2019外研社版高中英语必修一Unit 3 Family matters 知识清单(学生版)

阅读单词认读studion.courtn.curtainn.jawn.extraadj.summaryn.median.throughoutprep.enormouslyadv.disqualifyv.重点单词识记n.(书、剧本、电影等中的)人物,角色v.走近,靠近n.闲谈,聊天v.(把……)集中(于)n.职业,事业n.叹气,叹息(尤因厌烦、失望、疲倦等)n.一代(人)n.差距,差别adv.现时,当前adv.经常n.记忆,回忆adv.现今,现时n.胡须n.皮肤n.慢跑锻炼adj.苗条的,修长的n.面颊,脸颊n.国家n.(尤指社会或政治方面的)议题;争论的问题n.主题v.庆祝,过(节日、生日等)n.一系列n.活动(指演出、体育比赛、聚会等)n.作用,影响n.(报纸或杂志的)特写adv.一般,通常adj.独特的,与众不同的(一般含褒义)n.风格n.细节,细微之处v.包含,含有n.系列比赛n.跑道adv.明显地,显而易见地prep.尽管,虽然adj.全部的,整个的adj.好的,积极的num.许多,无数n.运动员,田径运动员n.奖牌,勋章adv.用某种方法,不知怎的adv.当然,确实(用于强调陈述或回答)核心词汇拓展__________n.律师→__________n.法律__________v.假定,假设,认为→__________n.假设,认为→__________conj.假定;假设__________v.&n.尊敬,敬重→__________adj.值得尊敬的;体面的→__________adj.恭敬的;表示敬意的__________v.忽视,不理→__________n.无知,愚昧→__________adj.无知的;愚昧的__________adj.职业的,专业的→__________n.职业,专业→__________n.教授;讲师;教员__________v.适合n.西服;套装→__________adj.适合的;适宜的__________n.天赋,才能→__________adj.有天赋的__________n.选择,可选择的东西→__________adj.可选择的__________adj.负有责任的,应承担责任的→__________n.责任__________v.力求达到n.目标;目的→__________adj.无目标的→__________adv.漫无目的地__________v.道歉→__________n.道歉__________n.重音,重读→__________adj.焦虑的→__________adj.有压力的__________n.强烈程度→__________v.加强→__________adj.强壮的__________v.钦佩,赞美,羡慕→__________adj.令人钦佩的→__________n.钦佩,羡慕__________v.判断,认为→__________n.判断力__________v.和解,结束(争论)→__________n.移民;殖民者→__________n.解决__________adj.强有力的,有影响(感染)力的→__________n.权力;能力→__________adj.无力的;无能的核心短语速记求助于;转向;变成集中注意力于……提高某人的嗓门为……自豪听从某人的建议把……抛在后面对……有影响全心全意地从事intheleadendup时而;有时settleforadorevt.崇拜;爱慕advancevi.推进,促进;前进advantagen.优点;好处advertisementn.广告advocatevt.鼓吹;提倡affordvt.负担得起(……的费用);提供agreementn.协议aggressiveadj.侵略的;有进取心的agriculturaladj.农业的agriculturen.农业airlinen.航空公司,航线alarmn.&v.警报;警告GrandfatherandFather,seatedatthetable,areplayingchess.(v.-ed作定语)祖父和父亲正坐在桌子旁下棋。Thinkaboutanothersituationinwhichyouneedtomakeanapologyandhaveasimilarconversation.(“介词＋which”引导的定语从句)考虑另外一个你需要道歉的情景并进行类似的对话。AlistairrantowardsJonny,caughthimandstartedpullinghimtowardsthefinishline.(并列谓语)阿利斯泰尔跑向乔尼,抓住他,并拖着他跑向终点。ButforAlistair,hisdecisionwaseasytoexplain：...(主语＋be＋adj.＋todo句式,todo主动形式表被动意义)但是对阿利斯泰尔而言,他的决定很容易解释：……Mumwouldn’thavebeenhappyifI’dleftJonnybehind.(if引导虚拟条件句)要是我撇下乔尼,妈妈肯定会不高兴的。Atthatmoment,hewasnolongeranathleteaimingforamedal—hewasjustabrother.(v.-ing作定语)在那一刻,他不再是一名想赢得奖牌的运动员——他只是一个哥哥。请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文,然后核对答案并背诵该短文。focus,apologise,despite,observe,medal,range,containIadmiremyolderbrotherwhoisalawyer.Healways1.__________hisattentiononhisworkandrespectseveryonearoundhim.Heisveryprofessionalandindeedsuccessfulinhisfield.Whenchattingwithhim,youwillfindhimpositiveandresponsible.Heisverybusy,but2.__________this,heisatalentedmaninsports.Notonlydoeshelikeplayingbasketball,butalsohelikesjogging.Heregularlyparticipatesinsportseventsandevengetsagold3.__________.Therefore,heisslimbutstrong.EverytimeIseehim,Ican’t4.