2023-2024学年初高中衔接英语之词类课件

词-句-篇词实词虚词名词(n.)，数词(num.),形容词（adj.）副词（adv.）动词（V.）代词（pron.）冠词（art.）介词（prep.）连词(conj.)叹词(int.)+人称代词冠词.（art.）1.类别a/an:泛指the:特指2.用法（1）an用于元音音素开头一小时一个诚实的男孩一份荣誉anhouranhonestboyanhonour特殊：auniqueperson一个独一无二的人auniversity一所大学auniverse一个宇宙the用法①西洋乐器前②序数词前③adj/adv.最高级前thefirst,thesecond,thethird,thefourth,thefifth举一反三：oneofthemostpopulartouristattractions最受欢迎的旅游景点之一④独一无二的事物前playtheviolin/guitar拉小提琴/弹吉他themosthandsomeboy最帅气的男孩oneofthehotteststars最炙手可热的明星之一thesun太阳,themoon月亮,theGreatWall长城,theearth地球good/well-better-bestbad/badly-worse-worst⑥the+adj.指一类人：

⑦固搭:⑧特指上文提到的人或事⑤世纪前inthe2020s在21世纪20年代therich富人thepoor穷人thedisabled残疾人theblind盲人thedeaf失聪的人atthesametime同时taketheplaceof代替，取代one…theother一个…另一个forthefirsttime第一次inthepast18years在过去的18年里Thereisacatinthetree.Thecatisblack.名词专有名词(ProperNouns)普通名词(CommonNouns)个体名词(IndividualNouns)集体名词(CollectiveNouns)物质名词(MaterialNouns)抽象名词(AbstractNouns)不可数名词(UncountableNouns)可数名词(CountableNouns)success/failure/hopeoil/water/paperfamily/armyactor/he/sheNoun.（n.）1.定义（Definition）2.类别（Type）3.识别（Recognition）常见名词后缀①-tion/-ation/-ssion:action行动,education教育,nation民族,suggestion建议,expression表达,conclusion总结②-or/-er/-ist/-ian（人）:actor,farmer,artist,musician③-ment（v-n.):agreement一致,development发展,argument争论④-ness(adj.-n.):happiness,sadness,kindness善良⑤-ty:safety安全,reality现实,ability能力,beauty美,difficulty困难⑥-ship:friendship,membership⑦-ance/-ence:importance,difference⑧-y(v.-n.):recovery恢复,discovery发现⑨-al(v.-n.):arrival到达,survival幸存,approval支持4.考点（Importantpoints）（1）可数n.变复数

①一般情况加“s”

book-booksbox-boxes;dish-dishes;watch-watches;class-classes②以-x,-s,-sh,-ch结尾的加es③以f或fe结尾，将f,fe变成vesleaf-leaves;knife-knives;thief-thieves④辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i加escity-cities;story-stories;country-countries⑥以o结尾的部分单词直接加es（黑人英雄爱吃土豆和马铃薯）negro,hero,tomato,potato⑦不规则man-men;foot-feet;sheep,fish（单复数同形）child-children⑤元音字母+y结尾，直接加sday-days;boy-boys考点衔接2.（2021全国乙卷）____________________（activity）thererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking（远足）andaccommodation.Activities3.（2021新高考I)Therollingseaofcloudswillremindyouhowtinywe______(human)are.1.（2021全国甲卷）Butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesand__________（watchtower)totakepictures.watchtowershumans（2）常考不可数名词（改错）information（信息）,furniture（家具）,knowledge（知识）,advice（建议）,homework/housework,progress（进步）,equipment（设备）,experience（经验）特殊：含义不同:work工作[U]

