山西省大同一中2020届高三下学期3月月考英语试题

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精PAGE1-版权所有@高考资源网学必求其心得，业必贵于专精2019—2020学年山西省大同一中高三（下）月考英语试卷（3月份）第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分60分)第一节（共15小题；每小题3分,满分45分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。LearningJavabyOnlineGathaPrice：$1。5Words:93，560Language:EnglishPublished：May21,2018ThisbookhasbeendesignedforstudentsaswellasteacherstohelpthemoutinlearningthefundamentalconceptsoftheJavaProgrammingLanguage.Itusesabottom—upapproachinexplainingvarioustopics--thatis，itexplainsbasicsyntax（句法）andgraduallymovestowardsthecomplexproblems.IceAgebyJohnGribbin＆MaryGribbinPrice:＄3。99Words：26,790Language:EnglishPublished:December15,2014JohnandMaryGribbintelltheremarkablestoryofhowwecametounderstandthephenomenonofIceAges.HowfrequentlydoIceAgesoccur？Howdoastronomicalrhythms（节律）affecttheEarth'sclimate？Havetherealwaysbeentwopolaricecaps?Whatdoesthefuturehold？ThePoolBiblebyKenWalkerPrice:＄14.95Words：77，400Language：EnglishPublished:March21,2013Maintainyourownpool—andsavepotsofmoney！Aplain-languageguidetocareandmaintenanceofswimmingpoolsbyanexpertinthefield.ThesecretsofwaterbalanceandpHarelaidbareforthebackyardpool-owner！ThePoolBibleisfulloftips,tricks&advice。Save10％ofthecoverpriceinthefirst12monthsorYOURMONEYBACK。(PS-No—onehasaskedforarefundyet。)TheOblivionStonebyAlexandraMoodyPrice:$3.99Words:85,430Language:EnglishPublished:February12,2018AbattlebetweenthehumansandtheUnfaihappearsonthehorizon,andSloaneandRhynmusttakemeasurestostoptheviolencethatthreatenstodestroyeveryonetheylove。Cantheyfindthesolutionintime？GetyourcopyofthethirdbookinTheLiftsalGuardiansseriesnow！1.What’sthethemeofthebookbyOnlineGatha?A.Computerscience B。SchoollifeC.Climatechange D.ATVprogram2.WhatdoesthebookThepoolBiblepromiseitsreaders?A.Quickdelivery B.AfreepresentC.Thechanceofarefund D.Betterafter-salesservice3。Whichbookispublishedaspartofaseries？A.IceAge B.ThePoolBibleC.LearningJava D.TheOblivionStone【答案】1.A2.C3.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇广告布告类阅读.文章主要介绍了几本书的价格以及售价。【1题详解】推理判断题.答案定位在LearningJavabyOnlineGatha部分ThisbookhasbeendesignedforstudentsaswellasteacherstohelpthemoutinlearningthefundamentalconceptsoftheJavaProgrammingLanguage。（本书是为学生和教师设计的，旨在帮助他们学习Java编程语言的基本概念。）由此可知OnlineGatha写的书的主题是计算机科学,故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。答案定位在ThePoolBiblebyKenWalker部分Save10％ofthecoverpriceinthefirst12monthsorYOURMONEYBACK。（PS—No-onehasaskedforarefundyet.)可知ThepoolBible承诺他的读者退款的机会,故选C。【3题详解】推理判断题。答案定位在TheOblivionStonebyAlexandraMoody部分GetyourcopyofthethirdbookinTheLiftsalGuardiansseriesnow！（现在就拿起你的《生活守护者》系列第三本书吧!）由此推断出TheOblivionStone是作为一个系列的一部分出版的,故选D。【点睛】推理判断题要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的隐含意义和深层意义.推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时,同学们应严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气等，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。小题3，答案定位在TheOblivionStonebyAlexandraMoody部分GetyourcopyofthethirdbookinTheLiftsalGuardiansseriesnow！(现在就拿起你的《生活守护者》系列第三本书吧!）由此推断出TheOblivionStone是作为一个系列的一部分出版的，故选D.Déjàvu，thestrangefeelingofhavingbeentothisveryplaceordonethisverythingbeforewhenyouknowyouhaven’t,happenstomostpeopleatsomepointintheirlivesTheexpressioncomesfromtheFrench，meaning"alreadyseen”。MyfriendShannonknewthatshewasgoingtomarryherhusbandthedaytheymet。Shehaddatedalotofmenfollowingherdivorce,butnoneofthemfeltright。Then,shemetBob。