江西省上高县第二中学学年高二英语上学期第一次月考试题

PAGE12-2023届高二年级第一次月考英语试卷考前须知：1本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两局部。2答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试卷相应的位置。3.全部答案在答题卡上完成，答在本试卷上无效。4.第I卷听力局部总分值30分，不计入总分，考试成绩录取时提供应高校作参考。5考试完毕后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第I卷第一局部听力（共两节，总分值30分）第一节（共5小题；每题1.5分，总分值7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最正确选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10称钟的时间来答复有关小题如阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1．Whatdoesthemanwanttobe?A．Amathsteacher. B．Acomputerprogrammer. C．Amedicalscientist.2．WhatdoesthemanthinkofJean?A．Nice. B．Friendly. C．Talkative.3．Wherearethespeakers?A．Inalibrary. B．Inabookstore. C．Inaclassroom.4．Howwillthespeakersgettothemuseum?A．Bybus. B．Bycar. C．Bysubway.5．Whatdoesthemanmean?A．Thewomanoughttogiveuptheskirt.B．Thewomancanbargainwiththeseller.C．Thewomancanborrowsomemoneyfromhim.第二节(共15小题;每题1.5分，总分值22.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最正确选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的做答时间。每段对话读两遍。听第6段材料，答复第6、7题。6．WhichclassdoesthemanattendonThursdayafternoon?A．Acomputerclass. B．Adanceclass. C．Adramaclass.7．Howdidthespeakerbegintolikedancing?A．Heusedtowatchothersdancing.B．Hejoinedhisaunt’sdanceclasses/C．Hisauntoftentaughthimtodance.8．Whatwastheman’sparents’attitudetowardshisdancing?A．They’reopposed. B．They’resupportive. C．They’reunconcerned.听第7段材料，答复第9至11题。9．WhydoesthemanchoosetheParkHotel?A．Itisneartheairport. B．Itisinthecitycentre.C．Itismuchcheaper.10．Howmuchdoesthemanneedtopay?A．$75. B．$140. C．$150.11．Whattransportwillthemanprobablytaketotheairport?A．Thetaxi. B．Thesubway. C．Thebus.听第8段材料，答复第12至14题。12．Whatisthemanprobably?A．Anathlete. B．Anarchitect. C．Anartist.13．Whatisoneoftheadvantagesofthenewstadium?A．Ithasfirst-classsportsfacilities.B．Itcanaccommodate8000people.C．Itallowsmatchestogooninbadweather.14．Whatdifficultyisthemanexperiencingnow?A．Goingoverbudget. B．Meetingthedeadline. C．Lookingformaterials.听第9段材料，答复第15至17题。15．Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A．WhetheroffireJim.B．Howtotraintheemployees.C．HowdomanagetheMarketingDepartment.16．WhydidtheDietDraughtfail?A．Thecompanydidn’tsupportmuch.B．Thecompanydidpoormarketresearch.C．Thecompanydidn’tpromotetheproductstimely.17．Whatdoesthewomanmentiontothemanintheend?A．AskingJimtoretire.B．Hiringsomenewemployees.C．Promotingsomeonefrominsidethecompany.听第10段材料，答复第18至20题。18．Whatistheresultoftheflood?A．Ithasbroughtaboutahundredpeople’sdeath.B．Ithasmadethevillageunderinametreofwater.C．Ithascausedthousandsofpoundsworthofdamage.19．Whatactionhasbeentaken?A．Sandbagshavebeenusedtobuildupthebanks.B．Thecourseoftheriverhasbeenchanged.C．Newhouseshavebeenbuilt.20．Whatdoweknowabouttheflood?A．IthappenedlastThursday.B．IthitavillagenearUpton.C．Itstruckthevillagetwicewithinthreeweeks.第二局部阅读理解（共两节，总分值40分）第一节（共15小题；每题2分，总分值30分）阅读以下短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最正确选项。AAfewyearsago,Ifeltlikeatruefailure．IwasdoingWeightWatchersforthethirdtimeinordertoloseweightbutnotmakingprogress．Atthattime,Ispenthourseverydayworkingouttomyvideosandwasstilloverweight．Idecidedthattherewasnopointinfightingit．IthoughtIwasmeanttobefatforever．Ineededachangeofheartandmind．