人教版选择性必修四Unit1ScienceFiction知识清单（原卷版）

(2019)人教版选择性必修四Unit1ScienceFiction知识清单Unit1ScienceFictionUnit1重要词形变化1．appointmentn．预约;约会;委任→appointvt.任命;委派;指定;约定2．guiltyadj.内疚的;有罪的;有过失的→guiltn．内疚3．declarevt.表明;宣称;公布→declarationn．宣称;声明4．calculatevt.计算;核算;预测→calculatorn．计算器→calculationn．计算5．divisionn．分开;分隔;差异;除(法)→dividevt.分开;分散;分配;分享6．urgen．强烈的欲望;冲动vt.催促;力劝;大力推荐→urgentadj.紧急的;急迫的7．explodevi.&vt.爆炸;爆破→explosionn．爆炸;(感情)爆发;激增8．mudn．泥;泥浆→muddyadj.泥泞的重点词汇1．ridiculousadj.愚蠢的;荒谬的;荒唐的2．absurdadj.荒谬的;荒唐的3．whereasconj.然而;但是;尽管4．presumevt.&vi.假定;假设5．alienn．外星人(生物);外国人adj.陌生;外星的;外国的6．blurredadj.模糊不清的;难以区分的7．inactionn．无行动;不采取措施8．bonusn．意外收获;奖金;红利9．nailn．指甲;趾甲;钉子vt.(用钉子)钉牢;固定10．suspendvt.悬;挂;暂停;暂缓11．gripvt.&vi.紧握;抓紧12．hazyadj.模糊的;朦胧的;困惑的13．joltn．震动;摇晃;颠簸vt.&vi.(使)震动;摇晃14．flipvt.&vi.(使)快速翻转;(用手指)轻抛15．stunvt.使震惊，使昏迷16．overstatementn．夸大;夸张17．fictionn．小说;虚构的事18．integrityn．诚实正直;完整;完好19．dignityn．庄重;庄严;尊严20．salaryn．薪水;薪金21．saleswomann．女售货员;女推销员22．dismissvt.让(某人)离开;解散;解雇;消除23．weeklyadj.每周n.周刊24．chairwomann．女主席;女董事长;女委员长25．superioradj.更好的;占优势的;(在级别或重要性上)更高的26．labourn．劳动(者);体力劳动vi.奋斗;努力工作27．leathern．皮革;[pl.]皮衣;皮外套28．backwardsadv.向后;倒着;往回29．fetchvt.(去)拿来;(去)请来30．pacen．速度;步伐;节奏vt.&vi.确定速度;调整节奏31．randomadj.随机的;不可思议的32．maximumadj.最大极限的n.最大量;最大限度重点词组1．testout检验;测试2．morelike更像是;更接近3．ona...basis根据;以……的方式(基准)4．prosandcons事物的利与弊;支持与反对5．superiorto比……更好;更胜一筹6．takeover占上风;取而代之;接管;接手7．conflictwith与……冲突或抵触8．turnout关掉;熄灭;在场;使朝外;结果是9．fallaway(逐渐)减少;消失10．haveanurgeto有强烈的欲望做某事重点句型1．Assheturnedaround，therestoodGladysClaffern.她一转身，就看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬站在那儿。2．Sheheardhimdeclarethathedidnotwanttoleaveherthenextday，andthathefeltmorethanjustthedesiretopleaseher.她听到他说第二天不想离开她，他感觉他不仅仅只是想取悦她。3．Itwasatteno’clocktodaythatthefirstofallTimeMachinesbeganitscareer.今天十点钟，第一台时间机器开始投入使用。4．Lookingaround，Isawmylaboratoryexactlyasbefore.环顾四周，我看到我的实验室和从前一模一样。5．ItfeltlikeIwasbeingdrivenfastonawindingroad.这感觉就像我在一条蜿蜒的路上疾驰。重点语法Grammar被动语态写作指导写一篇故事一、单词拓展词性转换1.appointvt.任命；委任→________n.约会；预约；委派→________adj.约定的；指定的2.guiltn.内疚；悔恨；有罪→________adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的3.weekn.星期→________adj.每周的n.周刊4.declarevt.表明；宣称；公布→________n.公告；宣言5.dividevt.分割；分配；除以→________n.分开；分隔；差异；除（法）；部门，处6.explodevi.&vt.爆炸；爆破→________n.爆炸；爆破（声）→________adj.易爆炸的；猛增的7.mudn.泥；泥浆→________adj.泥泞的二、重点词汇重点词汇1appointmentn．预约;约会;委任(1)makeanappointmentwithsb.与某人预约keep/breakanappointment守/违(爽)约(2)appointvt.任命;委派;约定;指定(时间、地点等)appointsb.as/tobe...任命某人为……appointsb.todosth.