北京市朝阳区2022-2023学年高二上学期期末质量检测英语试卷2

北京市朝阳区2022~2023学年度第一学期期末质量检测高二英语(考试时间100分钟满分100分)本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。第一部分知识运用(共三节，30分)第一节完形填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。BreakdownandStart-upJustovertwoyearsago,Iwasdrivinghomefairlylateonenightonaquiet,remoteroadwhenanothercarsuddenlymovedtowardsmewithgreat___1___.Ihadtomakeasuddenandquicksidewaysmovementto___2___hittingitandIalmosthitatree.LuckilyIwasn’thurt,butIcouldn’tgetmycartostart.Ithadbrokendown.Ifeltquite___3___asitwaslateandtherewerehardlyanyothercarsaround.I___4___myroadsideassistancecompanyforhelpandtheytoldmesomeonewouldbethereinaroundoneandhalfanhour.Afteraboutfifteenminutes,apassingcar___5___andastrongmanwithaseriousfacesteppedoutofthecar.HeaskedifIneeded___6___andItoldhimwhathadhappened.He___7___offeredtostaywithmeuntilroadsideassistancearrived.IwasuncertainaboutwhattodobecauseIwasnervousanduneasy.Therewassomethingverycalmandcomfortableinhisvoice,soItookhimuponhisoffer.Whilewaiting,westartedtalkingandreally___8___itoff.Bythetimetheroadsideassistancemanturnedup,we’darrangedto___9___again.Twoyearson,wehavesharedthejoysandsorrowsoflifetogether.IwishIcouldthankthecarelessdriverwhoforcedmeofftheroad.Ifhewasabetterdriver,I’dneverhavemetalifelong____10____.1.A.power B.effort C.care D.speed2.A.avoid B.practice C.risk D.delay3.A.guilty B.ashamed C.anxious D.curious4.A.phoned B.recommended C.blamed D.examined5.A.startedup B.brokedown C.droveoff D.pulledup6A.space B.help C.care D.information7.A.kindly B.carefully C.eagerly D.rudely8.A.took B.shook C.knocked D.hit9.A.travel B.play C.meet D.wait10.A.interest B.friendship C.dream D.habit第二节选词填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)阅读下面句子，根据句意，从方框中选择恰当的词或词组并用其正确形式填空。beconsistentwithmotivateurgentreputationapplyoneselftobeenthusiasticaboutapprovalsetouttakeupinteractwith11.Itwasreally______toseesomeonedoingsomerealefforttosavetheforestsandtrees.12.Themost______thinginafireistomakesureeveryoneisoutofthebuilding.13.Ifyouwouldjust______yourschoolwork,youwouldgetmuchbettergrades.14.Shewasagoodlawyerwitha______forhonestyandcarefulwork.15.Youcanbelievewhatthewitnesssaid.Herversionofevents______theevidence.16.Itisjustthreemonthssincewereceivedofficial______togoaheadwiththeproject.17.She______withtheaimofbecomingtheyoungesteverwinnerofthechampionship.18.Althoughwehavebeentakingclassesonline,wecan______ourteacheroverthephones.19.IknowhowbusyyoumustbeandnaturallyIwouldn’twantto______toomuchofyourtime.20.Ifyou______something,youshowhowmuchyoulikeitbythewaythatyoubehaveandtalk.第三节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)阅读下面句子，根据句子内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。21.Shesaidshedidn’tcareaboutit,butIbelieveshewas_________(secret)delighted.(所给词的适当形式填空)22.AshewatchedtheTVplay,hesuddenlyrealizedthathe_________(see)itbefore.(所给词的适当形式填空)23.Shirleyhasa17-year-olddaughter,_________ambitionistobeaphotographer.(用适当的词填空)24.Pleasedon’tcomeatfourthisafternoon.I_________(have)ameetingthen.(所给词的适当形式填空)25.Readingagoodbookislike________(talk)withanadmirableperson.(用适当的词填空)26.Stevenshowedmeroundthetown,_________wasverykindofhim.(所给词的适当形式填空)27.Theheavysnow________(fall)forthreedays.Thefieldswereallwhite.(所给词的适当形式填空)28.Wehavegoteverything_________(prepare)fortheNewYear’spartytomorrow.(所给词的适当形式填空)29.John________(work)hereforovertwentyyearsandheisretiringnextmonth.(所给词的适当形式填空)30.China,_________TracyhadtaughtEnglishforseveralyears,impressedherthemost.