Thatchangecameinthemostunexpectedway．Itcamewithrunning．AfterdinneronThanksgiving,Iwentoutforawalkwithmyfamily．IhadturnedmylittleMP3playeronandwasenjoyingthemusicwhenmyfavoritesongcameon．Ifeltlikedancing,butthatwasoutofthequestion（Ihadtwoteenagerswithme）．SoIcaughtthespeedabitandstartedtorunslowly．Iwasquitepleasedwithmyburstofactivity．WhatwasmoresurprisingwasthatIgotupthenextmorningandwentoutagain．Afterrunning,Ifeltstrongandcalmatthesametime．IrecalledthegoodfeelingsIfeltwhenIusedtorun20yearsagoanddecidedthatIwantedmoreofthat．Isignedupforaspringraceandpracticedhardforit．EventhoughmyweightisstillheavierthanwhatIwouldlike,Inolongercareaboutit．Itrytostaymorefocusedonmylife．Mostimportantly,myworkoutsarelessthananhourperdayandItakeSundaysoffcompletely．Mygoalistokeepexercisinginmylifebutnotletittakeovermylife．Afterall,Iamsomuchmorethanmyweight．21．Whatwastroublingtheauthoraccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs? A．Thatshewasconsideredtobeafailurebyothers． B．Thatshehadtoolittletimetoworkout． C．Thatshecouldn'tenjoythefoodsheliked． D．Thatshefailedtoloseweight．22．AccordingtoParagraph3,theauthorstartedrunninginsteadofdancingbecause A．shethoughtrunningwouldhelphermore． B．shedidn'twanttodanceatthatmoment． C．itwasinconvenientforhertodanceatthatmoment． D．sheconsideredituselesstodance．23．InParagraph4theauthormainlywantstotellusthat____． A．shewasagoodrunner20yearsago B．shehadstrongwill-power C．sheoftensurprisedothersD．shereallylikedrunning24．Whatwastheauthor'sbiggestchangeaftershestartedrunning? A．Thatshechangedherattitudetowardslosingweight． B．Thatshenolongerwantedtoloseweight． C．Thatshespentmoretimeinworkingout． D．Thatshelostmoreweightthanexpected．BOnlineMoneyEarningYesyoucanearnmoneyonlinewithoutanyinvestmentorwithoutanytimelimit.IhavemanyusefuleasymethodsforearningeasymoneywhileweallspendourusefultimeontheInternetbysurfing,chatting,downloadingandotherwork.Thereisnoneedtostopanyotherwork.Wecanearnwithorwithoutourdailyroutine.HereItellyouthecompletemethodforonlineearning.FirstMethodEarnmoneywith“Bux.to”.Youcanearnmoneythrough“Bux.to”byclickingonadson“Bux.to”site.Firstyouneedtoopenanaccountat“Bux.to”.“Bux.To”isanewinternationalandFREEEnglishbasedservicethatallowsadvertiserstoreachthousandsofpotentialcustomersbydisplayingtheiradsonour“SurfAds”page.Anexactcalculatedpercentageofalladvertisingincomeispaidtoourmembers.“Bux.to”makesmoneythroughadvertising.HowyoumakemoneyYouviewwebsitesin30secondsthroughthe“SurfAds”page.Oncethe30secondsisup,you’lleithergetagreenticksignorared“x”.Thegreenticksignmeansyou’veearned$0.01andthe“x”meansyouhavenotearnedmoneyforthevisit.You’llgetredx’swhenyouhavemorethanonewebsitesfromthe“SurfAds”pageopen.Whenthishappens,yougetnocredit.EarningsexampleYouclick10adsperday=$0.1020referrals(转送)click10adsperday=$2.00Yourdailyearnings=$2.10Yourweeklyearnings=$14.70Yourmonthlyearnings=$63.00HowtogetpaidIfyouhaveatleast$10.00accumulated,youcanclickonyouraccountbalancewithinyourstatesareaanditwillmeetyourrequest.Atpresent,itonlymakespaymentsthrough“AlertPay”.Itwillsoonbeusingothermethodsofpayment.AlertPayisthepaymentprocessingsolutionthatweusetopaymembers.YourAlertPayaddressisthee-mailaddressyouusetoregisterwithAlertPay.YoucangetafreeAlertPayaccountathttp://alertpay.com.Method2willpublishsoon…25.Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingthispassage?A.Tointroduceasurprisingwaytoearnmoney.B.Totellaninterestingstory.C.Tosolveapuzzlingproblem.D.Topresentanexcitingresearch.26.Youcanearnmoneyby________.A.chattingonlineB.advertisingsomeproductsC.clickingonadvertisementD.choosinggreenticksorx’s27.Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A.You’llearn$0.10ifyouclick1ad.B.You’llgetmanygreenticksifyouhavemanywebsitesopen.C.YoucangetyourpaymentsthroughAlertPay.D.YourAlertPayaccountisnotforfree.C Ifyouareinterestedinanimals,youprobablyheardaboutthetragedyatSeaworldOrlando.OnFebruary24,Tillicum,asix-tonorca(虎鲸)，wasperformingwithhistrainer,DawnBrancheau,whostoodonaplatformbyhispool.Theyhaddonethesameshowtogethermanytimesbefore,withoutincident.Thistime,though,eventstookaterribleturn.Withoutwarning,Tillicumleapedfromthewater,tookholdofBranchcheaubyherhair,anddraggedherdeepbelowthewater’ssurface.Beforeothertrainerscouldreact,Brancheaudrowned.Althoughknownaskillerwhales,orcasarethelargestmemberofthedolphinfamily.Theyareeasytotrain,andperformanceslikeTillicum’shavebeendonesafelythousandsoftimes.YetDawnBrancheau’sdeathwasashockingreminderofwhatcanhappenwhenhumanbeingacttogetherwithwildanimals.Peoplebegantoask,“Shouldorcasbekeptincaptivity(囚禁)”YesWorldwide,only42orcasarebeingkeptbyhumans.Scientistsknowverylittleaboutthesehugeseaanimals,whicharedifficulttostudyinthewild.However,theydoknowthatorcasareeasilyharmedbypollution.Asouroceansbecomeevermoredamagedbyhumanactivity,observingorcasupclosehelpsusunderstandthemanddoabetterjobofprotectingtheminnature.“Ithinkthatsomedangerousanimals,suchaskillerwhales,shouldbekeptincaptivitybecauseitraisesawarenessaboutthemandeducatespeopleaboutwildanimals,”saysLauren,12,a6-graderfromColorado.“Keepingsomeincaptivitywillhelpprotecttheirspecies.”No Enclosedhabitatscanbepainfultowildanimals,andmakethemactinunpredictableevenharmfulways. “Itiswrongtokeeptheseanimalsincaptivity”,saysPrathm,12The7thgraderfromNewJersey,adds,“Theyshouldliveintheirownhabitats,notbeusedasentertainmentslaves.”RichardEllis,amarineconservationistinNewYork,agrees.“Itispartofhumannaturetokeepwildanimalsinsmallspacesandtrainthemtodotricks,”hesays.“I’magainstitbecauseIthinkithumiliatestheanimals.”28．WhydoestheauthortellthetragedyofDawnBrancheau?A．Tointroducethetopic.B．Toexpresshissympathy.C．Todescribethehumananimalrelationship.D．Towarnpeopleofthedangerofkeepinganimals.29.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.Itishardtotrainorcas. B.Orcasarerareseaanimals.C.Orcas’habitatisbeingdestroyed. D.Manyorcasarehuntedeachyear.30.Theunderlinedword”humiliates”inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans“_____”.A.makessomebodylessintelligentB.makessomebodyfeelashamedC.makessomebodyphysicallyweakD.makessomebodyfeelthreatened31.Thetextismainlyabout_______.A.howtohelpanimalsliveabetterlifeB.howtodevelopfriendshipwithanimalsC.whetherkillerwhalesshouldbeprotectedD.whetheranimalsshouldbekeptincaptivityD“Ican’tlivewithoutmymobilephone!”iswhatIoftenhearpeoplesayastheytalkabouthowmobileshavebecomeanessentialpartoftheirlives.Theallsocommonsightofheadsbent,eyesstaringatmobilescreensandfingersbusytappingawayrepeatsitselfacrossmajorcitiesaroundtheworld.Wheneverthereisamomenttosparewhileonthetrain,taxiorwaitinginaqueue,peoplebusythemselveswiththeirmobilephones.Somepeoplebelieveourunhealthyobsession(着迷)withmobilephonesisdestroyinghowweappreciatethelittlethingsinlifeormissthemomentsthatmatter.Thetruthisthattechnologyoverallshouldbeseenasjustatooltoimproveourlives.Mobilephoneshavecertainlyhadagreatinfluenceonourlives,butItrulybelieveitisforthebetter.It’schangedthewaywecommunicate,whetherforworkorplay.Wearenowlessconstrained(限制)bytimeandgeographicallocation.Withmymobilephone,Icandialintoconferencecallswhilestuckinatrafficjam,orreplytourgente-mailswhileonthego.Icansendatextmessageorsharephotosandvideoswithfriendswhoaren’tlivinginthesamecountry.Myphonecalendarkeepsmylifeorganized,andevenFacebook,Twitter,andinstantmessagingarenowaccessiblefrommobilephones!Themobilerevolutionisn’tjustchangingthelivesofurbanities(都市人)likemyself.IknowofayoungBangladeshiwomannamedShompaAkhterwhoiscrazyaboutfashionanddesign.Shedreamtaboutstartingherownbusinessandshedidjustthat,openingashopinKushtiafeaturingherowncreations.DealingwithsuppliesindifferenttownswasaproblemforShompapurchaseordershadtoeitherbehanddeliveredormailedouttosupplies.Shompaalsofoundittoughpublicizingherbusinesstopotentialcustomersoutsidehertown.Butonceshelearnttooperatethemobilephone,shewasaddicted.The25-year-oldbusinesswomannowstaysintoucheasilywithhersuppliers.Mobilee-mailisablessinginherlife.Whowouldhavethoughtthatmobilitycouldbringaboutsuchenormouschange?Itshouldn’treallybeasurprisethough.32.Inthefirsttwoparagraphs,theauthorwantstoshow____.A.mobilephonesmakepeoplecommunicatelessB.mobilephonesmakepeople’slifemoreenjoyableC.people’shealthisgreatlyaffectedbymobilephonesD.peoplebecomeaddictedtomobilephonesindailylife33.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsmobilephones?.A.Doubtful B.Supportive C.Critical D.Uninterested34.Paragraph5ismainlyabout__________.A.NewfunctionsofmobilephonesB.NewchangesinInformationAgeC.TheadvantagesofmobilephonesD.Theauthor’spersonalexperiences35.Howisthetextmainlydeveloped?A.Byinferring. B.Byanalysingcauses.C.Bygivingexamples. D.Bycomparingdifferentideas.第二节（共5小题；每题2分，总分值10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Ifyouarehungry,whatdoyoudo?Haveyourfavorite-mealandstayquietafterthat?__36__.Butitneverletsyouknow,because,youkeepitbusythinkingaboutyourfriendsorfavoritestars．Soitsilentlyservesyourneedsandneverletsitselfgrow．Whenmindlosesitsfreedomtogrow．creativitysetsafullstop．Thismightbethereasonwhyweallsometimesthink"Whathappensnext?","Whycan'tIthink?"___37__.WhyreadingbutnotwatchingTV?Itisbecausereadinghasbeenthemosteducativetoolusedbyusrightfromchildhood．Sinceitdevelopsotheraspectsofourlife,wehavetotakehelpfromreading．Onceyoureadabook,yourunyoureyesthroughthelinesandyourmindtriestoexplainsomethingtoyou.___38____．Nowthisseedisunknowinglyusedbyyoutodevelopnewideas．Ifitisusedmanytimes,thesameseedcangiveyougreathelptorelatealotofthings,whichyouwouldhaveneverthoughtofinyourwildestdreams!Thisisnothingbutcreativity．__39___WithinnotimeyoucanstarttalkingwithyourfriendsinEnglishoranyotherlanguageandneverrunoutoftherightwords．Soguys,dogivefoodforyourthoughtsbyreading,readingandmorereading.___40___．Goandgetabook!

