化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流

《化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流》

WritingChemistryPapersinEnglishandInternationalAcademicCommunications

课程的目的和意义(Purpose&GoalsoftheCourse)《化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流》

如何进行化学论文的写作和投稿及如何进行学术交流是每个研究生在研究生学习期间科学研究的基本训练中的重要的一环，根据日益扩大的对外学术交流的需要，本课程旨在使研究生对如何进行化学论文的英文写作、如何进行论文的国际投稿和发表、如何参加国际学术会议和交流以及如何申请国外的大学进一步的深造等方面有一个比较全面的了解，并有机会进行有关的基本训练和实践，提供在这些方面的能力。考核方式(Examination)：

书面及口头相结合（口头报告），考试《化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流》

第一章：绪论：国际学术交流及其重要性Chapter1：Introduction：InternationalAcademicCommunication&itsImportance第二章：化学论文的英语的写作Chapter2：WritingChemistryPaperinEnglish第三章：化学论文的投稿和发表Chapter3：SubmissionandPublicationofChemistryPapers第四章：如何进行国际学术交流Chapter4：Howtoengageinacademiccommunications

第五章：实用交流英语Chapter5：PracticalCommunicationEnglish

课程的内容(Contents)《化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流》

第一章：绪论：国际学术交流及其重要性

Chapter1：Introduction：InternationalAcademicCommunication&itsImportance

1：国际学术交流的方式和途径(1)TalkSeminar,InternationalConference,facetofacediscussion(2)Publication2：国际学术交流的重要性和必要性：isanimportantway

topresentyourscientificidea,newresults,researchprogress,academicachievementsetc.

toknow(learn)scientificidea,newresults,researchprogress,academicachievementsetc.《化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流》

第二章：化学论文的英语的写作2.1化学论文写作的一般原则(generalrules)

(1)scientificimportanceSCI(ScientificCitationIndex)ImpactFactor(2)creativeness(3)accuracy(4)repeatable

《化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流》

SCI《科学引文索引》英文全称是(

Scientific

Information,简称ISI)出版的一部世界著名的期刊文献检索工具。它收录全世界出版的数、理、化、农、林、医、生命科学、天文、地理、环境、材料、工程技术等自然科学各学科的核心期刊3700多种。通过其严格的选刊标准和评估程序来挑选刊源，使得SCI收录的文献能够全面覆盖全世界最重要和最有影响力的研究成果。

SCI从来源期刊数量划分为SCI和SCI-E。SCI指来源刊为3700多种的SCI印刷版和SCI光盘版（简称SCI

CDE），SCI-E（SCI

Expanded）是SCI的扩展库，收录了5600多种来源期刊，可通过国际联机或因特网进行检索。《化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流》

ISI对全球的自然科学刊物进行考察，凡影响因子大于某一临界值的刊物，则可以进入SCI系统。进入SCI系统的刊物分为两类，即内圈和外圈，前者的影响因子高于后者，前者称为SCI刊物，后者称为SCIsearch刊物。SCI刊物还分为影响因子高区（大于1.105）、中区(在1.105和0.422之间)和低区（小于0.422）3类。《化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流》

期刊的影响因子，是表征期刊影响大小的一项定量指标。也就是某刊平均每篇论文的被引用数，它实际上是某刊在某年被全部源刊物引证该刊前两年发表论文的次数，与该刊前两年所发表的全部源论文数之比。nk1+nk2IF(k)=

Nk1+Nk2

影响因子(Impactfactor，IF)某刊在2006年的影响因子是其2005和2004两年刊载的论文在2005年的被引总数除以该刊在2004和2003这两年的载文总数（可引论文）《化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流》

目前人们所说的影响因子一般是指从1975年开始，《期刊引证报道》（JournalCitationReports,JCR）每年提供上一年度世界范围期刊的引用数据，给出该数据库收录的每种期刊的影响因子。JCR是一个世界权威性的综合数据库。它的引用数据来自世界上3000多家出版机构的7000多种期刊。专业范围包括科学、技术和社会科学。JCR目前是世界上评估期刊唯一的一个综合性工具。可以告诉人们，那些是最有影响力的期刊，那些是最常用的期刊，那些是最热门的期刊。除影响因子外还给出：期刊最新排序(CurrentRank)、刊名缩写(AbbreviatedJournalTitle)、国际统一刊号（ISSN）、总引用数(TotalCites)、及时性索引(ImmediacyIndex)、总文章数(TotalArticle)、被引半衰期(CitedHalf-Life)。（webofscience）《化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流》

