.C:表示某个按最近的计划或安排要进行的动作

Heismeetingthemanagertomorrow.D:与always连用，表示重复，使人生厌。

Sheisalwaysreadingnovels.其结构为：be+v-ing;is+v-ing;am+v-ing;are+v-ing时态表示感觉，感情，情绪，精神活动，拥有关系等动词，一般不用于进行时态如：appreciate,care,desire,fear,hate,like,love,mind,want,know,hope,wish,agree,believe,expect,forget,mean,realize,matter,seem.Appear等。时态三：现在完成时用法1：表示过去所发生的动作或事件对现在的影响或所产生的结果，着眼点在现在。现在完成时常与不确定的过去事件状语连用：never,ever,yet,already,just,before,recently,once,by加现在的时间.但不能同确定的过去时间连用。

时态HehasbeentoAfrica.I’mgladtotellyouthatyouhavepassedtheexam.2：表示一个动作从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在，并可能延续下去，常同表示一段时间的状语连用：sofar,Uptonow,since,foralongtime.时态非延续性动词在现在完成时中，不能同表示一段时间的状语连用：come,go,begin,start,leave,e,join,end,die,find,lose,fall,jump,knock等。3：在时间，条件状语从句中，现在完成时代替将来完成时。其结构为：has+过去分词；have+过去分词。时态4：It(This)isthefirsttimethat….从句中要求用现在完成时。5：It(This)isthebest(worst,mostinteresting)+名词+that从句中要求用现在完成时。Havebeento曾经去过，现在有印象;havegoneto走了，目前不在眼前。例题21.Maryisoneofthebrighteststudentswho__fromNewYorkUniversity.A.graduated B.havegraduatedC.hadgraduatedD.hasgraduated35.Donotdisturbme.I____lettersallthemorningandhavewrittensixsofar.A.write B.amwritingC.waswriting D.havebeenwriting时态四：一般过去时重点于过去，说明动作在过去发生或结束。常用的时间状语：ago,yesterday,lastyear,等具体的过去时间。HewenttoBeijingthreedaysago.其结构为：动词的过去式。分规则变化和不规则变化。v+ed;went,made,became,需要平时记忆。时态五：过去进行时强调在过去某个具体时间里正在进行的动作。常用时间状语：ateighto'clocklastnight等。HewaswatchingTVwhenIcamein.其结构为：be+v-ing;变化形式：was+ving;were+v-ing时态六：过去完成时1：表示在过去某个动作或某个具体的过去时间之前已经发生的动作。时间状语by加表示过去的时间。2：在hardly,scarcely….when,nosooner…than等从句中出现。3：intend,mean,hope,want,plan等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示一个不来打算做而没有做的事。Ihadintendedtocallonyouyesterday,butsomeonecametoseemejustaswhenIwasabouttoleave.例题58.WhenIsawthemessmypaperwasin,itwasobviousthatsomeone___it.A.wasreading B.wouldhavereadC.hadbeenreadingD.hadread45.Itwasnotuntilthesubprimeloancrisis______greatdamagetotheAmericanfinancialsystemthatAmericans______theseverityofthesituation.A.caused;realizedB.hadcaused;realizedC.caused;hadrealizedD.wascausing;hadrealized时态七：一般将来时表示某个动作在将来某个时间里发生或进行。常用时间状语为：threeyearslater,intwodays等。Hewillfinishhisworktwoweekslater.其结构为：will+v;第一人称shall+v.begoingtodo;beabouttodo时态八：将来进行时表示在将来某个具体时间里正在进行或发生的动作。Ishallbewatchingfootballmatchatthismomenttomorrow.其结构为：shallbev-ing;willbev-ing.时态九：将来完成时表示某个动作在将来某个时间之前已经结束或完成。时间状语常用by加表示将来的时间。Theywillhavefinishedtheirhomeworkbythetimetheirparentscomebackhome.其结构为：willhavedone;shallhavedone.例题35.ProfessorWutoldusthatbytheendoftheyearhe___________hereforthreeyears.A.willhaveworkedB.willhavebeenworkingC.wouldhavebeenworkingD.hasbeenworking50.Hehopesthatwhenhecomesbackinfiveyears'timealltheoldbuildings_______down.A.willhavebeenpulledB.willbepullingC.willhavepulledD.willbepulled44.He______Englishfor8yearsbythetimehegraduatesfromtheuniversitynextyear.A.willlearnB.willbelearningC.willhavelearntD.willhavebeenlearnt.语态被动语态1：不及物动词及词组不能用于被动语态。2：用于被动语态中的不及物动词+介词，其介词不能省略。Lookfor,lookdownupon,laughat,dealwith,callon,askfor,objectto,referto等。3：get,e,grow可以代替be,构成被动语态