委派某人做某事(3)appointedadj.约定的[佳句]IamsorrythatIcan’tgotothebookstorewithyoubecauseIhaveanappointmentwithmydentistthisSaturdayafternoon.我很抱歉不能和你一起去书店了，因为我在这周六下午和牙医有约。[练透]—单句语法填空8.Onceyouhavemadean________(appoint),youshouldkeepitratherthanbreakit.(所给词的适当形式填空)9.Iwasappointed________(take)chargeofarrangingalltheactivitiesonthatday.(所给词的适当形式填空)10.WordcamethatthecommitteeappointedMrs.Brown________chairwomanoftheorganization.(用适当的词填空)[写美]—应用文之道歉信11.很遗憾我不得不取消和你在星期天书店的约会。It’sagreatpitythatIhavetocanceltheSundaybookstore________．重点词汇2declarevt.表明;宣称;公布declaresb./sth.tobe宣布某人/某事……declarefor/against表示赞成/反对……declarewar(on/against)(向……)宣战declaresth.open/closed宣布……开始/结束[佳句]Whentheteacherdeclaredmetobethewinnerofthesingingcompetition,Iwassurprisedandpleased.当老师宣布我是这次歌咏比赛的获胜者时，我又惊又喜。[近义]announce,state[练透]—单句语法填空12.Wedeclare________garbage-sortinginneweffortstobetterprotecttheenvironment.(用适当的词填空)13.RichardNixondeclaredthethirdSundayofJune________Father’sDayinAmerica.(用适当的词填空)[写美]—应用文佳句14.听到戏剧节宣布开幕，所有的学生都欢呼起来。________,allthestudentsburstintocheers.重点词汇3guiltyadj.内的;有罪的;有过失的先练基础—单句语法填空15.Whatgreatlystunnedmewasthathewasguilty________acrimeandwasputinprison.(用适当的词填空)16.Ifeltguilty________myconflictwithmydearfriendandImustapologizetohim.(用适当的词填空)•beguiltyof犯有……罪be/feelguiltyfor/at/about...对/为……感到内疚/有愧•guiltn．内疚;悔恨;犯罪;罪行再提能力—完美写作·一句多译·背诵(3)她说：“可是我已经欺骗了我奶奶”，脸颊上流下了内疚的泪水。①“ButIhavecheatedmygrandmother，”saidshe，andtearsofguiltfloweddownhercheeks.(并列句)②“ButIhavecheatedmygrandmother，”saidshe，tearsofguiltflowingdownhercheeks.(独立主格结构)重点词汇4urgen．强烈的欲望;冲动vt.催促;力劝;大力推荐先练基础—单句语法填空17.Itisstronglyurgedthatallthelamps________(turn)outduringthenight.(所给词的适当形式填空)18.AfterIhavereceivedmybonus,Ihaveastrongurge________(buy)manysciencefictions.(所给词的适当形式填空)19.Mybossurgedme________(calculate)thesalariesofallthesalesmenandsaleswomen.＝MybossurgedthatI________(calculate)thesalariesofallthesalesmenandsaleswomen.(所给词的适当形式填空)•have/feelanurgetodosth.有强烈的欲望做某事•urgesb.todosth.催促某人做某事urgethat...(should)dosth.极力主张/强调……做某事Itisurgedthat...(should)dosth.极力主张/强调……做某事•urgentadj.紧急的;迫切的再提能力—完美写作·一句多译·背诵(4)家长应该积极督促孩子利用这个机会参加户外活动。①Parentsshouldactivelyurgetheirchildrentotakeadvantageoftheopportunitytoparticipateinoutdooractivities.(urgesb.todo)②Parentsshouldactivelyurgethattheirchildren(should)takeadvantageoftheopportunitytoparticipateinoutdooractivities.(urgethat...)三．重点短语短语1ona...basis根据;以……的方式基准先练基础—单句语法填空20.Theytestoutthemachine________aregularbasisincasetheremaybesomethingwrongwithit.