英语语音语调基础课件

FoundationofEnglishPronunciationandIntonationFoundationofEnglishPronunci2OutlineI.IntroductionII.SpeechOrgansIII.EnglishPronunciationIV.EnglishIntonationV.RhythmicSkillsVI.Summary2OutlineI.Introduction3I.Introduction1.catvs.cut;leave,letvs.feel,school2.toptea,sitstill,lagbehind3.stopPeter,takeKim,biggrapes4.beam,boom,soon,moon5.competevs.competition;solidvs.solidityanalysisvs.analytic6.Thedayisbeautiful,isn’tit?3I.Introduction1.catvs.cut4Question:TheEnglishsuffix-ercanbeaddedtosomeplacenamesbutnottosomeotherplacenames.ColumnA

ColumnBLondoner *TorontoerNewYorker *DenvererNewfoundlander *PhiladephiaerLongIslander *SanFranciscoer4Question:TheEnglishsuffix5II.SpeechOrgansThreecavities:PharyngealcavityOralcavityNasalcavity5II.SpeechOrgansThreecaviti6PharyngealCavityPharyngealcavity6PharyngealCavityPharyngealc7Positionofthevocalfolds:VOICELESS

Whenthevocalfoldsareapart,theaircanpassthrougheasilywithoutvibrationandthesoundproducedisvoiceless.7Positionofthevocalfolds:8Positionofthevocalfolds:VOICED

Whenvocalfoldsaredrawntogether,theairstreamcausesthemtovibrateagainsteachotherandthesoundproducedisvoiced.8Positionofthevocalfolds:9Oral&NasalCavities9Oral&NasalCavities10III.EnglishPronunciationEnglishsoundsConsonants24/28Vowels12+810III.EnglishPronunciationEn11DescriptionofConsonantsVowelsvs.consonants:ObstructionofairstreamQuestions:

1.Whatisthedifferencebetweenvowels/consonantsandvoicedsounds/voicelesssounds?2.Dotheyhaveanyoverlapping?

11DescriptionofConsonantsVow12EnglishConsonants12EnglishConsonants13Vowelshapeandvowelposition13Vowelshapeandvowelpositi14Englishvowelsounds14Englishvowelsounds15IV.EnglishIntonationMajorintonationalconcepts1.Syllable2.Stress3.Intonation15IV.EnglishIntonationMajor161.SyllableAsyllablemusthaveanucleus/peak,whichisusuallythetaskofavowel.Exceptionsaresomeconsonants[l,m,n]asin“table,bottom,cotton”.SyllableStructure161.SyllableAsyllablemusth17TheSyllabicStructure

Anopensyllableoraclosedsyllable?17TheSyllabicStructureAnop18MaximalOnsetPrinciple(MOP)

MOP:Whenthereisachoiceastowheretoplaceaconsonant,itisputintotheonsetratherthanthecoda.E.g.telling,respect,inorganicE.g.conservative,mosquitoE.g.meaningvs.singing18MaximalOnsetPrinciple(MOP192.Stress

Stressreferstothedegreeofforceusedinproducingasyllable.stressedsyllablesunstressedsyllablesQuestion:Doone-syllablewordshavestress?Whyorwhynot?192.StressStressreferstot20Theruleofstress:Stressinwords20Theruleofstress:Stressi21Theruleofstress:Stressinwords21Theruleofstress:Stressi22

VerbconVICTinSULTproDUCEreBEL

NounCONvictINsultPROduceREbelVerbvs.Noun22VerbNounVerbvs.No23BLACKboardHOTdogGREENhouseblackBOARDhotDOGgreenHOUSECompoundPhraseCompoundvs.Phrase23BLACKboardblackBOARDCompoun243.IntonationTypesofintonationinEnglish1.Fallingtone2.Risingtone3.Fall-risetoneWhyisintonationclassifiedaccordingtothenotionoftone?HowisintonationrealizedintheseEnglishsentences?243.IntonationTypesofintona25Itwasaverycoldday.______________________________________________________25Itwasaverycoldday.26Itwasaverycoldday.______________________________________________________26Itwasaverycoldday.27

Youneedn'thavetoldhim.

______________________________________________________27Youneedn'thavetoldhim.28

Youneedn'thavetoldhim.