A．Nowwhatareyouwaitingfor?

B．Readingcanhelpyoumakemorefriends,too．

C．Justlikeyourstomach,yourmindisalsohungry．

D．Whynotdosomereadingwhileyouarehungry?

E．Alsothismakesasignificantcontributiontoyourvocabulary．

F．Theinterestingpartofthebookisstoredinyourmindasaseed．

G．Hungerofthemindcanbeactuallysolvedthroughwidereading．第三局部英语知识运用（共两节，总分值45分）第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每题1.5分，总分值30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出可以填入空白的最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。完形填空Thiswasanunforgettableandwonderfulexperience.Ithappenedaboutthreeyearsagoandithashada__41__effectonme.IwouldliketoshowrespecthereforthetwomenIdonotknow__42__butwhoseactionsgaveanew__43__tothewords—kindandgenerous.Iwaswalkingdownabusystreetonacold，windydayinearly__44__.Ahomelessman，probablyabout60andwithoutwearinganyshoes，was__45__forchangeonastreetcorner.ABMWcar__46__ontheothersideofthestreetandanexecutive(主管)whowasperfectlydressedsteppedoutofthecar.Hewasprobablyabout__47__yearsold.Hewaswearingabluebusinesssuitwithadeepredsilktie.Hewalked__48__acrossthestreetandovertothehomelessman.Withoutsayinganything，hefirstgavehimalotof__49__andthenhesatdownandtookoffhisleathergloves(手套)，beautifulblackleathershoesandhisblackdresssocks.Thenhe__50__themtothehomelessman.Thehomelessmantookthemandstaredwitha/an__51__mouth.Ashedroveoff，Icouldn't__52__thinkingthatitwasprobablythefirsttimehehad__53__thepedal(踏板)ofthattopbrandBMWcarwitha__54__foot！Istoodthereandthelooksof__55__appearedonmyfaceandthehomelessman's.Twomenofaboutthesameage__56__verydifferentliveshadmetandtheonewhowas__57__inmaterialshadoffered_58__thanhisshoes.HehadleftthisBMWcarand__59__downfromhishighposition.Helifteduptheothermanwhenheofferedrespect，__60__andrealgenerosity.41．A.light B．bad C．strong D．slow42．A.officially B．personally C．similarly D．generally43．A.benefit B．attitude C．meaning D．award44．A.spring B．summer C．autumn D．winter45．A.searching B．making C．blaming D．begging46．A.calledup B．brokeup C．pulledup D．spedup47．A.40 B．50 C．60 D．7048．A.directly B．usually C．unwillingly D．fluently49．A.money B．water C．sand D．oil50．A.posted B．handed C．kicked D．threw51．A.closed B．full C．open D．empty52．A.stand B．delay C．forget D．help53．A.bended B．cut C．repaired D．pressed54．A.relaxed B．large C．bare D．single55．A.excitement B．astonishment C．sadness D．pride56．A.but B．or C．and D．before57．A.successful B．careful C．useful D．helpful58．A.rather B．more C．other D．better59．A.broken B．fell C．stepped D．rolled60．A.surprise B．disappointment C．anxiety D．