(用适当的词填空)21.Onthebasis________thesefacts,wecanconcludethattheridiculousrumorwasspreadbymyniece.(用适当的词填空)onaregularbasis例行地;有规律地;定期地onadaily/weeklybasis每天/每周onthebasisof/that...以……为基础再提能力—完美写作·词汇升级·背诵(3)(简单表达)Hehasformedthehabitofgettingupearlyandexercisingeveryday，whichenableshimtokeepphysicallyhealthy.(高级表达)Hehasformedthehabitofgettingupearlyandexercisingonadailybasis，whichenableshimtokeepphysicallyhealthy.短语2morethan多于，超过;不仅仅;非常先练基础—一词多义写出下列句子中morethan的汉语意思22.Sheboughtmorethantenhandkerchiefsandtwopairsofleathershoesatatime，whichmadehermotherexplodewithanger.23.Iammorethangladtohelpyouanalyzetheprosandconsofthechoiceyouhavemade.24.Heismorethanmyteacher;heisalsomyfriend.•morethan＋数词，表示“超过;不止”，相当于overmorethan＋名词，意为“不只是;不仅仅……”，相当于notonlymorethan＋形容词/副词，意为“非常，很”，相当于very•moreAthanB与其说B不如说A再提能力—完美写作·语段填空·背诵(4)Iwouldbemorethandelighted(我会非常高兴)ifyoucouldcomeandjoininmybirthdaypartyat7p．m.nextFridayatmyhome.Therewillbemorethantenfriends(将会有十几个朋友)．Thepartyismorethanforfun(派对不仅仅是为了玩);itisalsoformutualcommunication.Sopleaseacceptmysincereinvitation.短语3takeover占上风;取而代之;接管;接手takeoff起飞;匆匆离去;脱下;大获成功takeon呈现;雇用;承担takein包括;吸收;理解;欺骗;收留takeup占去;占据;开始从事根据句意用take短语的正确形式完成下面语段After____25____thefirmfromhisfather,Tom____26____somescientificideasand____27____someexperiencedandhard-workingworkers,whichsuggestedthathisfirmwould____28____soon.Tomheldthestrongbeliefthathisfirmwould____29____anewlookinthenearfuture.短语4turnout关掉;熄灭;在场;使朝外;结果是先练基础—一词多义写出下列句子中turnout的汉语意思30.Heturnedouttobeguiltyofhismeanwordsandtearsofregretblurredhiseyes.31.Keepinmindthatyoumustturnoutthelampinyourroomwhenyouleave.32.Thebossdeclaredthatallthestaffmustturnoutforthemeeting.33.ThefactoryturnedouttwiceasmanyTVsetsthisyearaslastyear.turndown拒绝;关小;调低turnin上交turnover翻身;移交;转变turnto求助于;转向turnup出现;调高再提能力—完美写作·完成句子/单句写作·背诵(5)所有的候选人必须在截止日期前交上申请表和相关材料。Allthecandidatesmustturnintheapplicationformsandrelevantmaterialsbeforethedeadline.(6)有如此多的数学难题要解决，我必须向我的老师求助。Withsomanydifficultmathproblemstohandle，Imustturntomyteacherforhelp.(7)你最好按时出现，或者比约定的时间早几分钟。Youhadbetterturnuppunctuallyorafewminutesearlierthantheappointedtime.句型1more...than...与其说……倒不如说……Heseemedmorelikeahumanthanamachine.他看着不太像机器，而更像一个真人。(1)more...than...与其说……倒不如说……(2)morethan＋数词或从句超过……morethan＋形容词非常……morethan＋名词不只是;不仅是(3)nomorethan只不过;仅仅notmorethan不超过;至多[佳句]Theexperiencewasmoreexcitingthanfrightening,duringwhichmyheartbeatviolentlythewholetime.这段经历与其说是恐惧，不如说是激动，我的心一直在剧烈地跳动。[练透]写出下列句子中morethan的汉语意思34.Paper-cuttingisatraditionalartforminChinawithahistoryofmorethan1,500years.