Unit+2+Language+Points1知识点讲义 高中英语人教版（2019）必修第三册

第页B3U2LanguagePoints1Period1ListeningandSpeakingmoral(adj.)道德的；道义上的(n.)品行；道德；寓意morality(n.)道德；道德准则；道义Amoraldilemmaisasituationinwhich(=where)youhavetwoormoredifficultchoicestomake.道德困境是指你面临两个或更多艰难选择的情况。makechoices作出选择traditionalmoralvalues传统的道德观念adeclineinmoralstandards/standardsofmorality道德水准的下降moralresponsibility/duty道义上的责任/义务havenomorals没有道德publicmorals/morality公共道德②faceamoraldilemma面临道德困境=befacedwithamoraldilemmaThinkaboutwhatyouwoulddoifyouwereeverfacedwiththesamesituationasthegirl.想象你如果遭遇和那个女孩同样的情况，你会怎么做。Sheshowedgreatcourageinthefaceofdanger.面对危险时她表现出巨大的勇气。=Sheshowedgreatcouragewhenfacingdanger/whenfacedwithdanger.facesth=befacedwithsth面临；面对inthefaceof即使面对（问题、困难等）；由于，因为③当先行词是situation（情况，形势）,stage（境地，阶段）,case（情况）,point（境地）,position（处境，状况）,condition（情形，条件）等表示抽象地点的名词时，若关系词在定语从句中作状语，则定语从句常用where或inwhich来引导。virtue(n.)高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质Heledalifeofvirtue.他过着高尚的生活。([U.]高尚的道德)Shegotthejobbyvirtueofhergreaterexperience.她由于经验较为丰富而得到了那份工作。noblevirtues崇高的品质by/invirtueof=bymeansof/becauseof凭借；依靠；因为；由于dilemma(n.)进退两难的境地；困境faceadilemma面临左右为难的困境beinadilemma处于进退两难的境地faint(vi.)晕倒；晕厥=passout(adj.)不清楚的；微弱的Duringtheexam,thestudentnexttoherfainted.考试时，她旁边的那个学生晕倒了。faintfromhunger饿晕过去smilefaintly(adv.)淡淡地笑了一下nothavethefaintest(idea)完全不知道afaintlight微弱的光/afaint(=slight)hope渺茫的希望/afaintsmile淡淡一笑Ifyouchooseone,youmightgetintroublefornotchoosingtheother(s).如果你选择一个，你可能会因为没有选择其他的，而陷入麻烦。getintotrouble/beintrouble陷入麻烦havetroublewithsth/(in)doingsth在（做）某事方面有麻烦takethetroubletodosth不辞辛劳地做；不厌其烦地做taketheentranceexaminationfor...参加...的入学考试allthetime一直；始终puttheneedsoftheotherpersonfirst首先考虑别人的需要giveupone’schancetodosth放弃做某事的机会getintomedicaluniversity进入医科大学carefortensofthousandsofwomenandtheirbabies照顾成千上万的妇女和她们的孩子们befullofhardchoices充满了艰难的选择stop/keep/preventsbfromdoingsth阻止某人做某事inneed在困难中；在危急中 inneedof(help)需要（帮助）beeagertodosth渴望做某事 beeagerforsth渴望得到某物IfIwereeverinasituationlikethegirlfaced,IthinkIwouldchooseto...如果你遇到像那个女孩所面临的一样的情况，我想我会选择...volunteer(v.)atthelocalshelter在当地的避难所当志愿者lookgloomy看起来阴沉沉的agloomyexpression沮丧的表情Whynothelphimwithhisschoolwork?为什么不帮他做作业呢？(helpsbwithsth帮助某人某事)Period2ReadingandThinkingentrust(vt.)委托；托付Lifeisprecious....Toapersonnothingismorepreciousthantheirlife,andiftheyentrustmewiththatlife,howcouldIrefusethattrust,sayingI’mcold,hungry,ortired?生命是宝贵的。对一个人来说，生命是最宝贵的。如果人们把生命托付给我，我怎么能说自己冷、自己饿、自己困，而拒绝这份信任呢？=...entrustthatlifetome,...entrustAtoB=entrustBwithA把A委托给B②beprecioustosb对某人来说很珍贵preciousmemories/metal珍贵的回忆/贵重金属③“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义“没有比...更...；没有像...一样...”AsfarasI’mconcerned,nothingismoreimportantthanhealth.就我个人而言，身体健康更重要。Icouldn’tagreewithyoumore.我非常同意。