Therewassomethingaboutthewayhesmiled，hisvoiceandtheshapeofhishands,thatmadeherthinkthattheyhadknowneachotherbefore。Aftertalkingitwasclearthattheirpathshadnevercrossed,butaftertheirfirstlunchdate，theybecameinseparable。WhatShannonandBobimmediatelyfeltforeachotherwasmorethanjustphysicalchemistry。Itwasanaturalunderstandingandadepthofclosenessthatusuallyarisesaftercouplesaretogetherformanyyears.Theyweremarriedtwomonthsaftertheymetandhavebeentogethernowfortenyears。I'moftenaskedhowtotellthedifferencebetweenafeelingofdéjàvuwhenwefirstmeetsomeoneandallattractionstemmingfromanaddictiveobsession（痴迷）。Thereisastrongtendencyamongaddictstotryto”fix"themselveswithlove，rushingprematurelyintorelationshipsinspiredonlybystrongphysicalattraction.Theyoftenhavenothingtodowithdéjàvu，butstemratherfromabasicemptinessthatlongstobefilled。Thereisnotruebondbetweenthepeopleinvolved，theyhardlyknoweachother，andthesepartnershipattemptsfailmiserablywhenthepinkglowofnewnesswearsoff.However，mostlydéjàvuexperiencesconveyaqualitythatisquietandsolid.Thepossibilityofhavingadéjàvuisexistinginpartnershipsofallkinds，particularlythemoreintimateones.Itcanoccurinbusiness，friendshipsandfamily，oftenleadingtooutcomesthatcanimpactthedirectionofourlife.Déjàvuscantakeplaceanywhere，atanytimeandwithanyone.Don’tletthesepossibilitiespassyouby。Summoningthecouragetotakeachanceandact，tohavefaithinwhatisnotyetvisible，willmaketheexperienceyourown.4。Whatisdéjàvu?A。Thefalsebeliefthatonehasexperiencedsomethingbefore.B.Thefactthatoneisoftencheatedbyhisbelief。C.Thewrongideathatcouplesshareeverythinginlife。D。Thefeelingthatonefallsinloveatfirstsight。5.Whydoestheauthormentionhisfriend'slovestoryinParagraph2？A。Tointroducethetopic。B.Toentertainthereaders。C.Tosupporttheexplanation.D.Toanalyzecouplerelationship。6。Inwhatwayisdéjàvudifferentfromphysicalattraction?A。Itoccursallthetime.B.It’sstableandlastslong。C。Itinvolvesapreviousexperience.D。Itappearsonlybetweencouples.7.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestdoingwhendéjàvutakesplace?A.Practicingbeforeacting.B.Calmingdownandlettingitgo.C。Regardingitasnothingbutimagination.D。Seizingtheopportunityandtakingactions。【答案】4。A5。C6.A7.D【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。通过实例作者向我们讲述了“似曾相识"(Déjàvu）的感觉，最后建议我们在当这种“似曾相识”（Déjàvu)的感觉出现时,我们要抓住机会，采取行动,这样就能使“似曾相识”成为事实。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段第一句：Déjàvu,thestrangefeelingofhavingbeentothisveryplaceordonethisverythingbeforewhenyouknowyouhaven’t，happenstomostpeopleatsomepointintheirlives.似曾相识，这是一种奇怪的感觉，感觉自己来到过这个地方或做过这样的事情，但你知道你没有，这种感觉发生在大多数人的生命中。可知，这是一种以为自己之前经历过什么的错误的感觉，选项A符合题意。故选A项。【5题详解】推理判断题.结合第二段第四、五句Therewassomethingaboutthewayhesmiled，hisvoiceandtheshapeofhishands，thatmadeherthinkthattheyhadknowneachotherbefore。Aftertalkingitwasclearthattheirpathshadnevercrossed，butaftertheirfirstlunchdate,theybecameinseparable。他笑的样子，他的声音和手的形状，让她觉得他们以前就认识。谈过之后，很明显他们从未有过交集，但在他们第一次午餐约会后，他们变得形影不离。第二段最后一句Theyweremarriedtwomonthsaftertheymetandhavebeentogethernowfortenyears.他们相遇两个月后就结婚了，现在已经在一起十年了。可知，这种“似曾相识"的感觉成就了朋友自己的婚姻，所以,作者是想通过这个实例来证明“似曾相识".选项C符合题意。故选C项。【6题详解】细节理解题。结合文章第四段Theyoftenhavenothingtodowithdéjàvu，butstemratherfromabasicemptinessthatlongstobefilled。Thereisnotruebondbetweenthepeopleinvolved,theyhardlyknoweachother,andthesepartnershipattemptsfailmiserablywhenthepinkglowofnewnesswearsoff。However,mostlydéjàvuexperiencesconveyaqualitythatisquietandsolid.Thepossibilityofhavingadéjàvuisexistinginpartnershipsofallkinds，particularlythemoreintimateones.Itcanoccurinbusiness，friendshipsandfamily，oftenleadingtooutcomesthatcanimpactthedirectionofourlife.