作品[C]paper纸[U]文件[C]抽象名词具体化：success成功[U]成功的人或事[C]attraction吸引力[U]有吸引力的人或事[C]考点链接1.Besides,theyoftengetsomeusefulinformationsfromtheinternet.information2.Wecanbroadenourviewandgainknowledgeswecannotgetfrombooks.knowledge（3）n.变adj.考点衔接1.The__________（beauty）longbranchescoveredwithpink-coloredbuds（蓓蕾）makefantasticdecorations.2.As__________（nature）architects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredout…beautifulnaturaladj.+n.:abeautifulgirl系动词（be动词+adj.:Iamhungry.二、名词所有格‘s/s’:Jack’sbooks;theteachers’officen.+of+n.无生命的thecoverofthebook书皮有生命的，但定语较长theclassroomsofthethird-yearstudents三年级学生的教室形容词（adj.）和副词（adv.）1.常见adj.后缀①-able:

unbelievable难以置信的reliable可信赖的drinkable可以喝的④-al:natural自然的national国家的special特殊的usual通常的actual实际的③-ful/-lesshopeful/hopeless,harmful/harmless,useful/useless,wonderful精彩的，powerful有力量的v.+able---adj.n.+able---adj.valuable有价值的reasonable合理的comfortable舒服的②-ible:possible可能的horrible可怕的terrible可怕的n.+al---adj.n.+ful/less---adj.⑤-ous:obvious显而易见的famous著名的dangerous危险的curious好奇的various各种各样的⑥-ive:expensive昂贵的native本土的positive积极的negative消极的⑦-ant/-ent:important重要的different不同的excellent优秀的⑧-ar:popular受欢迎的regular有规律的particular特殊的⑨-ic:public公共的scientific科学的historic历史的⑩-ary:necessary必要的voluntary志愿的contrary相反的⑪-ed（人）/-ing（物）:excited/exciting,interested/interesting⑫-y:healthy,wealthy,windyv.+ed/ing---adj.n.+y---adj.2.常见adv.后缀:-ly特例：friendly友好的lively,生动的lonely,孤独的likely可能的deadly致命的daily日常的smelly发臭的silly傻的（adj.）3.考点1.adj.变n.冠词+名词冠词+形容词+名词介词+名词Eg.1.Despitethegrowing_______(important)ofcomputers,somepeoplekeepwriting______(person)letters.2.Carshavebecomeapopularmeansoftransport,bringgreat________(convenient)toourlife.3.Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular___________________（interesting）toscientists.4.Filledwith________(curious),theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.importancepersonalconvenienceinterestcuriosity写出下列形容词的名词。curiousresponsiblepossiblerealstrongweakhappyhopelesscuriosityresponsibilitypossibilityrealitystrengthweaknesshopelessnesshappiness2.adj.变adv.adv.+adj.:avery

honestboyadv.:Ipushthedoorvery

hard.V.:Youwrite

carefully.句：

Luckily,Ipassedtheexam.介词短语：Thecompanyisbadlyinneedofnewblood.adj.变adv.口诀①形变副有规律，后缀ly加上去clear-clearly,great-greatly②e结尾，要注意，前为元音要去etrue-

truly③若是结尾le,前为辅音e变ysimple-simply;possible-possibly④y结尾不读/ai/，先要把y变成ihappy-happily,heavy-heavily⑤ic结尾加ally,public要除外basic-basically,scientific-scientifically,public-publiclyble,tle,ple结尾的e变yEg.1.Heryearsofhardworkhave___________（final）beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominatedhertoCheshire’sWomanoftheYear.2.Andchopsticksshouldnotbe___________（vertical）inabowofriceorotherfood.3.______________（obvious）,theyprefertoputontraditionalHanfu,orHanclothing.4.Itis__________（gradual）fadingaway.finallyverticallyObviouslygradually特殊：good(adj.)-well(adv.)写出下列形容词的副词。angryresponsiblepossibletruegentleluckyhappyshyangrilyresponsiblypossiblytrulygentlyluckilyshylyhappilyfortunatefortunatelyscientificscientifically1.直接加­er，­estsmall（小）-smaller（更小）-smallest（最小）2.以“e”结尾的词，在后面加­r，­stfine（好）-finer（更好）-finest（最好）3.以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的变y为i，再加­er，­esteasy（容易）-easier（更容易）-easiest（最容易）4.以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加­er，­estfat（胖）-fatter（更胖）-fattest(最胖）5.其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级popular（受欢迎的）-morepopular（更受欢迎的）-mostpopular（最受欢迎的）（1）规则变化3.adj./adv.的级比较级最高级标志词：than/even标志词theTip:元音字母a,e,i,o,u原级比较级最高级betterworseoldoldest/eldestmuch/manymostlittleless(2)不规则变化：good/wellbestolder/elderbad/badlyworstmoreleast（3）常考结构：①the+比较级，the+比较级越......越......ThemoreyouspeakEnglish,thebetteryourEnglishwillbecome.你讲英语越多，你的英语就会变得越好。②比较级+and+比较级越来越......betterandbetter越来越好③否定词+比较级（表最高级）I