carrysbthrough(sth)帮助某人渡过难关tohelpsbtosurviveadifficultperiodThesewordsofDrLinQiaozhigiveusalookintotheheartofthisamazingwoman,andwhatcarriedherthroughalifeofhardchoices.从林巧稚医生的这番话，我们可以看到这位伟大女性的内心世界，以及到底是什么支撑着她走过充满艰难决绝的一生。It’sadifficultjobbutshe’sthepersontocarryitthrough.这是一项艰巨的工作，但是她这个人是能够顺利完成的。(carrysththrough成功完成；顺利实现tocompletesthsuccessfully)carrythroughonhispromises履行他的承诺(carrythrough(on/withsth)履行（承诺）)carrysbback(tosth)使回想起；使回忆carryon继续移动carrysbthrough(sth)帮助某人渡过难关carryon(withsth)/carrysthon/carryondoing继续做；坚持carryoutapromise/aplan把承诺/计划付诸行动carryoutaninvestigation/asurvey进行调查/考察majority(n.)大部分；大多数thelargestpartofagroupofpeopleorthingsmajor(v./n./adj.)Atage18,insteadoffollowingthetraditionalpathofmarriagelikethemajorityofgirls,shechosetostudymedicine.十八岁时，她没有像大多数的女孩那样走上婚姻这一传统道路，而选择了学医。Thisfilmisahitandthemajorityhas/haveseenit.这部电影很受欢迎，大多数人都看过。Inthe1890s,themajorityofthecitizensherewereblackpeople.在十九世纪九十年代，这里的大多数市民是黑人。Themajorityofthedamageiseasytorepair.大部分损坏容易修复。Inthenursingprofession,womenareina/themajority.女性在护理行业中占大多数。majorinmedicine主修医学amedicinemajor一个医学生themajorcause/factor主要原因/因素themajorityof...大多数...ina/themajority占大多数complain(vi.&vt.)抱怨；投诉；发牢骚tosaythatyouareannoyed,unhappyornotsatisfiedaboutsth“Whyshouldgirlslearnsomuch?Findingagoodhusbandshouldbetheirfinalgoal!”herbrothercomplained,thinkingofthehightuitionfees.“女孩子读那么多书干嘛？找个好丈夫才是她们的归宿！”她的兄弟一想到高昂的学费就这么抱怨。(complain+speech)Hecomplainedtorelevantgovernmentdepartmentsaboutworkingovertime.他向有关部门投诉加班这件事。Sheleftearly,complainingofaheadache.她说自己头疼，很早就离开了。complainofsth述说(病情或痛苦)Hecomplainedbitterlythathehadbeenunfairlytreated.他愤懑地诉说他所受到的不公平待遇。aformalcomplaint正式控告aletterofcomplaint投诉信complaintosbabout/ofsth向某人抱怨/投诉某事=makeacomplaint(n.)tosbaboutsthcomplain(tosb)that（向某人）抱怨②schoolfees学费/legalfees律师费/membershipfees会费/entrancefees门票/chargeafee收费respond(vt.)回答；回复(vi.)作出反应；回应response(n.)反应；回答；回复Sheresponded,“I’dratherstaysingletostudyallmylife!”她回答：“我宁愿一辈子不嫁人，也要学医！”=Sheresponded(toherbrother)thatshewouldratherstaysingletostudyallherlife.respond/reacttolayingoffwithstrike/bygoingonstrike以罢工来应对裁员Iknockedonthedoorbuthemadenoresponse/reply.我敲了门，但是他没回答。provokeanangryresponse引起了人们的愤怒inresponsetocustomerdemand为了满足顾客的需要respondtosb/sth（口头或书面）回答某人，回复某事respondtosthwithsth/bydoingsth用...方式作出反应/响应makea/noresponseto回答，响应/没有回答，响应；对...作出反应/对...没有作出反应inresponseto响应；回答；对...作出反应reject(vt.)拒绝接受torefusetoacceptorconsidersth；不录用torefusetoacceptsbforajob,position,etc.rejection(n.)拒绝接受；否决DrLin,however,rejectedtheoffer.但是，林医生谢绝了邀请。rejectanargument/adecision/anoffer/asuggestion拒绝接受一个论点/一个决定/一项提议/一个建议Hewantedtojointhearmybutwasrejectedbecauseofpoorhealth.他想参军，但因身体欠佳未被录取。Herproposalmetwithunanimousrejection.她的建议遭到了一致否决。painfulfeelingsofrejection受冷落的痛苦感受rejectsth=refusesth/todosth;turnsthdown;declinesth/todosth拒绝某事meetwithrejection遭到否决appoint(vt.)