______________________________________________________28Youneedn'thavetoldhim.29FallingtoneQuestionsandresponses--Whatwillyouhave? --I'llhaveahotdogandacoke.--Whattimeisit? --It'saquarterpastfour.29Fallingtone30FallingtoneQuestionsandresponses--Whatwillyou↘have? --I'llhaveahotdoganda↘coke.--What↘timeisit? --It'saquarterpast↘four.30Fallingtone31RisingtoneYes/noquestionsandresponsesAreyoucominglater?IfIcan.MayIhelpyou?Yes,I'llhaveahotdog.ShallIwaitforyou?No,yougoahead.31Risingtone32RisingtoneYes/noquestionsandresponsesAreyoucoming↗later?IfI↘can.MayI↗helpyou?Yes,I'llhavea↘hotdog.ShallI↗waitforyou?No,yougoa↘head.32Risingtone33Fall-risetoneQuestions/statementsandresponses--DoyouknowGerman? --Icanreadit.--Everyoneknowsaboutit.--Well,noteveryone.33Fall-risetone34Fall-risetoneQuestions/statementsandresponses--Doyouknow↗German? --Ican↘↗readit.--Everyoneknowsa↘boutit.--Well,↘not↗everyone.34Fall-risetone35TheUseofEnglishIntonationThefallingtone:---indicating‘definiteness’and‘completeness’

Typesofsentences:OrdinarystatementsWh-questionsImperativesentencesExclamatorysentences35TheUseofEnglishIntonatio36Therisingtone:

---indicating‘uncertainty’,‘incompleteness’or‘politeness’Typesofsentences:Yes-noquestionsStatementsintendedasquestionsStatementsintendedtobesoothingorencouragingRepetitionquestions36Therisingtone:37Thefall-risetone:---showingcontrast,implication,disagreement,contradiction,orwarning,etc.Typesofsentences:StatementswherecontrastisimpliedStatementswhichimplyreservationStatementswhichshowdisagreementorcontradictionWarnings37Thefall-risetone:38ReadthesentenceswithproperintonationIreallyhatethatboy.Areyougoingtohatehim?Whatareyoulookingfor?Doyoulovethegirlyouarelookingfor?Iwillnotreadthebookforyou.What’syourname?Don’tworryaboutit.38Readthesentenceswithprop39V.RhythmicSkills1.Linking2.Assimilation3.Elision4.Contraction5.WeakForm39V.RhythmicSkills1.Linking401.Linking:

ConsonanttoVowelThepattern:awordendsinaconsonant+nextwordstartswithavowelForexample,inthephrase"turnoff"

401.Linking:

ConsonanttoVo41Ifyou'relinkingthesamesound,youshouldsimplyholdthesoundalittlelonger:had

difficulties;kiss

someonemake

coffeeWhentwowordsareseparatedbymorethantwoconsonants,treatthemasconsonantsequences:next

Friday;beast

memoryhelp

youConsonantlinking41Ifyou'relinkingthesames42Tolinkthefinalvowels/:/or/

/toafollowingbyaddingthe/

/sound:/

/and/

/before//sound:42Tolinkthefinalvowels/:43Theplaneishere.Theplayishere.Wearriveat9.Wearrivedat9.I'mgoingtobiteit.I'mgoingtobuyit.Keepplaying.Keyplaying.Readandfindoutthedifferences43Theplaneishere.Readand442.AssimilationAssimilation:surroundingsoundinfluence1.Onesoundisreplacedbyanothersoundundertheinfluenceofitsneighbor.2.Twoneighboringsoundsinfluenceeachotherandarereplacedbyathirdsoundwhichisdifferentfromtheoriginalsounds.442.AssimilationAssimilation:45AssimilationRules-1//to//withthanks;breatheslowly/z/to/s/thesesocks;Hewasseven/v/to/f/Ofcourse;We’vefoundit45AssimilationRules-1//to/46AssimilationRules-2/t/to/k/before/k,g/thatcup;thatgirl/d/to/b/before/p,b,m/goodpen;goodboy/d/to/g/before/k,g/goodconcert;goodgirl46AssimilationRules-2/t/to/47AssimilationRules-3/n/to/m/before/p,b,m/tenplayers;tenboys;tenmen/n/to/

/before/k,g/tencups;tengirls47AssimilationRules-3/n/to/48AssimilationRules-4/s/to/

/before/,j/thisshop;thisyear/z/to/

/before/,j/Hasshe?Thoseyoungmen/z/+/j/=/

/Doesyourfatherwork?Hasyourfriendarrived?48AssimilationRules-4/s/to/493.ElisionElision:thedroppingofasoundorsoundsExamples:robbery,murderer,camerasuffering,nursery,ordinaryfamily,handbag,February493.ElisionElision:thedropp504.ContractionContraction:thedroppingorabbreviatedpronunciationofcontinuoussoundsExamples:arenotwasnotdidnotwillnotmustnotcouldnotneednotisnot504.ContractionContraction:t515.WeakFormsSomewordshavebothastrongformandaweakform.Thestrongform:whenthewordisusedinisolationorinconnectedspeechinwhichthew