影响因子和JCR指标的作用

影响因子及JCR给出的以上指标，具有非常重要的作用，具体地说，对以下各类人员具有多种实用价值。

（1)图书馆员制定文献收藏计划和经费预算，向读者推荐优秀期刊。

（2)编辑了解和掌握自己编辑的期刊的情况，制订有效的编辑规划和办刊目标。（3)出版商掌握和监测出版动态，掌握出版机会，做出新的出版决策。

《化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流》

（4)作者（科研人员）

a.寻找和确定与自己专业有关的期刊

b.确定论文投稿期刊c.证实已经发表自己论文的期刊的水平

（5)信息研究分析人员

a.跟踪文献计量学的发展趋势

b.研究学科之间及各学科内的引用模式

c.研究学术论文生产的学问

d.研究专业学科的发展变化趋势。

《化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流》

WebofScience

WebofScience是美国ISI公司基于WEB开发的产品，包括三大引文库（SCI、SSCI和A&HCI）和两个化学数据库(CCR、IC)，以ISIWebofKnowledge作为检索平台。ScienceCitationIndexExpanded（1994-）收录6,000多种科学技术期刊

CurrentChemicalReactions(CCR-EXPANDED)*（1986-）收录一步或多步新合成方法

IndexChemicals(IC)（1993-)*收录重要期刊报道的新颖有机化合物的结构和关键数据《化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流》

●发现有谁在引用你的研究，以及你的工作对全球研究界的影响

●找到某个重要理论或概念的开创性研究

●衡量同事或竞争者工作的影响

●跟随当今最热门的想法和概念的思路和方向

●确定某个理论是否已被证实、更改或改进

●找出一个基本概念是如何被应用的

●在几年间的研究文献中追踪某个题目

●验证参考文献的准确性

●找出在标题或主题检索中遗漏的相关文章

《化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流》

近年来科技期刊评价工作中存在着片面追求高影响因子、以影响因子高低对科技期刊排名的现象.（1）科技期刊的学科不同,其影响因子有着较大的差别;（2）同一期刊由于被收录的数据库不同,数据统计的结果也会明显不同;（3）“被引用的总次数”是“正引”(肯定所引结果)还是“负引”(否定所引结果)、（4）是"他引"还是"自引",在做统计时如果不加以区别,影响因子的高低并不能绝对全面反映科技期刊学术质量的高低。

《化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流》

TopJournalsNATURE28.7SCIENCE26.4CHEMREV22.8NatureMater.19.8NatureNanootech.14.9ACCOUNTSCHEMRES13.1CHEMSOCREV13.1NATMATER13.5NANOLETT9.6ADVMATER8.2MRSBULL5.2NANOTECHNOLOGY3.3ANGEWCHEMINTEDIT10JAMCHEMSOC7.9CHEMCOMMUN

4.0ADVFUNCTMATER5.7PHYSREVLETT6.9APPLPHYSLETT4.1《化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流》

Small6.4ORGLETT4.2JORGCHEM3.5ANALCHEM5.5MACROMOLECULES3.8JPHYSCHEMB4.0JCATAL4.1CHEM-EURJ4.5LANGMUIR3.3JCHEMPHYS3.1CARBON3.3JPHYSCHEMA2.6CHEMMATER4.1JMATERCHEM2.7JMATERRES1.9CHEMPHYSLETT2.4THINSOLIDFILMS1.6JAMCERAMSOC1.7

《化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流》

据“ISI2006年度期刊引用报告（JCR）”统计，被SCI收录的中国与化学有关的主要期刊及影响因子：《化学学报》0.895《中国科学》（B）0.817《中国化学》0.768《高等学校化学学报》0.764《有机化学》0.74《结构化学》0.734《科学通报》0.683《无机化学学报》0.60《自然科学进展》0.485《物理化学学报》0.407《高分子学报》0.431《分析化学》0.412《高分子科学（英文）》《催化学报》《中国稀土学报》0.305《中国化学快报》0.305

《化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流》

第二章：化学论文的英语的写作2.1化学论文写作的一般原则(generalrules)(1)scientificimportanceSCI(ScientificCitationIndex)ImpactFactor

(2)creativeness:point

(3)accuracy(4)repeatable

《化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流》

Beforeexperiment…LiteraturereviewIdealsSystematicNoveltyFeasibilitySolutionsInterestsandprofessionalbackground《化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流》