__________mythrill.ThoughIamalittlegirl,heneverignoresme.Instead,heispatienttochatabouta5.__________ofmattersreportedonthemediaandsharehisopinionswithme.Howeverbusyheis,healwaysremembersmybirthdayand6.__________itformeeveryyear.Ifhedoessomethingwrong,he7.__________tomesincerely.Ilikemybrotherandrespecthimverymuch.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇approachv.走近,靠近n.接近;通路;方法•beapproaching正在/将要接近with...approaching在……快到的时候•anapproachto(doing)sth(做)某事的方法/途径;接近,靠近attheapproachof在快到……的时候Sofartheyhavediscussedthreenewapproachesto__________(keep)slim.Itisnotsurprisingthatmanykindsofbirdsflysouth__________theapproachofwinter.随着期末考试的临近,我变得越来越焦虑。(应用文写作之求助信),Ibecamemoreandmoreanxious.(with复合结构,approachn.),Ibecamemoreandmoreanxious.(with复合结构,approachv.)focusv.(把……)集中(于)n.焦点;焦距;中心focuson/upon...集中于……focusone’sattention/eyes/energy/effortson...集中某人的注意力/目光/精力/努力于……thefocusofattention注意的焦点Peopleareunderstressnowadays.Therefore,healthproblemshavebecomeincreasinglythefocus__________attention.Becausehefocusedhisattentiononhishomework,hedidn’tknowwhatwashappeningoutside.,hedidn’tknowwhatwashappeningoutside.(现在分词短语作状语),hedidn’tknowwhatwashappeningoutside.(with复合结构)assumevt.假定,假设;设想;认为[assumptionn.假定,假设;(责任的)承担;(权力的)获得]assumesb/sth(tobe)＋adj./n.假定/认为某人/某事(为)……Itisgenerallyassumedthat...人们普遍认为……assuming(that)...假设……ontheassumptionthat...假定……makeanassumption做出臆断Hewasassumed__________(be)oneofthemostcommittedlawyersinhisfield.人们普遍认为慢跑对心肺有益。joggingisbeneficialtoheartandlungs.假如我被选为学生会主席,我将组织更多丰富多彩的课外活动来丰富我们的学校生活。(应用文写作之申请信),Iwillorganizemorecolorfulafter-classactivitiestoenrichourschoollife.respectv.尊敬,敬重n.方面;尊重;敬意;问候(常用复数)(respectableadj.值得尊敬的;体面的,得体的respectfuladj.表示敬意的,尊敬的)respectsbforsth因为某事尊重某人show/haverespectfor...尊重……ineveryrespect在各方面giveone’srespectstosb向某人问候/致意inrespectof＝withrespectto至于,关于,就……而言Iabsolutelyrespectthishonestman__________hiswillingnesstohelpothersintrouble.到家后,代我向你父亲致意。Afterarrivalatyourhome,.在我们生活的许多方面,总有值得尊敬的人。关于我最尊敬的人,我不得不提到我的数学老师。(话题写作之最尊敬的人)(2020·全国Ⅰ,书面表达),therearealways__________people.___________________________________________________________,Ihavetomentionmymathsteacher.responsibleadj.负责的;有责任的(responsibilityn.责任;义务)beresponsibleforsth对……负责takeresponsibilityforsth对……负责Itissb’sresponsibilitytodosth.做某事是某人的职责。Nowthatyouhavegrownup,youshouldbe__________(responsibility)forwhatyouaredoingandsetanexampletothefuturegenerations.Asanathlete,youshouldtakeresponsibility__________yourbehaviorsinthetrackandfieldevents.呼吁人们保护我们的环境免受污染是我们的责任。(应用文写作之倡议书)toprotectourenvironmentfrombeingpolluted.aimn.目标;目的vt.&vi.瞄准;(向某方向)努力;力求达到;对准;目的在于(aimlessadj.无目标的)takeaimat瞄准……withtheaimof有……的目的aimat瞄准;目的在于aimsthatsb/sth用某物朝向/瞄准某人或某物aimtodo.../atdoing...旨在做……;力求达到……beaimedat目的是;旨在Iaim__________(try)outforatalentshowtoprovethatevenapersonwithnoarmsiscapableofplayingthepiano.I’mhere__________theaimofapologisingtoyouformyimpoliteness.