kindness第二卷第三局部英语知识运用（共两节，总分值45分）第二节（共10小题，每题1.5分，总分值15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Whyispinkorpurpleacolorforgirlsandblueorbrownforboys?Theanswerdependslargely61culturalvaluesaswellaspersonalexperiences.TotheEgyptians,greenwasacolor62representedthehopeandjoyofspring,whileforMuslims,itmeansheaven.Redisasymbolofgoodluckinmanycultures.DuringtheSpringFestivalinChina,children63(give)moneyinaredenvelopetobringgoodfortuneintheNewYear.Formanynations,blueisasymbolofprotectionandreligiousbeliefs.Greekpeopleoftenwearabluenecklacehopingtoprotect64againstevils（灾祸）.People’s65(choose)ofcolorsisalsoinfluencedbytheirbodies’reactionstowardthem.Greenissaidtobe66mostrestfulcolor.Ithastheabilitytoreducepainandrelaxpeoplebothmentally67physically.People68(work)ingreenenvironmenthavebeenfoundtohavefewerstomachaches.Redcancauseaperson’sbloodpressuretoriseandincreasepeople’sappetites（食欲）.Manydecoratorswillincludedifferentshadesofredintherestaurant.Andmanycommercialwebsiteswillhaveared“BuyNow”buttonbecauseredisacolorthat69(easy)catchesaperson’seye.Blueisanothercalmingcolor.Unlikered,blueisbelievedtocausepeopletoloseappetite.So70youwanttoeatless,somesuggestthateatingfromblueplatescanhelp.第四局部写作（共两节，总分值35分）第一节短文改错（共10小题，每题1分，总分值10分）假定英语课上教师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（^），并在此符号下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Mydreamschoolstartsat8:30a.mandendsat3:30p.m.Theyarethreelessonsinthemorningandtwointheafternoon.Wedidn’tneedtodosomanyhomework.Therefore,wehavemoretimewithafter-schoolactivities.Forexample,wecandoreadingforoneandahalfhourandplaysportforonehoureveryday.Mydreamschoollooklikeabiggarden.Thereareallkindsoftheflowersandtreesaroundtheclassroom,buildings.Wecanlieonthegrassforarest,satbythelakelisteningmusic.Theteachersherearekindandhelpfully.Theyarenotonlyourteachersbutalsoourfriends.第二节书面表达（总分值25分）假设你是校报负责人，急需在学校内聘一位同学任英文版的编辑，请你用英文以“AnEnglishEditorWanted”为题目写一那么招聘启事。内容要如下：⑴．该工作主要包括两局部：一是从英文报刊杂志及互联网上选择适合学生的文章；二是选择与编辑同学们的来稿。⑵．希望该同学满足以下要求：①乐意奉献出一些业余时间为同学们效劳；②英文与美术皆好；能熟练使用电脑。③感兴趣的同学请在本周内与学生会（Students’Union）联系。注意：（1）词数100左右；（2）不要逐字翻译，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文。2023届高二年级第一次月考英语试卷答题卡一、听力（30分）题号12345678910答案题号11121314151617181920答案二、阅读理解（共两节，总分值40分）题号21222324252627282930答案题号31323334353637383940答案三、完形填空（共20小题；每题2分，总分值30分）题号41424344454647484950答案题号51525354555657585960答案四、语法填空（共10小题，每题1.5分，总分值15分）61、 62、 63、 64、 65、 66、 67、 68、 69、 70、 五、短文改错（共10小题；每题1分，总分值10分）Mydreamschoolstartsat8:30a.mandendsat3:30p.m.Theyarethreelessonsinthemorningandtwointheafternoon.Wedidn’tneedtodosomanyhomework.Therefore,wehavemoretimewithafter-schoolactivities.Forexample,wecandoreadingforoneandahalfhourandplaysportforonehoureveryday.Mydreamschoollooklikeabiggarden.Thereareallkindsoftheflowersandtreesaroundtheclassroom,buildings.Wecanlieonthegrassforarest,satbythelakelisteningmusic.Theteachersherearekindandhelpfully.Theyarenotonlyourteachersbutalsoourfriends.六、书面表达（25分）______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________