Theboygotdressedbyhissister.语态4：主动形式表示被动意义Ａ：某些感官动词加表语可以表示被动意义

Theflowersmellssweet.B：某些及物动词后面加副词表示被动意义：wash,wear,write,sell,read,open,cut,lock,peel等。

Thatkindofshirtwashesverywell.5:被动语态中的几个常用动词

语态By:表示动作的执行者；with:表示用某种工具或材料；of:表示由某种材料（成品中可见）；from:表示某种物质（成品中不可见）。Thedoorwascoveredwithpaint.非谓语动词二、非谓语动词题(特别是现在分词与过时分词的区别，大家一定要弄明白主动与被动这对最最重要的区别)1.Thefilmshownlastnightwasverymoving.(大家别忘了-ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别)2.Havingfinishedhislecture，theteacheraskedifanyonewishedtoaskedaquestion.非谓语动词3.Theproblembeingdiscussedisveryimportant.4.Givenmoretime，wearesuretofinishit.5.Willyoupleasemakeyourselfknowntoeveryonehere非谓语动词不定式1：下列动词常用不定式作宾语：agree,refuse,choose,attempt,fail,want,wish,seek,prepare,claim,consent,offer,decide,intend,ask,expect,tend,learn,pretend,decline,promise,determine,manage,hope,long,desire,plan,mean,dare等。非谓语动词2：下列动词常用不定式作宾语补语：ask,invite,press,beg,want,encourage,instruct,remind,command,request,force,get,wish,intend,advise,allow,urge,warn,tell,compel,cause,prefer,expect,persuade,permit,order等。非谓语动词3：不定式符号to省略A：hear,listento,feel,see,lookat,watch,notice,observe等感觉动词和make,have,let及help.但用于被动语态时，to要保留。B:在几个动词不定式具有同样功能时，to只用在第一个不定式之前。C：在why引导的疑问句中。Whynotdoitrightnow?

非谓语动词D：在hadbetter,hadbest,wouldrather,wouldrather….than,ratherthan,wouldsooner,wouldsooner….than,cannotbut,cannothelpbut,donothingbut等结构后面，to省略。E：不定式的完成式表示动作在谓语动词之前发生。有时在intended,expected,meant等之后，表示过去想做而未做成的事情。

Wearegladtohavevisitedsomanyofyourbeautifulcities.Iintendedtohavecometoseeyou.非谓语动词动名词1：下列动词后面常跟动名词作宾语：admit,anticipate,appreciate,avoid,complete,consider,delay,deny,enjoy,escape,excuse,fancy,imagine,finish,forgive,keep,mind,miss,pardon,postpone,practice,prevent,propose,quit,recall,resent,risk,suggest,mend等。非谓语动词2：在下列词组后面做宾语：goon,getthrough,insiston,persistin,keepon,beusedto,accuse….of,thinkof,beopposedto,objectto,withaviewto,inadditionto,carefor,giveup,lookforwardto,putoff,dreamof,charge…with,prevent…from,beengagedin,thank….for,feellike,aimat,devote….to,dependon,setabout,befondof,becapableof,beafraidof,betiredof,besickof,succeedin,beinterestedin,bekeenon,等。非谓语动词3：动名词的复合结构动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，可用物主代词或所有格名词来表示其逻辑主语。一般规则是：在句首要用名词或代词的所有格，在句中所有格和宾格都可用，但所有格更多见，如果这个逻辑主语是表示无生命的事物或以-s结尾的名词，或一个以上的名词构成的词组只能用宾格。

Tom’scomingisagreathelptous.Hisleavingisagreatloss.