ExperimentationThinkingwhile

doingSuccessfulUnsuccessfulReferencesSupervisorsColleaguesProposalrevisionJournalsreadingDatarequiredCompletedandscientificdataObjective《化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流》

2．2化学论文的种类、结构和格式2.2.1化学论文的种类

(1)ResearchPaper（originalresearchpaper）Letters(快报）：

NanoLetters，OrganicLetters,AppliedPhysicalLetters(APL),ChemicalPhysicsLetter(CPL),PhysicalReviewLetters(PRL)etc.Communication（通讯）:

ChemicalCommunication(Chem.Comm.),

Letters:aremeantforpublication

ofimportantnewresultsinconciseform.

《化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流》

ShortNotes:

completeandconciseaccountofarestrictedareaofwork

FullPaper:

complete,authoritative,andscientificallysoundaccountsofworkwhicharepresentedclearlyandconcisely.

(2)ReviewArticles(评论性文章）

arecommissionedbytheEditorsontheadviceoftheEditorialAdvisoryBoard.《化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流》

2.2.2化学论文的常见结构和格式

Structureandformatofachemistrypaper

•Title+subtitle(论文题名+副标题)•Authors+correspondenceaddress(作者姓名+通讯地址)•Abstract+Keyword(摘要+关键词)•Introduction(引言)•Experimental(实验)•Results&Discussion(结果与讨论)•Conclusion(结论)•Acknowledgement(致谢)•Reference(参考文献)

《化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流》

Guideforauthors(Introductionforauthors)Chem.Phys.Lett.

CarbonNanotechnologyAdvancedMaterialsJ.Phys.Chem.CAngewChemInterEdtJ.Amer.Chem.Soc.Phys.Chem.Chem.Phys.Appl.Phys.Lett.NanoLettersOrganicLetters《化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流》

2.2.3Title:conciseandclear题目简洁明了

•Short简洁•Specific明确•Eye-catching醒目•Descriptivewords描述性语言•Simplestraightforwardtitle单标题

•Two-parttitle双标题

《化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流》

2.2.4:AbstractorSummaryAbstract：

论文的精华而不是论文的全部。要求简明扼要准确地概况论文所获得的数据与结论，必要时可以说明采用的方法和手段，对字数有严格的限制，一般为200～250个单词。Summary：是论文的“缩影”或缩写，可以概括全文的内容，对字数没有严格的限制，形式要根据具体杂志的要求。《化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流》

描述性摘要：多用于专论、评论、综述等方面的文章。它所描述的是论文的性质、内容和范围，只告诉读者作了什么事情（如采用了什么方法、讨论了什么问题、得出了什么结论），而没有具体的数据。写实性摘要：要有具体重要的条件和数据，只报道论文的精华。每句话之间没有严格的联系。通常包括：（1）研究背景、研究重要性（2）研究内容、所采用的方法与技术（3）主要的实验结果何数据（4）结论或前景或对该领域的重要性

《化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流》

Example1SolvothermalinSituMetal/LigandReactions:ANewBridgebetweenCoordinationChemistryandOrganicSyntheticChemistry

Severalimportantsolvothermal(includinghydrothermal)insitumetal/ligandreactionsandtheirmechanisms,includingdehydrogenativecarbon-carboncoupling,hydroxylationofaromaticrings,cycloadditionoforganicnitrileswithazideandammonia,transformationofinorganicandorganicsulfur,aswellastheCu(II)toCu(I)reduction,areoutlinedinthisAccount.Thecurrentprogressclearlydemonstratestheimportantpotentialofsuchreactionsinthecrystalengineeringoffunctionalcoordinationcompoundsandone-potsynthesisofsomeunusualorganicligandsthatareinaccessibleornoteasilyobtainableviaconventionalmethods,therebysubstantiatingourexpectationthatanewbridgehasbeencreatedbetweencoordinationchemistryandsyntheticorganicchemistry.《化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流》

Photoinduced-Electron-TransferChemistry:FromStudiesonPETProcessestoApplicationsinNaturalProductSynthesis

