外研版高中英语必修三 （The world of science）课件(第2课时)

Unit3Theworldofscience第2课时

PresentationDefinition（定义）:现在完成时的被动语态表示到现在为止某事已经被完成或被做.常用句式肯定式主语＋have/hasbeendone...否定式主语＋have/hasnotbeendone...一般疑问式Have/Has＋主语＋beendone...？特殊疑问式疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋beendone...？现在完成时的被动语态的用法1．表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，通常与already，yet，never，recently等副词及时间状语sofar，bynow，uptill/tonow，since等连用。Thedatabasehasalreadybeenupdated.数据库已经被更新了。(现在可以使用新的数据库了)2．表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在，并可能继续持续下去，常与for或since等引出的时间状语(从句)连用，或用于howlong引出的句子中。Themachinehasbeenrepairedfortwohours.这台机器已经被修了两个小时了。(可能还会继续被修)3．用在条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已经完成的动作。Youshouldn’tleaveschoolbeforeyourhomeworkhasbeenfinished.在你的作业没完成之前你不应该离开学校。使用现在完成时的被动语态要注意6点问题1．与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。Theparkwasopenedtothepubliclastyear.去年这个公园向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去)Theparkhasbeenopenedtothepublic.这个公园已向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去，但对现在有影响，即现在公园已经向公众开放了)2．非延续性动词，如borrow，finish，begin，start，buy，marry，open，join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时态。Theworkwasfinishedtwoweeksago.这项工作于两周前被完成。Theworkhasbeenfinished.这项工作已经被完成。3．短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持其完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。Itissaidthattheproblemhasbeenlookedinto.据说已经调查了这个问题。4．只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。Wehavebuiltmanyhousesinthepasttenyears.→Manyhouseshavebeenbuiltinthepasttenyears.在过去的十年里我们建了很多房子。5．带有双宾语的动词，如give，send，bring，take，teach，show，tell，make，sing，write，read，sell，buy，tell，pay，lend，pass，promise等，变为被动语态时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。Wehavegivenhimalotofcash.→Hehasbeengivenalotofcash.→Alotofcashhasbeengiventohim.我们给了他很多现金。6．带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾补改为主语补足语。原来省略to的不定式作宾补的，被动语态中要用带to的不定式。Ihavetoldthemtotaketheiridentitycards.→Theyhavebeentoldtotaketheiridentitycards.我已经告诉他们要带上身份证。PracticeRewritetheunderlinedsentencesinthepassageusingthepresentperfectpassive.①Ithasalreadyaffectedmanythingsinourlives.②SomerestaurantsinLondonhaveserved3D-printedhamburgerstocustomers.③Themostsignificancesuccessthatpeoplehaveachievedtodateisinmedicine.④Theyhavemadehumanbodyparts,includingabeatingheart,with3Dprintingtechnology.⑤Peoplehavegivenanew3D-printedshelltoaturtleinjuredinaforestfire.Answers①Manythingsinourliveshavealreadybeenaffectedbyit.②3D-printedhamburgershavebeenservedtocustomersinsomerestaurantsofLondon.③Themostsignificancesuccessthathasbeenachievedtodateismedicine.④Humanbodyparts,includingabeatingheart,havebeenmadebythem,with3Dprintingtechnology.⑤Anew3D-printedshellhasbeengiventoaturtleinjuredinaforestfire.SummarySummarizwewhatwehavelearnttoday.HomeworkRewritethefollowingsentenceswiththepresentperfevtpassive.1.Youcanseethattheyhavenotpaintedthehouseforyears.2.Itissaidthattwothieveshavebrokenintothehouse.3.Havepeoplecriticizedhisviews?4.Hehasnottakenawaythetwobooks.5.Wherehaveyourepairedthemobilephone?6.ThecompanyhasbroughtdownthepriceofthecolourTVsetagain.7.MyparentsgavemeatoyatChristmas.8.Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.9.Theysawtheboysmokingacigarette.10.Thebossforcedtheworkerstoworkdayandnight.Answers1.Youcanseethatthehousehasnotbeenpaintedforyears.2.Itissaidthatthehousehasbeenbrokenintobytwothieves.3.Havehisviewsbeencriticizedbypeople?4.Thetwobookshavenotbeentakenaway(byhim).5.Wherehasthemobilephonebeenrepaired?6.ThepriceofthecolourTVsethasbeenbroughtdownagainbythecompany.7.IwasgivenatoyatChristmasbymyparents.或AtoywasgiventomeatChristmasbymyparents.8.Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.9.Theboywasseensmokingacigarette.10.Theworkerswereforcedtoworkdayandnightbytheboss.Unit3Theworldofscience第3课时

