1.动名词的用法(ppt)

Theuseof-ing动名词由动词加－ing词尾构成，动名词的否定结构:把not放在doing前面。即notdoingsth.／nothavingdonesth.

。一、动名词的名词特征

动名词的名词特征表现在它可在句子中当名词来用，作主语、宾语、表语、定语。例如：Beatingachildwilldomoreharmthangood．打孩子弊大于利。（作主语）

Doyoumindansweringmyquestion？你不介意回答我的问题吧？（作宾语）

Tokeepmoneythatyouhavefoundisstealing．把拾到的钱留起来是偷盗行为。（作表语）

Nooneisallowedtospeakaloudinthereadingroom．阅览室里不许大声说话。（作定语）

1）作主语①Doing+v.+…nouse/nogood/nofun②It`s+ashame+doingawasteoftime/moneyuselessdangerous

③Thereisno+doing...动名词作主语,如：

1）名词直接放在句首作主语。例如：

Seeingisbelieving.

Usingtherighthandtoshakehandsisaconventioninmanycountries.用右手握手是许多国家的一种习俗。

2）动名词在“Itisnouse/nogood/fun/awasteoftime/agoodpleasure等名词+doing”结构中作主语，it为形式主语。例如：

Itisnogoodwritingtohim;heneveranswersletters.写信给他不妥，他从来不回信。

Itisnouseyourcomplaining;thecompanywon’tdoanythingaboutit.抱怨是没有用的，公司是不会管的。3）动名词在“Itisuseless/nice/good/interesting/worthwhile等形容词+doing”结构中作主语。例如：

Itisgoodplayingchessaftersupper.晚饭后弈棋挺好。

Itisuselessspeaking.光说是没有用的。4）动名词在“Thereis(was)no+doing”结构中作主语。例如：

Thereisnodenyingthatsheisveryefficient.她效率高是不容否认的。

Thereisnotellingwhatheisgoingtodo.他要做什么一点消息都没有。1.It'snogood________oversplitmilk.

A.tocryB.crying

C.cried

D.cry2.Itisnouse________withoutthrough_________.

A.toread;understoodB.reading;understanding

C.toread;understandD.read;tounderstand3.________providesuswithessentialnutrients(营养),while________providesuswithoxygen.

A.Toeat;breathingB.Eating;tobreathe

C.Eating;breathingD.Eaten;breathed４．----Whatmadehimsohappy?----___________the

entrance

examinationＡ．BecauseofpassingB.Becausehepassed

C.HavingbeenpassedD.Havingpassed2.动名词作宾语

1）有些动词后面要求跟动名词作宾语。常这样用的动词有：

admit承认；excuse原谅；postpone拖延；anticipate期望；fancy想象practise

练习；appreciate欣赏；finish完成；prevent防止；avoid避免；forbid禁止；propose建议；consider考虑；forgive宽恕；recollect回忆；

delay耽搁；imagine想象；resent厌恶；

deny否认；involve涉及；resist抵制；

detest厌恶；keep保留；risk冒险；dislike讨厌；mind在意；save挽救；dread害怕；miss错过；suggest建议；enjoy喜欢；pardon原谅；escape逃避；permit允许常用口诀记住

避免错过

(少)延期

avoidmissdelay/postpone建议完成

(多)练习

suggest/advisefinishpractise喜欢想象

禁不住

enjoy/appreciateimagineresist/can`thelp承认否定

(与)嫉妒

admitdenyenvy逃脱冒险

(莫)

原谅

escape/envyriskpardon/excuse忍受保持

(不)介意

standkeep/keepon/mind例如：

Irecommendbuyingthedictionary.我建议买这本词典。

Idon’tanticipatemeetinganyopposition.我估计不会遇到任何反对意见。

Willyouadmithavingbrokenthewindow?你承认不承认打破了窗户？②作介词/短语动词的宾语:

S.+v.+prep.

