Unit 4 Natural Disasters 单词课件-2023-2024学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

Unit4NaturalDisastersVocabularytornadodroughtlandslide/landfalltsunamifloodvolcaniceruptiontyphoonhurricanedisaster n.灾难；灾害；彻底失败的人或物anaturaldisaster自然灾难anairdisaster一场空难Thewholethingisatotaldisaster.整件事情就是彻头彻底的灾难。disastrous

adj.

极糟糕的；灾难性的；完全失败的slide

vi.&vt（使）滑行；滑动

slide-slid-slid-slidingaslidingdoor滑门；推拉门Isawamanslideonabananaskin.我看到有个人踩在香蕉皮上滑了一下。slideinto...悄悄进入……slideintoaroom偷偷溜进房间floodn.

洪水；大量

vi.淹没；大量涌入

vt.使灌满水；淹没theflood-hitarea洪灾地区floodwarnings洪水警告Theriverwasinflood.河水泛滥。afloodof/floodsof大量；大批floodsofrain倾盆大雨afloodofmusic海量的音乐Heavyrainfallsfloodedthevillage.大雨淹没了村庄。Schoolswithbetterreputationswillbefloodedwithapplications.较有名气的学校将会收到如潮水涌至般的申请。rescue

n.&vt.营救；救援arescueteam 救援队rescueworkers 救援人员cometoone’srescue 来援救某人rescue...from...

把……从……营救出来①

Thefirefightersrescuedfivechildren

theburninghouseyesterday.②

Itwaswiththehelpofthelocalguidethatthemountainclimber__________(rescue).fromwasrescueddamagevt.损害；破坏

n.损坏；损失damageone’shealth 损害某人的健康cause/dodamagetosth 对……造成损害

damages损害赔偿金Hewasorderedtopaydamagesof$30,000.他被责令支付3万美元的损害赔偿金。众所周知，抽烟会损害我们的健康。①

Asweallknow,smokingcan______________

________

_.(damagen.)②

Itiswellknownthatsmokingcan_____________

_.(damagevt.)do/causedamagetoourhealthdamageourhealthdestroy

vt.

摧毁；毁灭你若折我姐妹翅膀我定毁你整座天堂。

you_______mysister’swings,Iwill_______yourwholeparadise.Ifbreakdestroydestroyone’sconfidence/hope/faith摧毁某人的信心/希望/信仰evacuate

vt.疏散；撤出

vi.撤离beevacuatedfrom从……中撤离为躲避轰炸，孩子们都撤离里伦敦。Childrenwere

Londontoescapethebombing.evacuatedfromevacuationn.疏散；撤离affect

vt.

影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动(1)affectsb./sth.

影响某人/某事

be(deeply)affectedby被（深深）打动了(2)effectn. 作用；影响

haveaneffecton/uponsth. 对……产生影响comeintoeffect 生效；开始实施takeeffect 开始起作用，见效；生效，开始实施Thegovernmentmustfindoutthecauseandeffectofthetsunami，whichhasgreatly

affectedthewholearea.说出下列句子中affect的含义①Affectedbythemovingstory,heburstintotears.___

______②Diseasesaffectalmosteveryoneatsometimeduringtheirlives._____

______③Thediseaseisbeginningtoaffecthiseyesight.____

________vt.深深打动vt.（疾病）侵袭vt.（疾病）侵袭shelter

n.避难处；居所；庇护

vt.保护；掩蔽

vi.

躲避

(风、雨或危险)find/takeshelterfrom

躲避…… undertheshelterof

在……的庇护下 shelterfrom

躲避……【注意】shelter作名词，意为“遮盖物；躲避处；避难所”时，为可数名词；意为“居所；住处”和“保护；掩盖；庇护”时，为不可数名词。①(2009湖北改)Someparentsarejusttooprotective.Theywanttosheltertheirkids

everykindofdanger,realorimagined. ②Weshouldfind

thewind.我们应该找个避风的地方。③Theywerestandingundertheshelter

ahugetree.fromashelterfromofasif似乎；好像；仿佛Itseemsasif...似乎……Itlooksasif...看上去好像……Itseemsasifhewon’tbeabletocomethisweekItlooksasiftherearegoingtobealotofdifficulties.asif虚拟语气用法总结当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时，asif从句用虚拟语气。如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。如果从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had+过去分词”。如果从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might+动词原形”。如果从句中的谓语动词是系动词“be”,一律用“were”Youlookasifyoudidn’tcare.你看上去好像并不在乎。HetalksaboutRomeasifhehadbeentherebefore.他说起罗马来好像他以前去过罗马似的。Heopenedhismouthasifhewouldsaysomething.他张开嘴好像要说什么。Shetreatshimasifhewereherborther.她把他当成弟弟。ruin

n.&vt.

破坏；毁坏be/lieinruins

成为废墟；毁灭fallintoruin

成为废墟；破败不堪ruinone’shope/future/health毁掉某人的希望/将来/健康ruinoneself

自我毁灭Havinggonethroughtwoworldwars,thecastlehasfallenintoruin.ruinedadj.毁坏了的；严重受损的（只用于名词前）shock

n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克

vt.(使)震惊shocking

adj.令人震惊的shockedadj.感到震惊的inshock 震惊地；吃惊地beshockedat/by... 对……吃惊beshockedtodosth. 做某事很吃惊Youmustgetusedtothenewenvironmenttodealwithcultureshock.①Thenews

(shock)

thepublic,leadingtogreatconcernaboutstudents’safetyatschool.②Thenewsofhissuddendeathisso

thateveryoneisverymuch

atit.（shock）③

(shock)

attheunexpectedguestandgift,Iwasatalosswhattosay.shockedshockingshockedShockedtrap

vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套

n.