____________35.Iammorethangladtohelpyouanalyzetheprosandconsofthechoiceyouhavemade.____________36.Thepartyismorethanforfun;itisalsoformutualcommunication.Sopleaseacceptmysincereinvitation.____________[写美]—应用文佳句37.我的英语取得如此大的进步以至于老师表扬了我，与其说我聪明倒不如说我勤奋。ImadesuchgreatprogressinEnglishthatmyteacherpraisedme,sayingthatI____________．句型2完全倒装句Assheturnedaround,therestoodGladysClaffern.她转过身来，格拉迪斯·克拉芬站在那里。(1)表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词，如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，out等置于句首，且主语是名词，谓语动词是不及物动词时，句子需用完全倒装。(2)此时，句子多用一般现在时或一般过去时。[佳句]Inthecenterofourschoolliesourlibrary,whichisbetweenthegardenandtheteachingbuilding.我们学校的中心是图书馆，它在花园和教学楼之间。[练透]—单句语法填空38.Assoonasthebellrang,out________(rush)thechildren.(所给词的适当形式填空)39.ThePublicSquareisaneye-catchingsightofthecity.There________(stand)astonesculptureofafamoushistoricalfigure.(所给词的适当形式填空)[写美]—微写作40.那里矗立着一座古塔，我的家乡因此而闻名全国。____________,forwhichmyhometownisfamousthroughoutthecountry.句型3修辞之明喻在读后续写中的运用ItfeltlikeIwasbeingdrivenfastonawindingroad.这感觉就像我在一条蜿蜒的路上疾驰。在读后续写中可以适当采用明喻这一修辞方法，增加故事情节的生动性。明喻主要采用like，as。[佳句]Whenheheardustalkingaboutthecolorfullife,thesmileonhisfaceshonelikeadiamond.当他听我们谈论丰富多彩的生活时，他的笑容灿烂得如宝石一样闪闪发光。[练透]—补全句子41.它在温柔低语，就像一个小女孩对她的母亲私语一样。Itmurmuredinasoftvoice____________.42.汤姆病得很厉害，不能去聚会。Tom____________andcouldn’tgototheparty.重点语法被动语态英语中有两种语态，一种是主动语态，一种是被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，或者动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者，则用被动语态。[观察例句]1．ItwasgoingtobetestedoutbyLarry’swife，Claire.2．Alltheworkhasbeenfinishedbynow.3．Nowshewasbeinglookedafterbyarobotthatlookedsohuman，anditwasdisturbing.4．Youareinvitedtomakeaspeechinourschool.5．Larrypersuadedherthattherobotwouldn’tharmherorallowhertobeharmed.[归纳用法]1．例句1中的黑体词部分为过去将来时的被动形式，其构成是was/weregoingto＋be＋done。2．例句2中的黑体词部分为现在完成时的被动形式，其构成是has/have＋been＋done。3．例句3中的黑体词部分为过去进行时的被动形式，其构成是was/were＋being＋done。4．例句4中的黑体词部分为一般现在时的被动形式，其构成是is/are＋done。5．例句5中的黑体词部分为动词不定式一般式的被动形式，其构成是to＋be＋done。一、被动语态的基本构成和用法被动语态由“be＋过去分词”构成，被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其变化形式与系动词be的完全一样。下面以do为例列举各种时态的被动语态的形式。时态被动结构一般现在时am/is/are＋done一般过去时was/were＋done一般将来时shall/will/am/is/aregoingto＋be＋done过去将来时should/would/was/weregoingto＋be＋done现在进行时am/is/are＋being＋done过去进行时was/were＋being＋done现在完成时have/has＋been＋done过去完成时had＋been＋done将来完成时shall/will＋have＋been＋done过去将来完成时should/would＋have＋been＋doneEveryoneisexpectedtoobeythefollowingrules.希望大家遵守以下规定。