+doing

lookforwardto盼望着

beusedto习惯于

putoff推迟

giveup放弃

S.+keepon+doing持续

succeedin成功做某事

can`thelp禁不住

feellike喜欢

bebusy忙于

Eg：（1）Heputoffmakingadecisiontillhehadmoreinformation.在获得详情之前，他没有急于作出决定。（2）Doyoufeelliketakingawalk?你要不要去散步？

3）WearelookingforwardtocomingtoChina.我们期待着来中国。（4）Wesucceededingettingoverallthedifficulties.我们终于克服了所有的困难。

4）在“havedifficulty(trouble,problem,ahardtime,fun,agoodtime)(+in)+动名词；

bebusy(in)+动名词；

wastetime(in)+动名词；

losttime(in)+动名词；

Thereisnopoint(in)+动名词”等结构中，动名词做介词宾语，in常要省去。eg：(1)Thechildrenarebusydoingtheirhomework.孩子们忙于做作业。(2)Thereisnopoint(in)makingthesimpleexperimentsonceagain.再做一次这种简单的实验是毫无意义的。１．—Whatcausedthepartytobeputoff?

—_____theinvitations.A.TomdelayedsendingB.Tom’sdelaying

sendingC.Tomdelayingtosend D.Tomdelayedtosend２

Iambusy_____fortheentranceexamination,soIcan’thelp_____houseworkathome.A.preparing;doing B.preparing;todoC.toprepare;doing D.toprepare;todo３.Hedevotedhislifeto________theatomic

theory.

A.study

B.bestudiedC.studying

D.havestudied４．Whatworriedthechildmostwas__________tovisithismotherinthehospital.Ａ．hisnotallowingB.hisnotbeingallowed

C.hisbeingallowedD.havingnotbeenallowed二、动名词可具有时态意义

动名词可以像动词那样表现时态意义，有一般式（doing）和完成式（havingdone）之分。动名词的时态意义是一个相对的概念，从属于句中谓语动词。一般式表示动名词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生，或表示一般性动作，没有时间概念；完成式表示动名词的动作在谓语动词的动作之前发生。例如：

Sheisproudofbeingbeautiful．她为自己的美丽而骄傲。（同时）

IamthinkingofgoingtotheIndustrialExhibitionthisafternoon．

我想下午去看工业展览。（在其后）

我为没能遵守诺言表示歉意。Iapologizefornothavingkeptmypromise．

（之前发生）

他因对国家做了这样大的贡献而受到表扬。

Hewaspraisedforhavingmadesuchacontributiontothecountry．（之前发生）

三、动名词可具有语态意义

如果动名词与句中的逻辑主语构成被动关系，即逻辑主语是接受动名词的动作，需用其被动形式（beingdone，havingbeendone）。其否定形式是：notbeingdone,nothavingbeendone例如：

他们无法忍受这样的待遇。

Theycouldn‘tstandbeingtreatedlikethat．（与其逻辑主语They构成被动关系，比较：Theyaretreatedlikethat．）

我听说他被选为那个队的教练。

Iheardofhishavingbeenchosentobethecoachoftheteam．（与其逻辑主语his构成被动关系，比较：Hewaschosentobethecoachoftheteam．)③主动表被动:

deserve(值得）

want(需要)

need(需要)

require(需要)Sth.+stand(经受)+doing

bear(忍受)

be+past(超过)

beworth(值得)

be+inneedof(需要) e.g.①Theroomwantscleaning.②Themethodneedsimproving.③Thispairofshoesispastmending.④Theproblemisinneedofworkingout.⑤Thequestioniswellworthdiscussing.

needSth.+require还可以+tobedonewant

但beworth(+while)只能+doing

#Sth.+beworthyof+n./beingdone

Sth.+beworthy+todo/tobedoneEg:

(1)Theflowersinthegardenwantwatering．花园里的花需要浇水了。（比较Theflowersinthegardenwanttobewatered．）(3)That‘soneofthosequestionsthatreallydon’tneedanswering．那是一个那种真的不需回答的问题。（比较：Thequestionsdon‘tneedtobeanswered．）

(4)Hissuggestionisworthconsidering.