非谓语动词Motherdislikedme(my)workinglate.Iobjecttohim(his)makingprivatecallsontheofficephone.Iknownothingabouttheplanhavingbeendrawnup.Itwasquiteunexpectedthestudentsfinishingtheexamsosoon.ThefatherinsistedonJohnandMarywalkingtoschool.非谓语动词4：动名词在need,want,deserve,repay,require,bear等动词及worth(adj)后面时，主动表被动。5：动名词和不定式在用法上的比较下列动词既可以接动名词又可以接不定式

Love,like,hate,prefer,dislike,begin,start,continue,intend,attempt,can’t,bear,propose,want,need,remember,forget,regret,neglect,try,deserve,can’tafford等。

非谓语动词A:一般来说，动名词的动作在意义上比较抽象，一般的，时间概念不强，不是一次动作。而不定式的动作往往是具体的一次行为。

Helikesriding.Helikestoridethelittlewhitehorse.在含有no的句型中常用动名词Thereisnopointpunishinghimsincehehasdonewhatshouldnotbeallowed.非谓语动词B：begin,start,continue,cease+动名词或不定式，意思差别不大。C：以下动词后接不定式或动名词，意思差别很大。

Stoptodo-------stopdoingRemembertodo----rememberdoingRegrettodo---regretdoingTrytodo-----trydoingWanttodo-----wantdoing主语为物Beafraidtodo-beafraidofdoing例题36.Teachersalwaystelltheirstudentsthatitisnogoodtoday’sworkfortomorrow.A.toleave B.leaving C.left D.leave48.It’snogood___________.Youjusthavetoputupwithallthese.A.complainedB.complainingC.tobecomplainingD.tocomplain非谓语动词分词1：分词和动名词的比较分词所修饰的词是分词的逻辑主语。动名词则不然。Sleepingcar-----sleepingboy2：有时候分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致，分词用来说明全句。

Judgingfromappearance,heseemstobeastrongman.Generallyspeaking,thisnovelisnotveryinspiring.非谓语动词3：分词的独立结构名词，代词+分词构成独立结构。表示时间，原因，条件，伴随。Thisdone,helefttheroom.Themeetingbeingover,thedelegateswentoutofthehallonebyone.Themoonhavingrisen,weputoutthelight.