Somevolunteerswillbesenttotheremotevillagetohelpimprovetheeducationthere.一些志愿者将被派往那个偏远的村庄来帮助提高那里的教育水平。Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastontheradio.收音机上正在播英语课程。Theworkwillhavebeenfinishedbytheendofnextmonth.到下个月底这项工作将会已经完成。[即学即练1]用所给动词的适当形式填空43.Thetourists____________(accompany)byaguidewhentheytravelledinBeijing.(所给词的适当形式填空)44.He____________(envy)bymanymen,becausehehasabighouse,acarandagoodfamily.(所给词的适当形式填空)45.Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheirefforts__________(reward)withsuccessintheend.(所给词的适当形式填空)二、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题1．否定词not的位置在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。Hewasextremelydisappointedtohearthathewouldnotbegivenadoctor’sdegree.听到不会获得博士学位，他沮丧到了极点。2．“get＋过去分词”也表被动Wegotseparatedwhenweenteredthebighall.我们进入大厅时被挤散了。3．“be＋过去分词”并非都是被动语态系动词be，feel，seem，look等词后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，作表语用，构成系表结构，表示某种状态。I’minterestedinmathematics.我对数学感兴趣。Heseemsunsatisfiedwithhiswork.他似乎对自己的工作不满意。4．某些情况用主动语态来表示被动含义有些动词如read，write，clean，wash，iron，burn，draw，cook，keep，cut，open，blow，peel，sell，act等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，常和副词well，easily，smoothly等连用，且通常用主动结构表示被动含义。这些动词的主语一般是表物的词，且这些物往往具有某种内在的特点，这些句子的时态多用一般现在时或一般将来时。Thedoordoesn’topeneasily.门不容易打开。Bikesofthatkindsellwell.那种自行车好卖。5．动词短语动词短语在主动结构中是不可分割的，在被动结构中也是如此，不可去掉后面的介词或副词。Theoldmanwasoftenlaughedat.那位老人经常受人嘲笑。(不可省掉介词at)[即学即练2]用所给动词的适当形式填空46.Asweallknow，thispen____________(write)smoothly.(所给词的适当形式填空)47.I____________(take)goodcareofbymyunclewhenIwasyoung.(所给词的适当形式填空)三、动词不定式的被动形式动词不定式所修饰的名词或代词与其是被动关系时，动词不定式一般使用被动形式。不定式的被动式可分为一般式和完成式。构成意义一般式tobedone表示发生在谓语动词之后或同时发生的被动动作完成式tohavebeendone表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动动作1.动词不定式被动式的句法功能(1)作主语Sometimestobeunderstoodisnotaneasyjob.有时被人理解并不是一件容易的事。[名师点津]①动词不定式(短语)作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在后面。Itisanhonourtobeinvitedtospeakhere.能被邀请在这儿讲话，真是一件荣幸的事。②单个动词不定式(短语)作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Tobeadoptedbyakeyuniversityisdifficultforhim.对他来说，被一所重点大学录取是困难的。(2)作表语Thetaskistobefinishedbynextmonth.这项工作要到下个月才能完成。(3)作宾语Theboyaskedtobegivenanopportunitytotryagain.那男孩要求给他再试一次的机会。(4)作宾语补足语Hewantedtheboytobepunishedfortellinglies.他想让那个男孩因说谎而受到惩罚。(5)作定语Heisnotamantobedefeatedeasily.他不是一个容易被打败的人。(6)作状语Sheissentabroadtobetrained.她被送到国外培训[即学即练3]用所给动词的适当形式填空48.It’simportantforthefigures________(update)regularly.