couldn'tagreewithyoumore.我完全同意你。④oneof+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数Mr.Kongisoneofthetallestboys.小孔是最高的男孩之一。⑤the+序数词+adj.最高级ShanghaiisthesecondlargestcityinChina.上海是中国第二大城市。eg.1.Itfared_________(badly)thanEuropeancities.2.Normally,the________(fine)teaisgrownataltitudesof900to2100meters.3.Itcouldn'tbeany_______(great).4.Xinjiangisbecoming________(green)andgreener.5.Tommyisoneofthe________(excellent)Englishspeakersinclass.worsefinestgreatergreenermostexcellent数词（num.）基数词（表示数目）序数词（表示顺序）（1）考点一：常见数词①写出数字1-15对应的英语。1:one;2:two;3:three;4:four;5:five;6:six;7:seven;8:eight;9:nine;10:ten;11:eleven;12:twelve;13:thirteen;14:fourteen;15:fifteen②写出下列数字。2030405060708090百千百万亿twenty;thirty;fourty;fifty;sixty;seventy;eighty;ninety;hundred;million;billion③写出序数词第1至第12，第20和第31。first;second;third;fourth;fifith;sixth;seventh;eighth;ninth;tenth;eleventh;twelfth;twentieth;thirty-first（2）考点二：分数表达法①分子基数词，分母序数词，若分子大于1，则分母用复数1/4:one-fourth2/5:two-fifths7/10;3/4seven-tenths;three-fourths②百分数：基数词+percent百分之43:43percent（3）考点三：年龄表达法①确切年龄MissLiis25yearsold.MissLiisattheageof25.改错基数词+yearsold/attheageof+基数词②某人几十多岁时：inone's+逢十的基数词(tens,twenties;thirties）Youarestillinyourtens.你们才十几岁。介词（prep.）介词无法在句中独立担当成分，其后一般接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。介+n./prop./V-ing.一、介词分类（1）结构简单介词：at;in;on;for;with;from;out合成介词：without;inside;outside短语介词：accordingto根据；becauseof因为；apartfrom除......之外（2）词义表时间：at;in;on;during在......期间;before在.......之前;after在......之后表地点：at;in;under在......下面;behind在......后面表原因：for;with;dueto;thanksto;owingto因为表手段、方式：by;in;with用表让步：despite;inspiteof尽管二、核心介词用法（1）表“时间”的介词:at;on;in①at+具体时刻at10:30am在早上十点半atnoon在正午atdawn在黎明atmidnight在午夜atdusk在黄昏②on+具体某一天/星期几/节日onMarch14th在3月14日onTomb-SweepingDay在清明节onthemorningofMarch14th在3月14日的早上③in+年份/月份/世纪/朝代/季节/上午/下午/晚上in2022inMarch在三月inthe2020s在21世纪20年代inthemorning/afternoon/evening在早上/下午/晚上Showtime:在2022年3月13日下午5点半at5:30ontheafternoonofMarch13thin2022（2）表“地点”的介词:at;in①in+大地方inXinjiang在新疆②at+小地方atschool在学校（3）常考介词短语①at:atfirst=atthebeginningof开始；