我们将举办一次英语演讲比赛,旨在丰富我们的课外活动和练习英语口语。(话题写作之活动介绍)WewillhaveanEnglishspeechcontest,________________________________________________________________________________.(which引导定语从句)WewillhaveanEnglishspeechcontest,__________________________________________________________________.(分词作状语)apologisev.道歉(apologyn.道歉)makeanapologytosb(forsth)(因某事)向某人道歉owesbanapology应向某人道歉apologisetosbforsth因为某事向某人道歉Obviously,thestudenthadnootherchoicebuttoapologisetohisteacher__________themistakehehadmade.Theteachermadeasuggestionthatsheshouldapologisetoherdeskmateforherbadbehavior.→Theteachermadeasuggestionthatsheshould.(apologyn.)星期五下午我不能和你一起去书店了,我应向你道歉。(应用文写作之道歉信)IthefactthatIcannotgotothebookstorewithyouonFridayafternoon.settlevi.定居;安家;停留vt.使定居;使平静下来;安排;解决(settlementn.定居点;解决;移民settlern.移居者;殖民者)settledown(使)安定;安居;平静下来settlein/into安顿下来;习惯于;适应settledownto(doing)sth开始认真对待/做某事settlefor勉强接受,将就Havingsettled__________abeautifulvillage,hesettlesdowntohiswriting.Withthegovernment’said,millionsofpeopleaffectedbytheterribleearthquakehavemovedtothenew__________(settle).每天有许多艰难的问题要解决,我感到压力很大。(应用文写作之求助信),Ifeelgreatlystressed.(with复合结构)be＋adj.＋todo...ButforAlistair,hisdecisionwaseasytoexplain：...但是对阿利斯泰尔而言,他的决定很容易解释：……在“be＋adj.＋todo”结构中,不定式表示的动作与句子主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系时,用主动形式表示被动意义。用于此结构的常见形容词有：interesting,hard,difficult,easy,light,heavy,comfortable,cheap,expensive,pleasant等。即使这个问题很难解决,我也没有放弃,因为我坚信“有志者,事竟成”。,Ididn’tgiveitupbecauseIfirmlybelievedthat“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway”.竹子与健康、富饶和幸福的家庭有关。它们很容易照料,也很容易制成精美的礼物。(2020·全国Ⅱ)Bambooplantsareassociatedwithhealth,abundanceandahappyhome.They____________________andmakegreatpresents.(2022·全国乙)Therearealternativestoconstantwrittencommunication,suchasleavingvoicemessagesorhavingagroupchat.除了经常性的书面交流,还有其他选择,比如留下语音信息或进行群聊。(2022·全国乙)Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.对它们的检查越规律,铁路的安全性、可靠性和准时性就越能得到改善。(2021·北京)Andyetmessengersofthecomingdisturbancearelikelytobeignored.Weallwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine.然而这些警示信息很可能会被忽视。我们都希望事情能有所好转。(2020·新高考全国Ⅱ)Tosurviveintheforest,animalsmustclimb,jumporflyacrossthegaps.为了在森林里生存,动物必须攀爬、跳跃或飞越缝隙。(2020·天津)Makingafull-lengthclayfigurewouldnotexhaustmystrength—andthatiswhatIintendtodo!制作一个完整的黏土雕像不会耗尽我的体力——那是我试图想做的事情！提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍observeA.看到；注意到B.观察C.遵守D.庆祝Thoughhavinglivedabroadforyears,manyhomesickChinesestillobservetraditionalcustoms.Thescientistdevotedmostofhislifetimetoobservingthebehaviorofthechimps.CouldyoutellmehowyouusuallyobserveThanksgivingDayinyourcountry?Thethiefwasobservedtoopenthewindowandrunaway.快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思。Zactracksdownthemedal’srightfulowner,andreturnsit.__________Theministerissuedastatementtothepress.