2023学年完整公开课版虚拟语气1

人教课标高二选修6

Unit1Unit1Art虚拟语气SubjunctiveMood(I)虚拟语气在英语中，表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测，要用虚拟语气。虚拟语气可以用于条件状语从句、主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等。本节课我们主要学习if条件从句和wish后的宾语从句中表示现在或将来情况的虚拟语气的用法。【观察体会】请看下图及对话，体会表示现在的虚拟语气的用法。A:Whydon’tourgrandchildrenvisitusmoreoften?B:Theydon’thaveenoughtime.Iftheyhadmoretime,they’dvisitusmoreoften.A:IwonderwhyFredworkssohard.B:Idon’tknow.Hemustlikehisjob.A:Ifhedidn’tlikehisjob,hewouldn’tworksohard.A:Doyouenjoydrivingaschoolbus?B:Notreally.IwishIdroveataxi.A:CanJonathandance?B:No,hecan’t,buthewisheshecould.Ifhecoulddance,he’dgodancingeverynight.1.虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中(1)表示与现在事实相反的假设,条件

状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式(be动词的过去式用were)”,

而主句中的谓语动词“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。虚拟语气IfI

were

aboy,I

would

jointhearmy.What

would

youdoifyou

won

thelottery?IfI

won

thelottery,I

would…IfI

wonthelottery,I

would

buyanexpensive

car.

IfI

had

alotofmoney,I

would

buyavilla.IfI

had

alotofmoneynow,I

would

travelaroundthe

world.IfI

had

alotofmoney,Iwould

goshopping.a.Ifthey____(be)here,they__________(take)youradvice.b.Iftheworld-war_____(burst)outagain,what_____________(happen)toourpeopleonearth?werewouldtakeburstwouldhappenc.Ifthepoliceman________(benot)inthatroom,it________(be)verydangerous.d.IfI_____(be)inyourposition,I_________(ask)forteacher’shelp.werenotcouldbewerewouldaskChooseoneofthetopicsanddiscussitingroups.1.

Youhadadreamthatyouwereateacher.

Whatwouldyoudoifyouwereateacher?2.

Supposeyouwonalotofmoney.What

wouldyoudowiththemoney?IfI

____

ateacher,I

…were(2).与过去的事实相反从句的谓语用had＋过去分词,构成IfI(we,you,he,they)＋had＋过去分词的形式；主句的谓语用should(第一人称)/would(第二、三人称)/could/mighthave＋动词过去分词。Ifhe__________morecarefully,

he_________________thecaraccidentyesterday.haddriven

wouldnothavehad

IfI__________howtoswim,I__________________trappedinthisisland.hadlearnt

wouldnothavebeen

a.IfTom________(be)morecarefulintheexam,he________________(pass)italready.b.Ifyou_______(get)upearlier,you________________(catch)thefirsttrain.hadbeenwouldhavepassedhadgotwouldhavecaughtc.IfI________(meet)youyesterday,we_______________(go)totheconcerttogether.hadmetwouldhavegoneSolve

problemsThestudentsfailedtheEnglishexam.

Couldyougivehimsomesuggestions?OneofyourfriendgotHN1lastyear.Hesufferedalot.Whatcouldyoudohelphim?(3).与将来事实相反从句的谓语用IfI(we,you,he,they)＋动词过去式或weretodo或shoulddo形式,主句谓语用should(第一人称)/would(第二、三人称)/could/might＋动词原形。Ifyousucceeded,everythingwould

beallright.Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifhe

got

upearly,

he

wouldbe

ontime.假如他来了,我们对他说什么呢？Ifhe

wereto

come,what

should

wesaytohim.假如他看见我,就会认识我。Ifhe

should

seeme,he

would

knowme.a.Ifthere_________(be)nonaturalresourceanymore,we___________(make)useofnuclearpower.b.What____________(happen)ifyou____________(getup)toolatetomorrow?shouldbeshouldmakewouldhappenshouldgetupc.IfRobots______________(control)theworldsomeday,here_________(be)nofriendship.weretocontrolwouldbe