他的提议值得考虑Hissuggestionisworthytobeconsidered.

3）

allow,advise,forbid,permit等动词后直接跟所有格及动词作宾语时，要用V-ing形式；如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，然后再跟宾语补足语（即构成复合宾语），其宾语补足语用带to的不定式。我不允许他在此地游泳。

Idon’tallowhisswimminghere.Idon’tallowhimtoswimhere.

１.Somefoodsareeatenwithout____________.A.wellabsorbing（吸收

B.beingwellabsorbedC.absorbingD.wellabsorbed２.Articles(物品)usedbypatientsmustbedisinfected(消毒)before___________others.A.usingB.beingusedbyC.usedbyD.beingusing３.Heattendedthepartywithout_______.

A.invitedB.invitingC.havinginvitedD.beinginvited４.Bebeccawasunhappyfor_____thefirstchancetogoabroad.

A.nothavingbeengivenB.nothavinggivenC.notgivingD.havingbeengiven５.By_____,watercanbechangedintogas.

A.heating

B.beingheated

C.havingheatedD.heated6.Theclassroomwants__________.A.cleanB.cleaned

C.tocleanD.cleaning7.Thoughitsoundsabittoodear(昂贵),itisworth_________.A.beingboughtB.buyingC.tobuyD.buyingit8.ThisX-raymachineneeds_________.A.repairingB.torepairC.repairedD.beingrepaired9.Theofficersnarrowlyescaped________

inthehotbattle.

A.havekilled

B.tokill

C.tobekilled

D.beingkilled

10.—Didyouenjoyyourselflastnight?

—It’sveryniceofyou.Iappreciated_____totheparty.A.tobeinvitedB.tohaveinvitedC.beinginvitedD.havingbeeninvited11.Whilewe’redevelopingagricultureandindustry,wemustpreventtheearth_____.

A.frompolluting B.polluted

C.polluting D.beingpollutedDoyoumind___aloneathome?A.JaneleavingB.JanehavingleftC.Jane’sbeingleftD.JanetobeleftHowaboutthetwoofus____awalkdownthegarden?A.TotakeB.takeC.takingD.tobetaking3）作表语:S.+be+doing

e.g.①Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.②Mygreatesthappinessisservingthepeople.4）作定语:S.+v.+doing+n.

e.g.①Doesheworkinthereading-roo②Ourteacherusesaverygoodteachingmethod.③Hisgrandfatherhasabamboowalkingstick.

3.动名词复合结构：1).物主代词/名词所有格+动名词

在句中作主语:e.g.①Mary`scominglatemadeherteacherangry.②Doyoumindmysmoking?2).人称代词宾格/名词+动名词

在句中作宾语e.g.①I`msureofhimcomingontime.②Hehasneverheardofawomanbeingapilot.

1.Iwas______worklastweek,butIchangedmymind.A.tostartB.tohavestartedC.tobestartingD.tohavebeenstarting2.Iintended______thematterwithyou,butIhadsomeguestshen.A.discussB.discussingC.havingdiscussedD.tohavediscussed3.Don’tletmecatchyou______.A.dothatagainB.todothatagainC.doingthatagainD.donethatagain

4.Therearemanykindsofmetals______.A.eachhasitsspecialpropertiesB.onehasitsspecialpropertiesC.eachhavingitsspecialpropertiesD.havingitsspecialproperties5.It’spay-day,andthey’rewaiting______.A.forpayingB.tobepaidC.tobepayingD.tohavepaid6._______trouble,I’mgoingtoforgetthewholeaffair.A.ThenrathercauseB.RathercausingC.RatherthancauseD.Ratherthancaused7.Thebrillianceofhissatireswas______makeevenhisvictimslaugh.A.soastoB.suchastoC.sothatD.suchthat8.Childrenwithparentswhoseguidanceisfirm,consistent,andrationalareinclined______highlevelsofself-confidence.A.possessB.havepossessedC.to