（所给词的适当形式填空）49.We’vehadagoodstart,butnext,moreworkneeds________(do)toachievethefinalsuccess.(所给词的适当形式填空)50.Therearestillmanyproblems_________________(solve)beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.(所给词的适当形式填空)2．不定式的主动形式表示被动意义(1)动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系时，不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon.今天下午我有许多事要做。(todo与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系)对比：I’llgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealettertobeposted?我要去邮局。你有信要寄吗?(post与主语you之间不存在主谓关系，只和前面的letter构成动宾关系)(2)在某些“形容词＋不定式”作表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.这个问题很难计算出来。(3)在too...to...结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。Thisbookistooexpensive(forme)tobuy.这本书太贵，我买不起。(4)betoblame常用主动表示被动。Whoistoblameforstartingthefire?谁应为放火受责备?[即学即练4]用所给动词的适当形式填空51.Thechairiscomfortable____________(sit)on.(所给词的适当形式填空)52.Thedriveris____________(blame)fortheaccidenthappeningjustnow.(所给词的适当形式填空)53.Theoldmanfoundthecomputerwashard____________(operate).(所给词的适当形式填空)54.Wehavefourreadingpassages____________(complete)inthecomingholiday.(所给词的适当形式填空)四、动词­ing的被动形式动词­ing形式所表示的动作是一个被动动作时，要用动词­ing的被动形式。包括其一般形式和完成形式。(一)动词­ing被动形式的构成形式用法一般式beingdone被动的动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生完成式havingbeendone被动的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前Thebuildingbeingbuiltwillbeourschoollibrary.正在建造的那座大楼将是我们学校的图书馆。Havingbeeninvited，Mr.Liwenttheretogiveaspeechthoughhewasbusy.李先生受邀去那儿做演讲，尽管很忙，但他还是去了。[即学即练5]用所给动词的适当形式填空55.____________(warn)abouttyphoon,thefishermensailedforthenearestharbor.(所给词的适当形式填空)56.Thequestion____________(discuss)nowhassomethingtodowithnature.(所给词的适当形式填空)(二)动词­ing被动形式的用法动词­ing的被动式在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、补足语、状语。Shedoesn’trememberhavingeverbeengivenachancetogoabroad.(作宾语)她不记得曾被给过出国的机会。You’llfindthetopicbeingdiscussedeverywhere(作宾语补足语)你会发现到处都在讨论这个话题。BeingselectedChairmanofthestudents’unionmadehimfeelproud.(作主语)被选为学生会主席，他很自豪。Havingbeentoldmanytimes，hestillrepeatedthesamemistakes.(作状语)被告知多次了，他仍然犯同样的错误。Whatmadehisparentshappywashisbeingadmittedtoafamousuniversity.(作表语)让他父母高兴的是他被一所名牌大学录取了。Themuseumbeingrepairedwillbereopenedtovisitorsnextyear.(作定语)正在维修的博物馆明年将开始接待访客。[名师点津]在动词­ing被动式前加否定副词not便可构成其否定形式。Tonywasvenyunhappyfornothavingbeeninvitedtotheparty.(作宾语)托尼因未受邀请参加晚会甚为不满。Notbeingallowedtogooutmakeshimveryangry.(作主语)不被允许出去，他非常生气。[名师点津]beingdone，tobedone与done作定语的区别tobedone作定语一般表示未来的动作;done表示被动完成的动作;beingdone表示被动的、正在进行的动作。