非谓语动词Thatbeingthecase,we’dbettermakeanotherplan.Weatherpermitting,we’llgothereonfoot.Everythingtakenintoconsideration,hisplanseemstobemoreworkable.Hewaslyingonthegrass,hishandscrossedunderhishead.例题29.____fromthehill-top,thelakesceneryisbeyonddescription.A.Seen B.Seeing C.Tosee D.Havingseen48.Allthebookscanbeusedtoyourreadingcomprehension.A.training B.train C.betrained D.beingtrained49.Shedidnotknowwhethertosellherbooksor.A.tokeepthemforreferenceB.keepingthemforreferenceC.ifsheshouldkeepthemforreferenceD.tobekeptforreference例题55.moretime,shewouldcertainlyhavedoneitmuchbetter.A.Given B.TobegivenC.Giving D.Togive50.Theconcertwillbebroadcastedlivetoaworldwidetelevisionaudience_____thousandmillionA.estimatingB.estimatedC.estimatesD.havingestimated56.Withalargeamountofwork_____thechiefmanagercouldn’tsparetimeforaholiday.A.remainedtobedoneB.remainingtodoC.remainedtodoD.remainingtobedone例题55.___________,thenextproblemwashowtomakeagoodplan.A.HavingmadethedecisionB.ThedecisionhavingbeenmadeC.HasthedecisionbeenmadeD.Thedecisionhasbeenmade47._______themeetinghimselfgavehissupportersagreatdealofencouragement.A.ThepresidentwillattendB.ThepresidenttoattendC.ThepresidentattendedD.Thepresident’sattending48.Everything_____intoconsideration,thecandidatesoughttohaveanotherchance.A.istakenB.takenC.tobetakenD.taking49._______fromhearttroubleforyears,ProfessorWhitehastotakesomemedicinewithhimwhereverhegoes.A.SufferedB.SufferingC.HavingsufferedD.Beingsuffered例题51.Abouthalfofthestudentsexpectedthere______morereviewingclassesbeforethefinalexams.A.isB.beingC.tobeD.havebeenIt的用法三、It作形式主语及形式宾语题(这也是一个常考点，it本身是没有意思的，注意it还可以指时间，天气等。)1、ItisdifficulttostudyEnglishwell.2、Wethinkitisimportanttopasstheexam.例题57.TherapiddevelopmentChinahasachievedinthelastdecade___________thatthefutureislikelytobeveryexciting.A.makeitclearB.ithasmadeclearC.itmakesclearD.hasmadeitclear强调句型四、强调句型(大家要记住的是itis(was)……。that…。如果前面是itiswas后面往往选用that，当然强调人的时候也可用who)1.ItwasataneveningpartythatIfirstsawher.2.Itiswhatyouwilldothatisimportant.3.Whenwasitthatheboughtanewcar?例题29.Itisonlyinthemostdifficultcircumstances___aman’sabilitiesarefullytested.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.sothat例题43.ItisduringhissparetimeJohnsonhasbeenstudyingacourseinhistory.A.when B.which C.what D.that倒装五、倒装句型全部倒装句(考得最多的都是下面的部分倒装)1、Stoptalking!Therecomestheteacher.1、Sobadlywashehurtintheaccidentthathehadtobesenttohospital.2、Notonlydoeshestudywell，butalsoheisalwaysreadytohelpothers.3、MaryhasdonewellintheEnglishexam.Soshehas.Shealwaysdoeswellintheexam.倒装1.疑问句中的倒装2.therebe(以及其它表示状态的动词)结构中的倒装。Therestandsaweatherstationonthetopofthehill.3.虚拟条件句中的倒装如果虚拟条件从句中的谓语含有were,had,should,可省略if,句子倒装。Wereitnotforyourhelp,IwouldnothavegotwhatIhavetoday.倒装4.在here,there,now,then等引导的句子，动词为be,come,go,等，并且含有“引起注意”的含意。Nowcomesyourturn.若主语为代词时，句子不能倒装。Therehecomes!5.如果前面句子所说的情况也适合后面的句子，后面的句子常用so(肯定)，nor,neither(否定)引导构成倒装。如果表示附和，不倒装。Heisagoodstudent,soheis.倒装6.语法要求倒装在感叹句中的前置：Whatalovelybirthdaypresenttheoldladyhasreceived!在“themore….,themore结构中的前置：Themoreyoustudy,themoreyouknow.7.当“only+状语”用于句首表示强调时倒装，如不在句首，或虽在句首但不修饰状语时不倒装。OnlyinthiswaycanwelearnEnglishwell.倒装8.下述具有否定意义的词或词组放句首，句子倒装Never,seldom,rarely,little,hardly,scarcely,notonly,notuntil,bynomeans,innotime,undernocircumstances,undernocondition,innoway,innocase,invain,atnotime,以及notonly….(butalso),neither….(nor),nosooner….than,hardly…when,scarcely….when等。倒装9.让步状语从句中，as代替though或反代替，表语前置Youngassheis,shehasmuchexperience.10.为了加强语气，“so(such)….that”结构中，so,such置于句首时倒装。Sofastdidhewalkthatnoneofuswashisequal.

11.使句子平衡和上下文衔接的倒装GonearethedayswhenChinahadtodependonforeignoil.12.为了生动地描写动作，在in,out,away,up,down,off等副词引导的句子里倒装。Upwenttherocketintotheair.但主语为代词时不倒装。倒装13.在比较状语从句及其他比较结构中，为使句子平衡而用倒装。Hetravelledalotasdidmostofhisfriends.14.作宾语的直接引语放句首，主句倒装。“Help!help!”shoutedtheboy.例题49.Sofast____thatitisdifficultforustoimagineitsspeed.A.lighttravels B.travelslightC.doeslighttravels D.doeslighttravel23.Hardly____makingthespeechwhenthepeoplestoodupapplauding.A.hasthespeakerfinished B.thespeakerhadfinishedC.hadthespeakerfinished D.hadfinishedthespeaker24.Neverbefore______availableforquickandeasyaccessinsomanydifferentfieldsofstudy.A.somuchfreeinformationwereB.weresomuchfreeinformationC.hassomuchfreeinformationbeenD.somuchfreeinformationhasbeen58.Davidhasmadegreatprogressrecently.__________,and__________________.A.Sohehas,soyouhaveB.Sohehas;sohaveyouC.Sohashe;soyouhaveD.Sohashe;soyouhave从句六、从句中选择关系词(重点在定语从句,because,since,nowthat,asfor;so…that…such…that…)1.Itwasinsofriendlyawaythathetalkedwithus.2.Oct.15，2005isadaywhenwewilltakeourEnglishexamination.3.Wewanttobuythesamebookasyouarereading.4.Thesunheatstheearth，whichisveryimportanttolivingthings.从句名词性从句一：引导名词性从句的关联词连接词：that,whether,if这三个连接词在句中只起连接作用，不担任句子成分。That本身无意义，有时可以省略，whether和if本身有意义，均不能省略。That和whether可以引导所有的名词性从句，而if只能引导宾语从句。Whether可以做介词宾语，后面可接不定式。有时可加ornot,whether引导的句子可以放在复合句的句首，if不行。