__________核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识__________(assume)thatIdothejob,Iwillshowmycreativityinanewway.Thegirlwenttopickupthebag__________(contain)hermedals,tearsstreamingdownhercheeks.__________(judge)fromhisnegativeattitudetowardsmath,hemusthavesufferedanentirefailureintheexam.Oneoftheinteresting__________(feature)ofthecityistheoldmarket,impressingtouriststhroughoutthecountry.It’sanhonourtobehereandtosharewithyouthestoryofhowthe__________(profession)hasinspiredmycreativity.Wedon’thavetoreadtheseprofessionalbooks,becausetheyare__________(option).Nottheworkersbutthemanageristaking__________(responsible)forthesafetyofthehighwayunderconstruction.Toexpressmy__________(apologize),Iintendtobuyyouabrand-newdictionary.Thetalentedpainterwassoabsorbedinpaintingthathedidn’tnoticeevening__________(approach).After__________(chat)onlinewithher,IamawarethatherapproachtolearningEnglishisindeedeffective.单句写作——应用文增分练(2021·北京)——因故周末不能赴约很遗憾我不能和你出去,因为我必须参加本周末由中学联合会举办的辩论比赛。(v.-ed作定语)这次旨在拓宽学生视野、丰富学生生活的比赛对我很有吸引力。(aimtodo)我被选中代表我的学校参加比赛,在比赛中我可以展示我的语言技能。(“介词＋which”引导定语从句)老实说,这个机会确实很难得到,我想好好利用它。(主语＋be＋adj.＋todo)我再次为没有按照承诺和你出去而道歉,如果你允许我另定时间,我将不胜感激。(apologisetosbfor)微型写作——续写提能练[教材续写语料]动作描写approachv.靠近chatvi.&n.聊天ignorevt.不理睬;忽视sighv.&n.叹气settlevi.定居;安家;停留vt.使定居;解决;安排apologisevi.道歉judgev.判断containvt.抑制人物描写talentn.天赋responsibleadj.负责任的→responsibilityn.责任jawn.下巴beardn.胡须skinn.皮肤slimadj.苗条的[续写语料运用]请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇,完成以下语段。然后核对答案并背诵该语段。(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)——母亲节给妈妈惊喜看到乱七八糟的场面,爸爸惊讶地张口结舌。珍娜低下头,泪流满面,为此向爸爸道歉。一半惊讶,一半担心,一种关心孩子们的责任感驱使父亲擦去她的眼泪。然后,爸爸说：“让我们一起做吧！”爸爸帮助他们成功地做了早餐。拿着早餐,双胞胎在接近妈妈的房间时有点紧张。妈妈一睁开眼睛,她就无法控制自己的情绪。“谢谢,亲爱的！”她哽咽地说。Seeingthemess,Dad’sjawdroppedopen.Jennaloweredherhead,and,withtearsonhercheeks.Halfsurprised,halfconcerned,drovethefathertowipeawayhertears.ThenDadsaid,“Let’sdoittogether！”Dadhelpedthemandmadethebreakfastsuccessfully.Withthebreakfastinhand,thetwinswerealittlenervous.ThemomentMomopenedhereyes,she.“Thankyou,mydarling!”shechoked.词形变化填空(每小题2分,共20分)The____________________downinahouseshapedlikeaship,tryingtoachievea__________withoutusingmilitaryforce.(settle)He__________tofindouttheanswerinthereferencebooks,butitwasnousereadingthebook__________.(aim)Inall__________ofourlife,therearealways__________peoplewhodeserveour__________.(respect)Inthisprofession,__________Smithdeservesourrespect,becauseheisindeed__________incommunicatingwithchildren.(profession)Theotherday,thelawyerboughtanew__________whichwas__________forhim.(suit)Althoughhewas__________,theworkmadehimsotiredthathedidn’thavethe__________towalkanyfurther.Hestillneededto__________hisbody.(strength)I’mafraidthatitisbeyondmy__________tomakea__________impactonthechildren.(power)__________fromhisexpression,the__________hisbrothermadeontheissuemadehimdissatisfied.(judge)I__________toherformybeingrude,butshedidn’tintendtoacce