险境；陷阱betrappedin...

被困于……trapsb.intodoingsth. 诱骗某人做某事setatrap 设置陷阱/布下圈套fallintoatrap 落入圈套①Therewasapowerfailure,sothey__________(trap)inthelift.②Bycleverquestioning,theytrappedhim

__________tellingthetruth.weretrappedintobury vt.埋葬；安葬burysthin...把……埋进…… beburiedin=buryoneselfin埋头于；专心致志于Sheburiedherfaceinhandsandweptwhensheheardthebadnews.

(bury)inhisstudy,hedidn’tknowalltheothershadleft.Apartfromfinishingmyhomework,I’dliketobury

(I)inlearningsomethingmoreabouttherobot.Buriedmyselfbreathe

vi.&vt.呼吸breathein吸入breatheout呼出breathn.呼吸outofbreath喘不上气；上期不接下气；气喘吁吁takeadeepbreath深呼吸effort

n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力sparenoefforttodosth.不遗余力地做某事makean/everyefforttodosth.尽（全）力做某事witheffort费力地effortlessadj.不需要费力的；容易的We’ll

tryourbesttohelpyou,butyoumustgetpreparedtomeetallkindsofdifficulties.We’llmakeevery/anefforttohelpyou,butyoumustgetpreparedtomeetallkindsofdifficulties.We’ll

sparenoeffortstohelpyou,butyoumustgetpreparedtomeetallkindsofdifficulties.suffer

vt.遭受；蒙受

vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦sufferfrom...

患……病；因……而受苦sufferfromcoldandhunger 忍饥挨冻sufferlosses/pains 遭受损失/痛苦sufferingn. 苦难，痛苦sufferern. 受难者①Alotofmoneyhasbeencollectedtohelpthose

(suffer)fromthefloods.②Shereceivedmanylettersofsupportfromsomecancer___________(suffer).③Thesurvivornevertalkedabouthis

(suffer)inthedisaster.sufferingsufferersuffering(s)supplyn.供应（量）；补给；[pl]补给品vt.供应；供给supplyanddemand

供应与需求 aplentifulsupplyof

有大量……inshortsupply供应不足school/medical/relief/emergencysupplies学校用品/医疗用品/救援物资/应急物资 supplysthtosb=supplysbwithsth给某人供应某物①I’dliketoknowthereasonwhythemilkis

shortsupplyinthisareanow.②Weshouldeatfreshvegetablesandfruiteveryday,whichsupplyrichandnecessaryvitamins

us.intosurvive

vi.生存；存活

vt.幸存；艰难度过surviveon依靠……生存下来survivefrom从……存活下来，流传下来survive...by比……活得长survivor

n.幸存者survival

n.[U]幸存；[C]残存物①Idon’tknowhowyoucansurvive

solittlemoney.②Hediedin1940,buthiswifesurvivedhim

another20years.③Laterallthe

(survive)wererescuedincludingTom’swife.onbysurvivorspower

n.电力供应；力量；能量；控制力cometopower上台；执政（动作）beinpower

执政；掌权（状态）beyondone’spower超出某人的能力范围world/industrialpowers世界强国/工业大国powerstation发电站powerfailure停电powerfuladj.强大的powerlessadj.五影响力的；无权的Asisknowntous,knowledgeispower.emergency

n.突发事件；紧急情况anemergencyexit/call/kit/room紧急出口/紧急呼叫/急救箱/急诊室emergentadj.新兴的；处于发展初期的emergentnations/states新兴民族/国家calm

adj.镇静的；沉着的

vt.使平静；使镇静calmdown 平静下来calmsb.down 使某人镇定下来keep/staycalm 保持镇静calmlyadv.冷静地；平静地aid

n.援助；帮助；救援物资

vi.&vt.(formal)

帮助；援助givefirstaidtosb. 对某人急救withtheaidof... 在……的帮助下cometoone’said 帮助某人帮助某人做某事：aidsb.indoingsth.aidsb.withsth.aidsb.todosth.Withtheaidofourteachers,welearnedhowtodofirstaid.onhand

现有（尤指帮助）Nowforouremergencysupplies,wewouldsuggestalwayshavingonhandenoughwaterandfoodforthreedays.关于应急物资，我们建议始终备有够使用三天的水和食物。与hand相关的短语：ontheonehand一方面

inhand

在手头；在进行中；在控制中ontheotherhand另一方面

handin 交上；提交；呈送handinhand

手拉手

handover 交出；移交crash

vt.&vi.碰撞；撞击

n.撞车；碰撞crashinto/onto撞到……里/上Hiscarcrashedintoatreewhilehewasdrivinginthesnowstorm.sweepaway消灭；彻底消除Fishermen,tourists,hotels,homes,andcarsweresweptawaybyhugewavescausedbythestrongearthquake.渔民、游客、酒店、住房和汽车都被强震所引发的巨浪卷走。与away相关的短语：takeaway带走；拿走

runaway 逃避；回避giveaway赠送；泄露

goaway

走开；消失wave

n.海浪；波浪

vi.&vt.挥手；招手wavegoodbyetosb.向某人挥手告别waveto/atsb.向某人告别awaveof一阵……strike

vi侵袭；突击；击打

n.

罢工；罢课；袭击strikeamatch划火柴Itstrikessbthat从句某人突然意识到……bestruckby被……打动/迷住 strikefor...为……而罢工goonstrike罢工strikeabalance达到平衡strikeadeal达成协议strickenadj.受灾的；患病的；受苦的strikern.罢工者；（足球的）前锋；（棒球的）击球手①Theboyfell,

(strike)hisheadontheedgeofthetable.（撞）②Aterribleearthquake