Pre-readingReadtheshortintroductiontoBenjaminFranklinandshareanyotherinformationyouknowabouthim.Vocabularydraftv.起草，草拟declarationn.声明，宣告experimentn.实验lightningn.闪电fictionn.虚构的事metaln.金属attachv系，绑flashn.闪光conductv.传导scientificadj.科学的entirelyadv.完全地gravityn.重力accountn.记述proofn.证明，证据SkimmingReadthepassagefastandanswerthequestions.1.WhatdidFranklin’sexperimentaimtoprove?Hisexperimentaimedtotestiflightningwasreallyproducedbyelectricityorsomethingelse.2.WhatdoesthenewstudysayaboutthestoryofFranklin’sexperiment?Newresearchsuggeststhatthestorymaybefictioninsteadoffact.3.WhydoestheauthorofferthestoryabouttheapplefallingNewton’sheadinthetext?Hegivesanotherexampletodemonstratetheargumentofthepassagethatthestoriesbehindinventionsmaynotbetrue.Matcheachparagraphwithitsmainidea.Para.1

A.Questioningacceptedideas.Para.2

B.Benefitsofthestoriesaboutexploringscience.Para.3

C.BenjaminFranklin'sfamousexperiment.Para.4

D.Factsshouldbeproved.Para.5

E.Introductionofthetopic.Para.6

F.Noteverythingabouttheexperimentistrue.Key:para.1-Epara.2-C

para.3-B

para.4Fpara.5-Apara.6DScanning1.Readthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.1.WhatdidFranklin'sfamousexperimentaimtoprove?A.Itisdangeroustoflyakiteduringastorm.B.Peoplewereinterestedinelectricity.C.Franklinwasagreatscientist.D.Lightningwasrelatedtoelectricity.2.Whatdoesthethirdparagraphmainlytellus?A.Schoolsshouldcarryoutmoreexperiments.B.Franklin'slightningexperimentinfluencesstudentsmuch.C.Itisimportanttofindtruth.D.JustonegenerationofstudentsarecuriousaboutFranklin.3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Franklindiedfromanelectricshock.B.Acceptedideasareworthquestioning.C.ItisgenerallybelievedthatanapplefellonNewton'shead.D.Fictionismoreinterestingthanthetruth.4.Whatshouldwedotoprovefacts?A.Makingupfictions.B.Exploringscience.C.Carryingoutexperiments.D.Educatingmoreschoolchildren.5.What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardsthestoryofFranklin'sexperiment?A.DoubtfulB.CuriousC.ObjectiveD.NotmentionedKey:1.D2.B3.B4.C5.A2.Numberthestatementstoshowhowpeople'sattitudetowardsFranklin'sexperimenthavechanged.1.Franklin’sspiritofscientificexplorationisstillconsideredaninspiration.2.PeopleareamazedatandinspiredbyFranklin’sexperiment.3.ScientistsquestionswhatreallyhappenedinFranklin’sexperiment.Think&Share1.Howdoyouunderstandthestatement“...weshouldnotalwaysbelieveeverythingwereadorhear-evenifitisagreatstory”?Ithinkthestatementisright.Froma

scientific

standpoint,peopleshouldstick

to

thefactsandthefactsshouldbeprovedbyexperimentsandresearch.Agoodstoryisfictionwhichisoftenmoreinterestingthanthetruth.2.Whatqualitiesdoyouthinkagreatscientistshouldhave?Asagreatscientist,heorsheshouldhavemorethanonegoodquality,suchasbeingsmart,honest,objective,persistent,curious,

imaginative

etc.GroupworkWorkingroups.Explainyourunderstandingofthesaying“Seeingisbelieving”,andthengiveatalkaboutit.YourunderstandingofthesayingSupportingdetailsAs the old Chinese saying goes,“What you hear about may be false, but what yo