(用适当的词填空)第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AIfyouwouldliketoshareyourknowledgeaboutlifeatMonashandmakeapositiveimpactonothers,becominganeducationpeermentor(导师)istheperfectchoiceforyou.WhatarethebenefitsofEducationPeerMentoring?Receivepriorityaccesstoprofessionaldevelopmentopportunities.Joinourcommunityofhigh-achievingMonashstudents.Developyourleadership,communicationandteamworkskills.MeetandnetworkwithseniorMonashstaffandlike-mindedstudentleaders.RecordthisexperienceonyourAustralianHigherEducationGraduateStatement.Gainrichexperienceforyourresume(简历).Whocanapply?YouhaveadesiretohelpnewstudentsgetstartedandsucceedatMonash.Youarewillingtotalkaboutyourownuniversityexperience.Youshouldhavestronginterpersonalandcommunicationskills.YouhavetheabilitytoworkwithavarietyofpeoplefromdifferentbackgroundsWhataretherequirements?YoumustbeastudentatanAustraliancampusforpart-timeorfull-timelearning.Youmustbeatleastinyoursecondyearofstudyorabove.Youshouldbeabletocommittosupportingupto20freshstudentsthroughpersonalinteractions.Youshouldbeabletocommitatleast20hoursvolunteeringthroughouttheprograminonesemester.Howtoapply?Asanewpeermentor,sendawrittenapplicationthroughthenewmentorapplicationbutton.Asacurrentpeermentorapplyingforthispositionagain,sendawrittenapplicationthroughthereturningmentorapplicationbutton.Onceyou’veapplied,we’llbeintouchtoletyouknowtheoutcomeofyourapplication.ImportantDatesMentorapplicationsopen9January2023Mentorapplicationsclose10February2023ProgramstartsApril202331.WhatdoapplicantsgainfromEducationPeerMentoring?A.Theycangainrichlifeexperience.B.Theycanhavepriorityaccesstovariedjobs.C.Theycanbecomeseniorcommunityteamleaders.D.Theycannetworkwithotherlike-mindedstudentleaders,32.Accordingtothispassage,applicantsarerequiredto.A.beintheirfirstyearofstudyoraboveB.haveadesiretocommunicateandhelpotherstudentsC.finishupto20hoursvolunteeringthroughouttheprogramD.shareuniversityexperiencewithpeoplefromthesamebackground33.Whatshouldapplicantsdotogettheposition?A.ContacttheschoolforapplicationresultsB.Sendwrittenapplicationsafterprogramstarts.C.Preparewrittenapplicationstoapplyfortheprogram.D.Handinapplicationsonlythroughthenewmentorapplicationbutton.BTheshiftfromadolescence(青春期)toadulthoodcanbehardandoftenfilledwithhardshipandlessonslearned,especiallyforyoungpeopleexperiencinghomelessness.Frankie,ayoungwomanwhofeelsluckytohavehadthecaringsupportfromherdadFrankie’sdadraisedher,andtheywereveryclose.Whenhesuddenlypassedawaytwoyearsago,Frankiedidn’tknowhowshewouldsurvive.Withnofamilyorrelativestotakeherin,shefellintoadepression.Shebouncedfromhometohome,losingtrustshe’devergainstability.OneFridayafternoon,Frankiesatataparkbenchoutsideofschool.Asshewasworryingaboutwhereshewasgoingtolive,shesuddenlyrememberedsomethingherdadwouldtellherwhenshewaslittle.“Don’tevergiveup,”saidFrankie.“Ifdadwerehere,hewouldtellmethat.”ThosewordsencouragedhertoseekhelpfromNoel,aYouthCarecasemanager,whohelpedherfindaccommodationatCatalyst,oneofYouthCare’scommunitylivingprograms,YouthCareprovidedapathbacktostability.Frankiewasthankfultohavearoutine:dishwashingsafterdinner,weeklygamenights,andcheck-inswithamentalhealthdoctoreveryThursday.AtCatalyst,Frankiereceivedconsistentsupportandfoundadditionalresourcesforhermentalhealthcare.OutsideofherThursdayappointments,sheparticipatedinweeklyhomeworkassignmentsfocusedonwell-beingandgoal-settingforthefuture.NoelshowedgreatsurpriseatFrankie’spositivechangeswitheachpassingday.SheearnedherGED,anditwasn’tlongbeforeshebegansearchingforherfirstjob.WiththehelpofNoel,Frankieappliedforahandfulofpositionsinhealthorfitness.Frankiejumpedwithexcitementwhenshereceivedaninterviewcallforafrontdeskpositionatalocalgym!Dressedingreen,herdad’sfavoritecolor,Frankieenteredherinterviewwithconfidence.NoelsmiledveryhappilywhenFrankiereceivedasecondcalllaterthatdaywithnewsthatshegotthejob.ToomanyyoungpeoplecometoYouthCarewiththeirownstory.Eachofthemdeservesapathbacktostabilityastablehome,consistentsupport,andaccesstotreatmentservicesnecessarytobecomewell.LikeFrankie,theycanimaginenewpossibilitiesandchangethecourseoftheirownstorythroughencouragementandtreatment.34.WhatwasthemaincauseforFrankie’sdepression?A.Herdesiretogetajob. B.Herfearofhomelessness.C.Herlessonsofadolescence. D.Herinabilitytodealwithrelatives.35.HowdidYouthCareinfluenceFrankie?A.Sherealizedthevalueoffamilyaffection.B.Shehadastablelifetoachieveherpotential.C.Shelearnedtheimportanceofinterviewconfidence.D.Shebuiltuphercouragetobeamentalhealthdoctor.36.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Frankie’sJobHuntinginFitnessB.TheFriendshipbetweenFrankieandNoelC.FindingtheSupportNeededtoMoveForwardD.LookingforReliableRelativestotheHomelessCDogsgreetotherdogs’nosesfirst,sniffing(嗅)eachotherfromheadtotail.Peoplearenotsoopenabouttheprocessofsniffing,butsmellisimportantinhumanrelations,too.Thereisalsoevidencethathumanscaninferrelationshipandemotionalstatesandevendiscoverdiseasethroughsmell.Now,InbalRavreby,KobiSnitzandNoamSobeloftheWeizmannInstituteofSciencehavegoneastepfurther.AstheyreportinScienceAdvances,thethreeresearchersstartedtheirfirstexperimentbytestingthesmellsof20pairsoffamiliarandsame-sexfriends.Theyemployedanelectronicnose(e-nose)andtwogroupsofhuman“smellers”.Thee-noseusedasetofgassensorstoassessT-shirtswornbyparticipants.Onegroupofhumansmellersweregivenpairsoftheseshirtsandaskedtoratehowsimilartheysmelt.ThoseintheothergroupwereaskedtoratethesmellsofindividualT-shirtsonfivedimensions(维度):pleasantness,intensity,attractiveness,competenceandwarmth.Bothapproachesproducedthesameresult.TheT-shirtsoffriendssmeltmoresimilartoeachotherthandidtheT-shirtsofstrangers.Doesfriendshipcausesimilarityofsmell,ordoessimilarityofsmellcausefriendship?Thethreeresearchersinvestigatedwhethertherewerepositiveinteractionsbetweenstrangersbyusingthee-nosemeasurement.Theycollectedthesmellsofanother17volunteerswithe-nose,andthenaskedtheparticipantstoplayamirroringgame.Thatgameinvolvedsilentlymirroringanotherindividual’shandmovements,Participantswerepairedupbychanceandtheirreactionswererecorded.Aftereachinteraction,theydemonstratedhowclosetheyfelttotheirfellowgamerbyoverlappingtwocircles(onerepresentingthemselves,theothertheirpartner).Themoresimilarthetwoelectronicsmellsignatureswere,thegreatertheoverlap.Participantsalsoratedthequalityoftheirinteractioninthegamealong12dimensionsoffeelingsthatdefinefriendship,Similarsmellswereconsistentwithpositiveratingsfornineofthesedimensions.However,twoparticipantssmellingalikedidnotmeantheywereanymoreaccurateatthemirroringgamethanothers.Whysmellmightplayaroleinformingfriendshipsremainsobscure.Otherqualitiesrelatedtobeingfriends,includingage,appearance,andeducation,areeitherimmediatelyobviousorrapidlybecomeso.Butwhilesomeindividualshavestrongbodysmell,manydonot.Itispresent.Butitissubliminal(潜意识的).DrRavrebyguessesthattheremaybe“anevolutionaryadvantageinhavingfriendsthataregeneticallysimilartous”.Bodysmellisknowntobelinkedwithgeneticmake-up.Smellingsimilartoothersmaythusallowsubliminalinferencesaboutgeneticsimilaritytobedrawn.37.