Theapplicationofphotoinducedelectrontransfer(PET)fortheconstructionofheterocyclicringsystemsisanappealingrouteinsyntheticorganicphotochemistry.Electronicallyexcitedcarbonylchromophorsinketones,aldehydes,amides,orimidesarestrongelectronacceptorsthatoxidizealkenes,amines,thioethers,orcarboxylates.Insubsequentsteps,theradicalanionsformedthereofeitherareoperatingassecondaryelectrondonorsandinitiateaphoton-drivenchainreactionorcombinewithelectrophilicspeciesandformproducts.Thesereactionsareappliedinthesynthesisofheterocycliccompounds.Thebasicstructuresofthesetargetmoleculesarebicyclictertiaryaminesfromthepyrrolizidine,benzopyrrolizidine,andindolizidinefamilies,cyclicoligopeptides,macrocyclicringsystems,andmanymore.《化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流》

NanoWheatFieldsPreparedbyPlasma-EtchingGoldNanowire-ContainingMembranesThetemplatemethodisageneralapproachforpreparingnanomaterials,inparticularnanowiresandnanotubes.

Theabilitytocontrolthedimensionsofthenanowiresandtubesobtainedisanimportantfeatureofthetemplatemethod.Diametercanbecontrolledbyvaryingthediameteroftheporesinthetemplatemembrane.Thelengthsofthenanostructurescanbecontrolledbyvaryingthethicknessofthetemplatemembrane.Wereporthereanewapproachforeffectivelycontrollingthelengthsoftemplate-synthesizednanostructures.

Thismethodisillustratedwithgoldnanowiresdepositedwithintheporesofapolycarbonatetemplatemembrane.Whenthesenanowire-containingmembranesareexposedtoanO2plasma,thepolymeratthemembranesurfaceisselectivelyremoved,thusexposingtheendsoftheAunanowires.Thelengthoftheexposednanowirecanbecontrolledbyvaryingtheplasmaetchtime.TheprotrudingendsoftheAunanowiresresemblewheatfields.backgroundmethodresult《化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流》

MagneticallyAssistedandAcceleratedSelf-AssemblyofStrawberry-likeNano/Microparticles

Abstract:Preciselycontrollingmultiplecomponentsoffunctionalmaterialswithwell-definedshapesanddimensionsonthemicro/nanometerscalepromisestoprovidenewelectronic,magnetic,mechanical,andopticalpropertiesfornovelsensors,circuits,andothermaterialsapplication.

Hereforthefirsttimeweintroduceanovelmethodtoreliablypatternstrawberry-likemicrospheresbyemployingmagneticallydirectedandacceleratedself-assemblyofnano/microparticlesinaqueoussolution,withouttheuseofatemplate(suchasmoldsorgrooves).

Theresultsshowthat100-1000nmparamagnetic"decoratingparticles"rapidlyself-assembledontothesurfaceoffluorescent4-5

msphericalmagnetized"coreparticles",producingstrawberry-likeparticleswithstableandpreciselyarrangedmicrostructures.MagneticCrO2nanorods,approximately60nmindiameterand300nmlong,attachedtothenonplanarsurfaceofthe4-5

mpolystyrenecoremicrospheres,serveasnanometermagnetictraps,soastoattractandconfineparamagneticdecoratingparticles.Theeaseandspeed,withwhichtheseparticlescanbefabricatedwiththeaidofmagneticforce,andtheflexibilitytotailortheirchemicalandphysicalpropertiesthroughthechoiceofdecoratingparticles,shouldfacilitatetheiruseforpracticalapplicationinmaterialsscience,biology,andtechnology.backgroundmethodresultconclusion《化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流》

Abstract:

Wereportonthesynthesis,characterization,andelectrochemicalpropertiesofAg2V4O11nanowires,-AgVO3microrods,and-AgVO3nanowiresthatweresynthesizedthroughasimpleandfacilelow-temperaturehydrothermalapproachwithoutanytemplateorcatalyst.

ItwasfoundthatbysimplycontrollingthehydrothermalreactionparameterssuchaspHanddwelltime,thetransformationof-AgVO3microrodsto-AgVO3nanowireswerereadilyachievedthrougha"ripening-splittingmodel"mechanism.Electrochemicalmeasurementsrevealedthattheas-preparedAg2V4O11nanowires,-AgVO3microrods,and-AgVO3nanowiresexhibitedhighdischargecapacitiesandexcellenthigh-ratedischargeability.Inparticular,the-AgVO3nanowireshavemuchhighercapacityabove3Vthanthatof-AgVO3microrods,Ag2V4O11nanowires,andcommercialAg2V4O11bulk.ThemechanismsforelectrochemicallithiumintercalationoftheAgVO3nanostructureswerealsodiscussed.ItisanticipatedthatthenovelAg2V4O11andAgVO3one-dimensionalnano/microstructuresarepromisingcathodecandidatesintheapplicationofprimarylithiumionbatteriesforimplantablecardioverterdefibrillators(ICDs).Synthesis,Characterization,andElectrochemicalPropertiesofAg2V4O11andAgVO31-DNano/Microstructures