主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主从句位于动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这叫做混合条件句。例句中从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。

Ifyou

hadasked

himyesterday,you

would

know

whattodonow.Ifthestaff

hadbeen

morecareful,

themall

wouldnotbe

onfirenow.条件从句If从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在过去时(were)would/could/should/might+v.(原)虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。条件从句If从句的谓语形式

主句的谓语形式过去过去完成时would/could/should/might+have+p.p.条件从句If从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式未来1.过去时2.should+v.3.weretodowould/could/should/might+v.(原)二.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法1.在动词wish后的宾语从句中,表示与现在或过去的事实相反,或对将来的主观愿望,从句通常省略连词that。1)表示对现在情况的虚拟:

从句动词用过去式或过去进行式(be动词一般用were)。IwishI

were

astallasyou.IwishI

were

abird.Iwisheveryday

were

mybirthday.Iwish/wishedI

hadn’t

eatensomuchwatermelon.(2)表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用“had＋过去分词”。Thepartywasterrible,IwishI

had

nevergonetoit.(3)表示对将来的主观愿望:从句动词形式为“

would＋动词原形”。注意:

主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同,因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿(非动物名词除外)。但愿你立刻来。Iwishyouwouldcomesoon.Iwishit

would

raintomorrow.2.表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。

常见动词：

一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。即:insist2.order,command3.advise,suggest,propose4.demand,require,request,desire这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气。即从句中的动词使用should+动词原形，或者将should省略。e.g.我们建议Tom去休息一下。他坚决要求我到场。WesuggestedthatTom(should)have

arest.HeinsistedthatI(should)bepresent.Thekingorderedthattheprisoners(should)bekilledthenextday.Theyrequestedthatwe(should)send

themtoworkthere.国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。

以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。即：(should)＋v.order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desireIt’ssuggestedthattheplan

becarriedout.Mydemandisthatshe

shouldcome

toseemeonceaweek.Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactory

shouldbe

closeddown.

insist/suggest不接虚拟的用法1.Sheinsistedthatshewas

right.

她坚持认为自己是对的。（坚持事实）2.Hisuncleinsiststhatheshould

notstayinthehotel.

他的叔叔坚持要求他不要待在旅馆里。2.Thelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewas

unhappy.Isuggestedthattheteachers’wages(should)beincreased.3.It’s(about/high)time+(that)…should+v.过去时你该走了。我们该去睡觉了。It’stimethatyouwent.It’stimethatyoushouldgo.It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’stimethatweshouldgotobed.(should不可省略)asif/asthough由asif(asthough)

或eventhough(eventhough)

引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时,从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be用were)或“had＋过去分词”。Hebehavesasifhe

owned

thehouse.(Buthedoesn’townitorprobablydoesn’townitorwedon’tknowwhetherheownsitornot.)ShetalksaboutRomeasthoughshe

had

beenthereherself.他那样对待我,好像我是陌生人似的。HetreatsmeasifIwereastranger.注意:如果表示的事情可能会发生,那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。Evenifshewerehere,shecouldnotsolvetheproblem.4.wouldrather(that)现在：过去：将来：Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucame

tomorrow.过去时过去时过去完成时关于虚拟语气辩析1关于虚拟语气辩析2关于虚拟语气辩析3关于虚拟语气辩析4关于虚拟语气辩析5根据语境或括号内的提示，用虚拟语气完成下列对话。1.A:Whydoesn’tSallygetgoodgrades?B:Shedoesn’tstudyenough.If___________________________________________2.A:Whydon’tIfeelenergetic?B:Youdon’tsleepenough.If_____________________________________shestudiedenough,she’dgetgoodgrades.yousleptenough,you’dfeelenergetic.3.A:IwonderwhyAlanmakessomanymistakes.B:Idon’tknow.Hemustbecareless.A:You’reprobablyright.If___________________________________________________________4.A:DoesMr.Robinsonenjoybeingateacher?