任命；委派appointment(n.)约会，预约，约定；任命，委任In1941,DrLinbecamethefirstChinesewomanevertobeappointed(as)directoroftheOB-GYNdepartmentofthePUMCHospital,butjustafewmonthslater,thedepartmentwasclosedbecauseofthewar.1941年，林医生被任命为北京协和医院妇产科的首位中国籍女主任，但是仅仅数月以后，女产科就因为战争而关闭。Shehasrecentlybeenappointedtothecommittee.她最近获得委任成为委员会成员。Theyappointedhim(as)captainoftheEnglishteam.他们任命他为英格兰队队长。Alawyerwasappointedtorepresentthechild.一名律师被指定为这个孩子的代理人。Adateforthemeetingisstilltobeappointed.会议日期尚待确定。herappointmenttothepost/asprincipal她获此职位的任命/担任校长的任命appointsbtosth/appointsb(as)职务/appointsbtodosth任命；委派appointsth(time/place)安排，确定（时间、地点）attheappointedtime在约定的时间makeanappointmentwithsbforsth/todosth为了（做）某事与某人预约tend(vt.)照顾；照料(vi.)倾向；趋于tendency(n.)倾向，偏好；趋势Shewasmoreinterestedintendingpatients,publishingmedicalresearchoncareforwomenandchildren,andtrainingthenextgenerationofdoctors.她更感兴趣的是治病救人、发表妇幼护理医学研究成果、培养下一代的医生。well-tendedgardens精心照料的花园Doctorsandnursedtended(to)theinjured.医生和护士护理受伤者。Womentendtolivelongerthanmen.女人往往比男人长寿。OnthematterItendtowardsyouropinion.在这个问题上，我倾向于你的观点。IhaveatendencytotalktoomuchwhenI’mnervous.我紧张时总爱唠叨。tend(to)sb/sth照料；照管；护理=attendtosth/sb处理；照料=careforsb照顾，照料；喜欢tendtodosth易于做某事；往往会发生某事tendto/towardssth倾向于haveatendencytodosth/thereisatendency(forsb/sth)todosth有做某事的倾向retire(vi.&vt.)退休；退职；退出retired(adj.)已退休的retirement(n.)退休；退职；退出DrLindidnotretireuntilthedayshedied,22April1983.林医生坚守在岗位上不退休，直到1983年4月22日她去世的那一天。retireasthegreatestbasketballplayerfromthesport作为最伟大的篮球运动员退出体坛aretireddoctor退休医生retirementage退休年龄/takeearlyretirement提前退休retireas从...职位上退休retirefrom从...退休/退出scare(vt.)惊吓；使害怕(vi.)受惊吓scared(adj.)害怕的；对...感到惊慌或恐惧的scary(adj.)Shewassoscaredduringtheinterviewthatshecompletelyforgothowsheshouldrespondtothequestions.她在面试时很跑怕以至于完全忘了该如何回答这些问题。Nianissaidtobeascary/frightening/terrifying(恐怖的；吓人的)animalthatpeopleareallscaredof,sopeoplesetofffirecrackersinordertoscareitaway.据说“年”是一种可怕的动物，人们都害怕它，于是人们放鞭炮来吓跑它。(scaresbaway/off把...吓跑)ItscaredmetothinkIwasaloneinthebuilding.想到楼里只有我一个人，怪害怕的。causeamajorscare引起严重恐慌(n.恐慌；恐惧)bescaredof(doing)sth/todosth/that...害怕做某事=befrightened/of(doing)sth/todo/that...=beafraidofsth/todosth=beterrifiedatsth/of(doing)sth/that...bescared/frightenedtodeath吓得要死=bescared/frightened/terrifiedoutofyourwits吓得魂不附体=beveryscared/frightened/terrifiedscare/frighten/terrifysb;Itscares/scaredsbtodosth做某事让某人害怕frighten/scaresbtodeath=frighten/scarethelifeoutofsb把某人吓得要命；吓得某人魂不附体replace(vt.)接替；取代；更换replacement(n.)替换；替换物；替代者ThestudentunionwillholdaspecialmeetinginJanuarytoelectsomeonetoreplacethesecretary.学生会将在一月份举行一次特别会议，选举一个人来代替秘书。TeacherswillneverbereplacedbyAIintheclassrooms.课堂上人工智能永远不会取代老师。Itisatendencytoreplaceplasticbagswithclothones.用布袋代替塑料袋是一种趋势。Ourmonitorwilltaketheplaceofourheadteachertoattendthemeeting.=Ourmonitorwi