methodresult《化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流》

ThermalEvaporationProcessingofNanoandSubmicronTinOxideRods

Abstract:Nanoandsubmicronrodsofsemiconductortinoxide(SnO2)havebeensynthesizedviathermalevaporationtechnique.

Varioussubstratessuchasoxidizedsilicon(Si/SiO2),porousalumina(Al2O3),oxidizedandanodizedtitanium(Ti/TiO2),withthesputteredplatinum(Pt)catalyst,havebeenutilizedforthispurpose.TheeffectofPtsputteringtimeandthenatureofthesubstrateonthesizedistributionandthemorphologyoftheSnO2rodsandtheirsubstrate-surface-coveragehavebeeninvestigated.TheformationofnanoandsubmicronSnO2rodshasbeenattributedtothevapor-liquid-solid(VLS)andvapor-solid(VS)growthmechanismsdependingontheprocessingconditions.methodresult《化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流》

2.2.5:Introduction

•ResearchSituation（Background）科研现状或背景材料•Whatarethekeyproblemsnowandthepurposeoftheresearch目前的关键问题，为什么要研究这个问题•Howwetackledtheproblems如何解决问题•Assesstheeffectivenessoftheresearch评估研究成果《化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流》

•ResearchSituation（Background）Summarizingreferences

Citingmostimportantpapersintheresearchareaandrelatedresearchpapers.Note:donotcitenon-relatedpaperandshouldreadeverypapercited《化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流》

Single-walledcarbonnanotubes(SWNTs)haveattractedenormousattentionasmodelsystemsfornanoscienceandnanotechnology.1Manyapplicationshavebeendemonstrated,includingSWNTtransistorsandsensors.2,3Thesedevicesaretypicallyobtainedbylocatingthenanotubes(viaatomicforcemicroscopy(AFM)orpatternedcatalyst)andthenpatterningthecontacts.Togofromdiscretedevicestoscalableandintegratablesystems,highthroughputsynthesisoforderedcarbonnanotubesoverlargeareasisofparticularinterest.Thismayallowregistration-freefabricationandintegrationofnanotubedevicesbysimplypatterningsource/drainelectrodesatdesiredlocations,astheactivematerial(i.e.,nanotubes)isalloverthesubstrateAlignednanotubeshavebeengrownwiththeassistanceofanelectricfield4orthegasflow;5Template-FreeDirectionalGrowthofSingle-WalledCarbonNanotubesona-andr-PlaneSapphireSongHan,XiaoleiLiu,andChongwuZhou*DepartmentofElectricalEngineeringsElectrophysics,UniVersityofSouthernCalifornia,LosAngeles,California90089《化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流》

however,itremainsdifficulttoproduceplanarnanotubearraysoverlargeareaswithsufficientlyhighdensityandorder.Iijimaetal.studiedthegrowthofSWNTsusingiron-film-coatedsapphiresubstrates,butnoorientationcontroland,hence,noorderednanotubearrayswereobserved.6Recently,alignednanotubeshavebeenshowntogrowalongthestepedgesonmiscutc-planesapphiresubstrates;7

however,thereiscurrentlyalackofcontroloverthemiscutangle,thusresultinginsignificantvariationsintheas-grownnanotubeorientationanddensity.Wereportasurprisingdiscoveryofhighthroughputgrowthofhighlyalignedsingle-walledcarbonnanotubearraysona-planeandr-planesapphiresubstrateswithnegligiblemiscutwithouttheapparentinvolvementofstepedges.Incontrast,randomorientationswereobservedfornanotubesgrownonm-planeandc-planesapphirewithnegligiblemiscut.Ourresultsclearlyrevealtheimportanceofthesapphiresubstratecrystallographyandprovideaviablewaytoobtainalignednanotubearrays.《化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流》