从句ThathesurvivedtheaccidentisamiracleWhethershecomesornotmakesnodifference.Idon’tknowwhether(if)hewillattendtheconcert.Theproblemis(that)wecan’tgetthereearlyenough.Ihaven’tsettledthequestionofwhether(不用if)I’lllendhimthemoney.Hedidnotknowwhether(不用if)togetmarriedortowait.从句二：主语从句1：大多数主语从句都可以用it代替。但是，当what(whatever,whoecver,whichever)引导的主语从句不能用it作形式主语。Whatheneedsismoreexperience.Itismoreexperiencewhatheneeds.(X).

从句2：It作形式主语和引导强调句的区别ItwasinPariswheretheymetforthefirsttime.(X)ItwasinParisthattheymetforthefirsttime.ItwaslastsummerwhenhegraduatedfromtheCollege.(X)Itwaslastsummerthathegraduatedfromthecollege.从句三：固定用法和译法1：主语+名词+从句Itisapitythat…Itisafactthat….Itisgoodnewsthat…Itisnowonderthat….Itisashamethat…..

Itisanhonorthat….

Itiscommonknowledgethat….

从句2：主语+形容词+从句Itisnaturalthat…..Itisobviousthat…..Itisfortunatethat….Itispossiblethat…..Itisunlikelythat…..Itisstrangethat…..从句3：It+不及物动词+从句Itseemsthat…..Itturnedoutthat…..Ithappenedthat…..4：Itis+过去分词+从句Itisnotknownthat…..Itisnotdecidedthat……Itissaidthat……Itisreportedthat…..

从句Itmustbepointedoutthat….ItistobediscussedthatIthasbeenprovedthat…..5：其它Itdoesnotmaketoomuchdifferencethat….Itdoesn’tneedtobebotheredthat….Itisoflittleconsequencethat.ItsuddenlystruckmethatItsuddenlyoccurredtomethat例题41._____intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyouremailaccount.A.whatisrequiredB.whatrequiresC.ItisrequiredD.Itrequires52._____madetheschoolproudwas____morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.A.What;becauseB.What;thatC.That;whatD.That;because从句三：宾语从句1：由that引导的宾语从句下列动词后常跟that引导的宾语从句：admit,agree,answer,believe,complain,confess,decided,declare,deny,dream,expect,explain.Feel,hear,hope,imagine,intend,insist,mean,notice,order,propose,remember,reply,request,require,say,see,suggest,think,wish等。

从句2：由连接代词，连接副词和whether(if)引导的宾语从句。Advise,ask,discover,doubt,findout,imagine,inform,inquire,know,question,show,tell,understand,wonder.等。从句3：动词+间接宾语+宾语从句Hehasinformedmewhentheyaretodiscussmyproposal.Advise,ask,assure,inform,promise,question,remind,show,teach,tell,warn等4：作介词的宾语