Theproblemtobediscussed(＝whichwillbediscussed)atthemeetingisveryimportant.会上将要讨论的问题非常重要。Theproblemdiscussed(＝whichwasdiscussed)atthemeetingisveryimportant.会上讨论过的问题非常重要。Theproblembeingdiscussed(＝whichisbeingdiscussed)atthemeetingisveryimportant.会上正在讨论的问题非常重要。[即学即练6]用所给动词的适当形式填空57.Istillremember____________(take)totheGreatWallandwhatIsawthere.(所给词的适当形式填空)58.____________(hit)bythebigboyonthenose,thelittleboybegantocry.(所给词的适当形式填空)59.Iheardthissong____________(sing)inEnglishthen.(所给词的适当形式填空)五、几种特殊用法1．在deserve，need，require，want等词之后，总是用动词­ing的主动形式表达被动意义，相当于“tobe＋过去分词”。Theblackboardneedscleaning.＝Theblackboardneedstobecleaned.黑板需要擦干净。Thebrokenwindowwantsrepairing.＝Thebrokenwindowwantstoberepaired.那个破窗户需要修理。2．beworth后也常跟动词­ing的主动形式表达被动意义。Thebookisworthreadingagain.＝Thebookisworthyofbeingreadagain.＝Thebookisworthytobereadagain.这本书值得再读一遍。3．动词­ing被动式的复合结构当动词­ing被动式的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动词­ing形式之前加上物主代词或名词所有格(整个复合结构不作主语时，可用人称代词宾格代替物主代词，名词普通格代替名词所有格)Iamverypleasedatyou/yourhavingbeenhonoredwithamedal.我很高兴你获得了一枚奖牌。Thedecisionhavingbeenmade，thenextproblemwashowtomakeagoodplan.决定已经做出，下一个问题就是如何制订一个好的计划了。[即学即练7]用所给动词的适当形式填空60.Theroadiscoveredwithsomefallentreesandtheyrequire____________(remove)immediately.(所给词的适当形式填空)61.Thecountryhasalreadysentupthreeunmannedspacecraft,themostrecentone____________(launch)attheendoflastyear.(所给词的适当形式填空)62.Ifathingisworthyof____________(do),itisworth____________(do)well.(所给词的适当形式填空)Ⅰ.单句语法填空63.Trulyelegantchopsticksmight________(make)ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.(所给词的适当形式填空)64.Thebillionaireisreportedinthelocalnewspaper____________(rob)lastweek.(所给词的适当形式填空)65.Thegiantpanda________(love)bypeoplethroughouttheworld.66.Wewon’tstarttheworkuntilallthepreparations_____(make).67.Thesesmalltreesrequire____________(take)goodcareof.(所给词的适当形式填空)68.Despitethepreviousroundsoftalks,noagreement_________(reach)sofarbythetwosides.(所给词的适当形式填空)69.Theairport________________________(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.(用动词不定式形式)（所给词的适当形式填空）70.Asweapproachedthevillage,wesawnewhouses______(build).(所给词的适当形式填空)71.Iappreciated________(give)thechancetostudyabroadtwoyearsago.72.Henarrowlyescaped____________(run)over.(所给词的适当形式填空)Ⅱ.完成句子73.I’mpleased____________．给我这次机会我很高兴。74.Theyarelivingwiththeirparentsforthemomentbecause____________．他们现在和父母住在一起，因为他们自己的房子正在被重建。75.Hewasthelastone____________atthemeeting.他是最后一个在会上被邀请发言的人。76.Imagine____________onanislandalone.(leave)想象一下你弟弟被独自留在一个岛上。77.____________，the