它们(physicalattraction）通常与幻觉记忆无关，而是源于一种渴望被填补的基本空虚.相关的人之间没有真正的联系，他们几乎不了解对方，当新鲜感的粉红色光芒消失时，这些合作的尝试就悲惨地失败了。然而，大多数时候,似曾相识的经历传达了一种安静而坚实的品质。似曾相识的可能性存在于各种关系中，尤其是那些更亲密的关系。它可能发生在商业、友谊和家庭中，通常会导致影响我们生活方向的结果。可知身体吸引力（physicalattraction)是源于一种渴望被填补的基本空虚，而déjà似曾相识的可能性存在于各种关系中，尤其是那些更亲密的关系。选项A符合题意.故选A项。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段Déjàvuscantakeplaceanywhere，atanytimeandwithanyone。Don’tletthesepossibilitiespassyouby。Summoningthecouragetotakeachanceandact，tohavefaithinwhatisnotyetvisible,willmaketheexperienceyourown。似曾相识（Déjàvus）可以在任何地点,任何时间和任何人发生。不要错过这些机会。鼓起勇气去抓住机会，去行动，去相信那些还看不见的东西,会让你的经历成为你自己的。可以得出，当这种“似曾相识”的感觉出现时，我们要的就是采取行动,去实现它.选项D符合题意.故选D项.Tolearntothinkistolearntoquestion。Thosewhodon'tquestionnevertrulythinkforthemselves。Thesearesimplerulesthathavegovernedtheadvancementofscienceandhumanthoughtsincethebeginningoftime.Advancementsaremadewhenthinkersquestiontheoriesandintroducenewones。Unfortunately，itisoftenthegreatandrespectedthinkerswhoendupslowingtheprogressofhumanthought。Aristotlewasabrilliantphilosopherwhosetheoriesexplainedmuchofthenaturalworld,oftenincorrectly.Hewassoesteemedbythescientificcommunitythateven1，200yearsafterhisdeath,scientistswerestilltryingtobuilduponhismistakesratherthancorrectthem!Brilliantmindscanintimidateup﹣and﹣comingthinkerswhoarenotconfidentoftheirabilities.TheyoftenbelievetheyareinferiortothemindsofgiantssuchasAristotle，leadingmanytoacceptcurrentparadigmsinsteadofquestioningthem.I，likemanythinkersofthepast，oncebelievedinmymentalinferiority。Iwascertainthatmyparents，myteachers﹣adultsingeneral﹣werealwaysright.Theywerelikeatextbooktome；Ididn’tquestionwhatwaswrittenonthosepages。Irespectedthem,andacceptedwhatevertheytoldme.Butthatattitudesoonchanged。Mymind’sindependencewasfirststimulatedintheclassroom。Astern,65﹣year﹣oldelementary﹣schoolscienceteacheroncetoldmethatlightisatypeofwave.Iconfidentlywentthroughyearsofschoolbelievingthatlightisawave。Oneday,however,IheardtheGermanexchangestudentmentionthatlightcouldbemadeupofparticles.Astheotherslaughedathisstatement,Istartedtoquestionmybeliefs.Maybetheteachersandtextbookshadn’tgivenmethewholestory。Iwenttothelibrary，didsomeresearchandlearnedofthelight﹣as﹣a﹣waveversuslight﹣as﹣a﹣particledebate.IreadaboutEinstein’sdiscoveryofthedualnatureoflightandlearnedthefactsofaparadox（悖论）thatpuzzlestheworld'sgreatestthinkerstothisday.Lightbehavesasbothaparticleandawave，itisbothatonce。IrealizedIhadgonethroughlifeacceptingonlyhalfofthestoryasthewholetruth.Eachnewyearbroughtmorenewfacts,andIformulatedevenmorequestions.Ifoundmyselfinthelibraryafterschool,tryingtofindmyownanswerstogainamorecompleteunderstandingofwhatIthoughtIalreadyknew。Idiscoveredthatmyparentsandteachersareincredibletoolsinmyquestforknowledge,buttheyareneverthefinalword.Eventextbookscanbechallenged。Ilearnedtoquestionmysources,Ilearnedtobeathinker。IoncebelievedthateverythingIlearnedathomeandatschoolwascertain,butIhavenowdiscoveredtore﹣examinewhennecessary。Questionsaresaidtobethepathtoknowledgeandtruth，andIplantocontinuequestioning。Howmanythingsdoweknowforsuretodaythatwewillquestioninthefuture？Atthismoment，Iknowthatoursunwillburnforanotherfivebillionyears,andIknownothingcanescapethegravityofablackhole.Thisknowledge,however,maychangeinthenext20years﹣maybeeveninthenexttwo。Theonethingwecancontrolnowisouropennesstodiscovery.Questionsarethetoolsofopenminds，andopenmindsarethekeytointellectualadvancement。