VersatileSynthesisofIndividualSingle-WalledCarbonNanotubesfromNickelNanoparticlesfortheStudyofTheirPhysicalPropertiesIntroductionCarbonnanotubes(CNTs)haveattractedagreatdealofinterestinthefieldoffundamentalphysicsatthesinglemoleculelevelandbecauseoftheirtremendouspotentialforfuturetechnologicalapplications.1BecausethepropertiesofCNTsingeneralstronglydependontheirstructuralcharacteristics(e.g.,diameter,chirality,length),thecontrolandcharacterizationoftheseparametersisofmajorinterestwhentheirphysicalpropertiesarestudied.2Amongtheproductionmethods,chemicalvapordeposition(CVD)offerscertainadvantagesintermsoflarge-scaleproduction,lowreactiontemperature,andcontrollablefabrication.3,4Furthermore,directCVDgrowthoversupportedcatalystsallowstheproductionofisolatedindividualsingle-walledcarbonnanotubes(SWNTs),5,6whereasnanotubesfabricatedbyarcdischarge7,8orlaserablation9,10areproducedasbundles.Ontheotherhand,therehavebeenseveralreportsindicatingthatcontrollingthesizeofthecatalystparticleallowsthecontrolofCNTdiameter.11-19However,whetherthesizeofthecatalystparticleisakeyfactorforSWNTsgrowthisstilldebated.20-26《化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流》

OneofthemostlyusedstrategiesforCVDgrowthofnanotubesconsistsofthepreparationofcatalystparticlesby“wet”processesandintheirdepositionontoasubstrate.Incontrasttoironoriron-alloyparticles,noreporthasbeendealingwiththeuseofchemicallysynthesizednickelnanoparticlesasSWNTprecursorsinasupported-catalystCVDprocess.5,17,27-29ItcanbeimportanttodiversifyCNTprecursors,assomeofthem(likeiron)arenotoriouscontaminantstosilicon-baseddevices.Here,wedemonstratetheabilitytogrowisolatedsinglewalledcarbonnanotubeswitharelativenarrowdiameterdistributionfromdiscretenickelnanoparticleswitharelativelybroadsizedistributionbycatalyst-supportedthermalCVD.Byvaryingthesynthesisparametersweareabletoproduceawiderangeofnanotubesampleswithcontrolledcharacteristics:smallorlargediameterSWNTs,withanarroworbroaddiameterdistribution,amixofSWNTsandmultiwalledcarbonnanotubes(MWNTs)andevenultralongSWNTs.Also,theroleofthecatalystnanoparticlesinnanotubegrowthwillbediscussed.Finally,weillustratethepotentialitiesofsuchaversatilenanotubesynthesiswithtwoshortpre-studiesofmechanicalandvibrationalpropertiesatthesinglenanotubelevel.《化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流》

NoncovalentFunctionalizationofSingle-WalledCarbonNanotubeswithWater-SolublePorphyrinsJinyuChenandC.PatrickCollier*DiVisionofChemistryandChemicalEngineering,CaliforniaInstituteofTechnology,Pasadena,California91125IntroductionTheuniquestructural,mechanicalandelectronicpropertiesofsinglewalledcarbonnanotubes(SWNTs)havemadethesepromisingmaterialsfordevicefabrication.1-14ToeffectivelyutilizeSWNTsasbuildingblocksfornanotechnology,nanotubeshavebeencovalentlyandnoncovalentlyfunctionalizedinanumberofwaystorenderthemsolubleinaqueousororganicsolutions15-21andtogainprecisecontrolovernanotubeorientationandlocation.TherearetwogeneralstrategiesforgainingspatialcontrolofSWNTs.Inthedirect-growthstrategy,nanotubelength,location,andorientationcanbecontrolledusingpre-patternedcatalystandchemicalvapordeposition(CVD).3,13,14,22-25Inthepost-growthstrategy,nanotubescanbealignedbyvariousmethods,includingbiomolecularrecognition,4,26manipulationbyanatomicforcemicroscope(AFM)tip,5applicationofanelectricfield27oramagneticfield,28depositiononchemicallypatterned《化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流》