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstexperiment?A.Friendssmelllikeoneanother.B.Friendstendtosniffeachother.CThesmellcanbejudgedonfivedimensions.D.TheT-shirtsoffriendssmellthesametoeachother.38.Themirroringgameisdesignedto.A.enrichthedimensionsthatdefinefriendshipB.provestrangerssmellmorealikeafterpositiveinteractionsC.testwhetherstrangerscandevelopfriendshipintheprocessD.exploretherelationshipbetweensimilarityofsmellandfriendship39.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“obscure”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Unacceptable. B.Unchanged. C.Unclear. D.Unrealistic.40.Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?A.Bodysmellshaveeffectsongeneticmake-upB.Peoplewhohavesimilarsmellsmayhavesimilargenes.C.Bodysmellsbecomesimilarafterpeoplebecomingfriends.D.Twoparticipantssmellingalikeperformedbetterinthegamethanothers.DIhaveafriendwhobirdwatches.Shefeelscomfortablewhenevershe’sdoingit.Ifyouaskherwhyshelikesit,shewillsaythingslike“Well,birdsaretheworld’smostmagicalcreatures.”Ihaveanotherfriendwhoknits.Shelikesitbecauseit’ssatisfying,andhasanastonishinglyimpressiveimpactonpeopleforwhombeingabletoknitglovesisoutofreach.Asaterm,“hobby”hasalwaysbeenofarguablemeaning.Asksomeonewhattheythinkahobbyis,andyou’llgetadictionarydefinitionthattheywillhavejustlookedupontheirphonesand,then,apassionatespeechonalloftheactivitiesthatcanundernocircumstancesbeputintogroupsashobbiesbytheirownhighlyuniqueandinflexiblestandards.Beingonlineisnotahobby,apparently,norislisteningtomusic.Hardlyanyoneknowswhatahobbyis,andthisisparticularlythecasenowthatsomanyofusarespendingourleisuretimeonlinearguingaboutthesesortsofbasicdefinitionswithpeople,asthewriterMaxReadputitinanessay,“towhomtheworldhasbeencreatedagaineverymorning,forwhomeverysettledargumentofmodernitymustberewritten,butthistimewiththeirengagement.”Eventakingthesedifficultiesintoaccount,however,itseemsobviousthatbirdwatchingandknittingareclassichobbies.Theyareenjoyable,involvepracticeandrewardeffort,andtheyaregivenimmediateaccesstoagroupwiththesameinterests.Theyarethesortsofhobbiesadvicecolumnists(专栏作家)haveinmindwhenpeoplewriteinabouttheirimbalancedlives.It’sinteresting,then,thatnotoneofmytwoclearlyhobby-havingfriendswouldadmittothepractice.Theyworriedthattheirhobbies,whichgivethempleasureandkeepthemfarfromtheircomputers,madethemseemliketheyhadtoomuchleisuretimeandtooLewinnerresourcesthatwouldenablethemtonaturallyavoidboredom.Theyarefullypaid-upmembersofsociety,withbusylives,fulfillinginterpersonalrelationshipsand,again,hobbiesthatmakethemhappy.It’sjustthathobbieshaveanundeservedlybadreputation,onemadeworsebytheInternet,likeeverythingelse.Thebirdwatchersaidtheproblemwithhavingahobbywasthatitmadepeopleseemliketheywerecontributingandlearningnothing.Theknittersaidthatshepersonallyconnectedhobbieswithhavingnofriendsandnoideaofwhatnormalpeopledotohavefun,Actually,theydonotwanttobeseenasmadpeoplewhointentionallygetawayfromthecorrectcourse.Well,Ienjoycertainlightoperas.Iplaymusicformyownamusement.Andyes,Iamanordinarystudent,andthatisnotasignofmadness.41.TheauthormentionstwofriendswithdifferenthobbiesinParagraph1mainlyto.A.explainthedefinitionof“hobby”Battractthereaders’attentiontohobbiesC.stresstheimportanceofhavingahobbyD.comparetwodifferenttypesofhobbies42.WhatdoestheauthormeanbyquotingMaxReadinParagraph3?A.“Hobby”asatermcanonlybedefinedwithouttheInternet.B.Peopleonlinediscussthedefinitionof“hobby”tochangelives.C.Peoplecreateanewworldbyexpressingtheirideasofhobbiesonline.D.Itishardforonlinepeopletoreachanagreementonthedefinitionof“hobby”.43.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetwofriends’concernsabouttheirhobbies?A.Theyareafraidofbeingseenascrazypeople.B.Theyfeartheirhobbiesarenotimpressiveenough.C.Theyfinditnecessarytosharehobbiestobalancetheirlives.D.Theyrefusetosharetheirfeelingsabouttheirhobbieswithmadpeople.44.