从句Hewasnotconsciousofwhatanimportantdiscoveryhehadmade.That从句前面一般只有in,but,except等少数介词。Inthat:在于，因为，butthat:要不是，只是；exceptthat:除了。Hedifferedfromhisclassmatesinthathedevotedhissparetiemtoreading.从句5：that引导的从句常跟以下形容词后作宾语Anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sure等。6：如果believe,expect,suppose,think,assume后的宾语从句时否定的，一般要把否定词前移至主句上。Idon’tthinkhecandobetterthanme.从句四：表语从句结构：主语+联系动词+表语：be,look,remain,seem,appear,.引导表语从句的that由于不担任任何成分，所以可以省略。如果句子的主语时reason,表语用that引导。Thereasonwhyhewasdismissedisthathewascarelessandirresponsible.例题55.What’sthatnewly-builtbuilding?______thestudentshaveout-of-classactivities,suchasdrawingandsinging.A.ItisthebuildingthatB.That’swhereC.ItisinwhichD.Thebuildingthat57.Why!Ihavenothingtoconfess,______youwantmetosay?A.WhatisitthatB.whatitisthatC.HowisitthatD.Howisitthat从句五：同位语从句同位语从句是对先行名词作进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容。名词有：belief,fact,hope,idea,doubt,news,rumor,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,problem,order,等。也可以由what,where,whether,if引导。

例题26.Wordgotaround___________hehadresignedhispositionasexecutivesecretaryofthecommittee.A.whatB.thatC.whateverD.which53.Informationhasbeenreleased______moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversitiesthisyear.A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as从句Therearosethequestionwherewecouldgettheloan.Ihavenoideawhathashappened.在certainty,probability,likelihood,oncondition,onthesupposition,ontheground,withtheexception,inspiteofthefact,ontheunderstanding后面可由that引导同位语从句。例题31.Hissuccesswasduetohehadbeenworkinghardallthetime.A.that B.thefactwhich C.thefactthat D.thefactwhat27.Pleaseseetoitnoonecomesinwithoutidentification.A.that B.lest C.when D.which从句

定语从句使用要点1：关系代词的省略A：做直接宾语时可以省略Theman(whom)yousawjustnowisourdean.Isthereanything(that)Icandoforyou?B：在以therebe为谓语动词的从句中做主语的关系代词可以省略。Theoldprofessormadefulluseofthetime(that)therewaslefttohimtocontinuehisresearchinthefieldofelectronics.

从句2：如果关系代词紧跟在介词后面，不能用who或that,且关系代词不能省略。Thisisthequestionaboutwhich(不能用that)theyhavehadsomuchdiscussioninthepastfewweeks.3：如果先行词是all,little,anything,something,nothing,everything等不定代词，关系代词一般用that.Pleasejusttellmeanythingthatyouknowabouttheauthorofthebook.从句4：如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first,last,any,only,few,much,no,some,very修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which,who或whom.Heistheonlypersonthatwaspresentatthetime.5：在非限制性定语从句中，用which而不能用that,且不能省略。Which不仅修饰一个先行词而且还能修饰前面的句子。

从句6：as在定语从句中的用法A：引导限制性定语从句在限制性定语从句中，as多和such或thesame连用，构成such….as,thesame….as,可以代替先行词是人或物的名词，在thesame….as中，that可以代替as。Suchpeopleasweremendedbyhimwerereliable.I’dliketousethesametoolas(that)isusedhere.从句B:引导非限制性定语从句在引导非限制性定语从句中，as代替整个主句，可以位于主句之前，中间或后面。一般用逗号隔开，常译为“正如….一样”。Asmightbeexpected,Johnwasadmittedintotheuniversity.MoreAmericantroopsarebeingsenttotheMiddleEast,asIhavelearntfrothenewspaper.

从句下面常用的as引导的结构一般用于句首Asiswellknown,Asisoftenthecase,Asmaybeimagined,Ashasbeensaidbefore,Asoftenhappens,AshasbeenpointedoutAswillbeshownin…..从句7：But在从句中的用法But也可以引导定语从句，同具有否定意义的主句连用，其先行词可以是人也可以是物，在意义上等于that….not;who….not;which….not,只用于限制性定语从句。Thereisnomotherbutlovesherchildren.Therewasnotonehousebutwasburntdown.Therewasnotasinglestudentinmyclassbutlearntalotfromhim.例题24.Shehasbroughtwithwhatyouhavegivenherhusbandandyouhavetoldhim.A.that B.which C.allwhat D.allthat46.Manythingsthatwereimpossibleinthepastarequitecommontoday.A.considering B.beingconsidered C.tobeconsider D.considered48.Thetwoelementswaterismadeuparethegases----oxygenandhydrogen.A.that B.which C.ofwhich D.withwhich38.Thereismuchcanbedoneabouttheaccidentsfro