surfaces,29alignmentbygasflow,30ordip-coatingwashing.31Formanyapplicationsitisimportantthattheinherentfunctionalityofthecarbonnanotubesnotbealteredordestroyedbyhigh-temperatureCVD,covalentchemicalfunctionalizationstepsorvariousappliedfields.IthasbeenreportedthatzincprotoporphyrinIX(ZnPP)noncovalentlybindstoSWNTsandrendersthemsolubleinDMForDMSOsolution.32Morerecently,ithasbeendiscoveredthatameso-hexadecyloxyphenyl-substitutedporphyrinisselectiveinnoncovalentlysolubilizingsemiconductingsingle-walledcarbonnanotubesinorganicsolvents.33FunctionalizationofSWNTswithporphyrinscouldsupplythenanotubeswithmanyoftheporphyrin’suniqueintrinsicproperties,suchas(electro)luminescence,photovoltaicproperties,andbiocompatibility.WereporthereafacileapproachtononcovalentlyfunctionalizeSWNTsinaqueoussolutionwithawater-solubleionicporphyrin,meso-(tetrakis-4-sulfonatophenyl)porphine(H2TPPS4-).Porphyrin/SWNTsolutionsinwaterhavebeenpreparedthatarestableforweeks,withoutcovalentchemicalfunctionalizationofthetubesortheuseofsurfactants.Wehavecharacterizedtheporphyrin/SWNTsolutionswithUV-visibleabsorptionandfluorescence《化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流》

spectroscopicmeasurementsasfunctionsofpH,whichshowthatthefreebaseformoftheporphyrinselectivelyinteractswiththenanotubesandismainlyresponsibleforsolubilizingtheminwater.TheinteractionwiththeSWNTsinhibitstheprotonationofthefreebasetothediacid.Undermildlyacidicconditions,J-aggregatesformonthenanotubes.WefoundthatthefluorescentpropertiesofthefreebaseanddiacidformsofH2TPPS4-werenotsignificantlyperturbedbythenanotubes,butthatemissionfromtheJaggregateswascompletelyquenched.Finally,thesolubilizationprocedurehasallowedustoalignSWNTs,bycombingthenanotubesfromaqueoussolutiononcleanpoly(dimethylsiloxane)(PDMS)stamps,followedbytransferprintingofthetubesfromPDMStosiliconorglasssurfaces.miscut《化学论文的英语写作和国际学术交流》

Single-walledcarbonnanotubes(SWNTs)canbemetallicorsemiconductingandgenerallycoexistwith1/3metallicSWNTs(M-SWNTs)and2/3semiconductingSWNTs(S-SWNTs)inas-grownmaterials.OneofthemainchallengesistogeneratepureS-SWNTsorM-SWNTs.ParticularlyforSWNT-basedfieldeffecttransistor(FET)application,insitugrowthofwell-orientedS-SWNTswithhighdensityarerequired.SuperlongSWNTswiththesamechiralityanddiameterwillprovideanopportunitytofabricatemillionsofmultideviceswithconsistentperformance,whichisoneoftheimportantissuesforrealnanoelectronicsapplications.Manyeffortshavebeenputintothegenerationofalignedlongnanotubesbyvariousmethods,(1-3)andpureS-SWNTsorM-SWNTsaswell.(4-8)SeveraltechniquesincludingFET,(5)Ramanmicroscopy,(9)fluorescencespectroscopy,(10)andUV−vis−NIR(4)havebeenappliedtoidentifythestructuresofSWNTs.HoweverusingFEToneneedstofabricatethedevicesandmeasuretheirtransportationcharacteristics.UsingRamanspectroscopytoidentifyindividualnanotubesisoftenhamperedbythepoorlydefinedpositionandorientationofthenanotubes.Furthermore,afacileandeffectivemethodneedstobedevelopedtoevaluatethestructuraluniformityalongthelengthoftheSWNT.Inthispaper,wedemonstratethatcentimeter-longorientedSWNTarraysonaSiO2/SiwaferwithalowpercentageofM-SWNTs(

5%)canbegeneratedbyCVDusingFe/Monanoparticlesascatalystandethanolascarbonsource.Asimpleapproach,electrodepositionofsilveronlongorientedSWNTarrays,hasbeendevelopedtoidentifythestructureandtoevaluatethestructuraluniformityofanindividuallongSWNT,aswellbyusingRamanspectroscopy.Single-walledcarbonnanotubes(SWNTs)canbemetallicorsemiconductingandgenerallycoexistwith1/3metallicSWNTs(M-SWNTs)and2/3semiconductingSWNTs(S-SWNTs)inas-grownmaterials.OneofthemainchallengesistogeneratepureS-SWNTsorM-SWNTs.ParticularlyforSWNT-basedfieldeffecttransistor(FET)application,insitugrowthofwell-orientedS-SWNTswithhighdensityarerequired.SuperlongSWNTswiththesamechiralityanddiameterwillprovideanopport