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinthelastparagraph?A.Hobbiesaregreatforpeople’smentalhealth.B.Differentpeoplehavetheirownstandardsofhobbies.C.Itisreasonableandnormalforpeopletohavehobbies.D.Peoplewhosufferfrommadnesscanalsohavehobbies.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Inprinciple,itsoundssimple:eatlessandmovemore.____45____Yet,despiteallthecaloriecounting,dietingandexercising,worldwideobesity(肥胖)ratesjustkeepspeedingup.PeopleintheUSwereheavierin2021thantheywerein2020,placingmanymorepeopleatriskfromseriousdiseases.Sowhyhasn’tthisapproachtoweightcontrolworked?Onepossibilityisthatwehaven’ttriedhardenough.____46____Orperhapstheproblemisthefocuson“caloriebalance”itself.Inarecentpaper,mycolleaguesandIquestionthebasicassumptionofwhethertakinginmorecaloriesthanyouburnreallyisthechiefcauseofobesity.Wearguethattheevidenceactuallypointstheotherway:wearedriventoovereatbecausewearegettingfatter.____47____Astheirgrowthratespeedsup,teenagersmayeathundredsofcaloriesmoreeachdaythantheyusedto.Doesthis“overeating”causetherapidgrowth?Ordoestherapidgrowth,whichrequiresmorecaloriestobuildnewbodytissues,maketeenagershungriersotheyeatmore?Clearlythelatter,asadultswon’tgrowtaller,nomatterhowmuchtheyeat.Thekeytohowthisworksinobesityishormones(激素),especiallythefat-storagehormone.Processed,rapidlydigestiblehigh-carbonfoodslikepotatochipsandsugarydrinksraiseourhormoneleveltoohigh.____48____Afewhoursaftereatingahigh-carbonmeal,thenumberofcaloriesinthebloodstreamfallsrapidly,sowegethungriersooneraftereating.Therefore,inordertopreventandtreatweightproblems,theemphasisshouldbeplacedonwhattoeatinsteadofhowmuchweeat.Replacingprocessedhigh-carbonfoodswithhigh-fatfoods-suchasnuts-lowersthehormoneobtainablefortherestofthebody.____49____Althoughmuchmoreresearchwillbeneededtotestthisidea,itistimetoquestionthebasicassumptionsaboutcauseandeffect,caloriesandweightgainthathavedominatedourthinkingfordecades.AWeightcontrolbecomesabattlebetweendietingandexercising.B.Thismayseemincrediblebutconsidertherapidgrowthofteenagers.C.Thedietaryadvicefordealingwithobesityhasbeenaroundfordecades.D.Wehavelackedwillpowertomaintainhealthydietaryandexercisehabits.E.Alow-caloriedietfurtherrestrictsanalreadylimitedsupplyofenergytothebody.F.Thiscausesourfatcellstostoretoomanycalories,leavingfewerfortherestofthebody.G.Infact,high-fatfoodsmayhelpdecreasebodyfat,apossibilitysupportedbymedicalpractices.第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题;第50、51题各2分，第52题3分，第53题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。SleepinDifferentCulturesItisapparentthattherearesignificantdifferencesinsleeppatternsindifferentpartsoftheworld,andthatsleeppatternshavealsochangedovertime.Traditions,culturalvalues,localconditionsandenvironmentsallinfluencesleeppatterns.Onemajorsourceofthesedifferencesisthewidespreaduseofartificial(人造的)light,whichhasledtochangesinthesleeppatternsintheindustrializedworld.Itisthoughtthattodaywesleepseveralhourslessthanbeforeindustrialization.Artificiallighthasencouragedpeopletogotobedlaterandtosleepthewholenightthrough(MonophasicSleep),ratherthanthemorebrokenupandflexiblesleeppatterns(BiphasicSleep).Duringthelongnightsofthewintermonths,ourancestorsusedtobreaksleepupintotwoormoreparts,separatedbyanhourortwoofquietrestfulness.Evenwithinthedevelopedworld,therearestillsignificantdifferencesinsleeppatterns.Astudycarriedoutintencountriesin2002showedsomeoftheseregionalvariations.Forins