attheendof在......的末端beamzedat对......惊讶②in:inasense从某种意义上说；inchargeof主管；负责；infavorof支持;inadditionto除了③on:onbehalfof代表;onthecontrary相反;focuson专注于④with:withthehelpof在......的帮助下⑤to:toone's+名词（令某人......的是）⑥under:undercontrol/discussion在控制/讨论之中Exercise1.______theway,what'syourname?2.Soscientistshavecomeup_______ashockingidea.3.Aincidenthappening______arainySundayafternoonchangedmyattitude.4.Joshuawasborn________August25,1877_______NewYork.Bywithononin写出下列英文表达。在3月15日onMarch15th在劳动节onMayDay在3月15日的晚上ontheeveningofMarch15th在九月inSeptember在19世纪70年代inthe1870s在104室inRoom104代词（pron.）一、定义在句子中代替名词或名词词组的词类。二、分类人称代词物主代词反身代词指示代词this这个；that那个these这些those那些such这类的some一些关系代词（定从）不定代词三、考点（一）人称代词、反身代词、物主代词代词人称代词物主代词反身代词人称数主格(放动词之前)宾格（放动词、介词之后）形容词性物主代词（后接名词）名词性主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词第一人称单数复数第二人称单数复数第三人称单数复数代词人称代词物主代词反身代词人称数主格(放动词之前)宾格（放动词、介词之后）形容词性物主代词（后接名词）名词性主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词第一人称单数I我me我my我的mine我的myself我自己复数we我们us我们our我们的oursourselves我们自己第二人称单数you你you你your你的yours你的yourself你自己复数you你们you你们your你们的yours你们的yourselves你们自己第三人称单数he他him他his他的his他的himself他自己she她her她her她的hers她的herself她自己it它it它its它的its它的itself它自己复数theythemtheirtheirsthemselves填上正确的人称代词和物主代词1._____ismyfriend.他是我的朋友。2.Mydoglikes_____.

我的狗喜欢她。3.Whoisthere?It’s_____.是谁啊？是我。4.Comewith_____.跟我来。5.______classroomisbiggerthan_____.

你们的教室比我们的要大。6.______areChinese.

我们是中国人。7.Iwanttobuysomeballoonsfor______.

我想买些气球送给他。8.Theseare______photos.

这些是我们的照片。9._____like______verymuch.他们非常喜欢它。HehermemeYouroursWehimourTheyit10.Let_____give_____abook.

让我给你一本书。11.Thisis_____father.这是我的爸爸。12.Isthatbike______?Yes,it’s______.那辆自行车是你的吗？是，它是我的。13._____like______car.

我喜欢他们的小汽车。14.Ourschoolishere,and_______isthere.我们的学校在这儿，他们的在那儿。15.Whosebikeisthis?It’s______(=___________).这是谁的自行车？是她的。16.Isthatcar______?Yes,it’s______.

那辆车是你的吗？是的，它是我的。meyoumyyoursmineItheirtheirshersherbikeyoursmine用所给词的适当形式填空。

1.

Shall________(we)gotothezoobybusorbybike?

2.MsDingteaches_______(we)maths.

3.Bobloves_______(he)motherverymuch.

4.

Dotheyknow________(they)newteacher?

5.

________(we)newmodelplanecanflyveryhigh.

6.

Ihavealovelycat,______(it)nameisCarl.

7.

Jimisaverygoodboy.Wealllike______(he).

8.

TheboyunderthetreeisHenry.Thisis_______(he)bike.

9.

Shedoesn’tlike_______(she)newdressatall.10.Whobought(买)itfor______(she)?

11.

Whoisthemanoverthere?

________is_______(we)

headmaster.

12.

Isthisredcoatyours?

No,_________isyellow.weushistheirOuritshimhisherherHeourMine（二）反身代词固搭①devoteoneselfto献身于，致力于②byoneself独自地③applyoneselfto专心致志于④enjoyoneself玩得开心⑤dressoneself打扮，自己穿衣代词人称代词物主代词反身代词人称数主格(放动词之前)宾格（放动词、介词之后）形容词性物主代词（后接名词）名词性主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词第一人称单数复数第二人称单数复数第三人称单数复数（三）不定代词both=2两者都both...and①ShiKaiandLuoHaohao,bothofthemarefromShaanxi.all≧3全部都改错either两者中的任何一个either...or...要么......要么......neither两者都不neither...nor...既不......也不...②AllofusareChinese.③Herearetwopens.Youmaytakeeitherofthem.④ShehadlivedinLondonandManchester,butshelikesneitherandmovedtoCambridge.1.both;all;either;neither2.①one...theother...一个......另一个......Ihavetwofavoriteactors.OneisZhuYawen,theotherisGuoJinfei.②some...others...一些......另一些......Ther