8.Inthefirstparagraph,Aristotleistakenasanexampletoshowthat。A。heisthegreatestandrespectedphilosopherofalltimeB。hugeinfluenceofgreatthinkersmayblockhumanthoughtC。advancementsaremadewhenthinkersquestiontheoriesD.greatthinkersoftenmakemistakesandthencorrectthem9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intimidate”inParagraph2mean？A.Frighten。B.Encourage。C.Strength。D.Persuade。10.Wecanconcludefromthelastparagraphthat。A.theauthorisnotquitesureabouthisfutureB.wehumanbeingsdon’tdaretopredictfutureC。theoryofblackholeswillchangeintwoyearsD.questioningisnecessarytopromoteadvancement11。Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout？A。Followingrules。B.Challengingyourself.C。Questioninggiants.D.Predictingfuture。【答案】8。B9。A10。D11。C【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲的是质疑权威的重要性。只有人们质疑以前的理论并提出新的理论时,我们的社会才可以取得进步。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Unfortunately,itisoftenthegreatandrespectedthinkerswhoendupslowingtheprogressofhumanthought。Aristotlewasabrilliantphilosopherwhosetheoriesexplainedmuchofthenaturalworld，oftenincorrectly.Hewassoesteemedbythescientificcommunitythateven1，200yearsafterhisdeath,scientistswerestilltryingtobuilduponhismistakesratherthancorrectthem！”可知,不幸的是，往往是那些伟大而受人尊敬的思想家们减慢了人类思想的进步。亚里士多德是一位杰出的哲学家，他的理论常常错误地解释了自然界的大部分内容。他被科学界如此的敬重，以至于他去世后的1200年里,科学家们仍在他的错误基础上进行着研究，而没有纠正他的错误！由此可知,第一段中提到亚里士多德的例子是为了表明这些人类的思想巨人从某种程度上阻碍了人类思想的进步.故选B项。【9题详解】词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“comingthinkerswhoarenotconfidentoftheirabilities.TheyoftenbelievetheyareinferiortothemindsofgiantssuchasAristotle，leadingmanytoacceptcurrentparadigmsinsteadofquestioningthem。”可知，那些对自己的能力不自信的思想家们通常认为自己的思想比亚里士多德要低级，导致许多人接受其现成的理论思想而不是质疑它们。即面对亚里士多德的权威，后来人会感到害怕。即划线词意为“害怕”。故选A项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据文章的最后一段中的“Questionsaresaidtobethepathtoknowledgeandtruth，andIplantocontinuequestioning。"可知,质疑是通往知识和真理的道路，即质疑是促进社会进步的必要条件.故选D项.【11题详解】主旨大意题。第一段Advancementsaremadewhenthinkersquestiontheoriesandintroducenewones.（当思想者质疑理论并引入新理论时，就取得了进步。）是全文的主题句，结合全文内容，可知本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲的是质疑权威的重要性。只有人们质疑以前的理论并提出新的理论时，我们的社会才可以取得进步。即文章主要谈论的是质疑思想巨人。故选C项.Atfirstglance,price—comparisonwebsitesareanexampleofcapitalismatitsbest。Butithascausedfiercecompetitiononpriceandevisceratedprofits。TowersWatson，aconsultancy,saidthat”unnecessary”pricecompetitionfollowingtheriseofcomparisonsitesinBritainhadcostinsurers￡1billionayear.Consumersshouldcelebratethat;thefirms’lossesaretheirgains.Butthereisacatch.Comparisonsitesintroduceanewlayerofcosts,includingtheirownadvertisingcampaigns。Intheory,competitioninthemarketforcomparisonsitesoughttokeepthosecostsdown。ButDavidRonayneofWarwickUniversityarguesthatconsumersoftenloseoutfromcomparisonsites.Theyearnacommissionforeachshopperwhousesthemforconsumptionsuchasbuyinginsurance.Thatreferral（委托）costisincludedinthepricetheconsumerendsuppaying。Iftheincreasedcostsoutweighthesavingthecomparisonenables,consumersendupworseoff.Theseworriesarenotjusttheoretical.In2014,Britain’scompetitionregulatorfoundthatmanycomparisonsiteswereusingtheircontractswithretailers(零售商）tobanthemfromofferinglowerpriceselsewhere.Thatweakenedrivals'incentive（对手的动机)tocutfees，becausepricesontheirsitecouldnotfall。Bykeepingpricessimilar，thecontractsalsoreducedtheincentiveforconsumerstosearchonmultiplesites,thushelpingsitesretaintheirusers.Weakerincentivestolowercommissionsmeanweakerincentivestolowercosts，too.Thatmightexplainwhycomparisonwebsitesadvertisesoheavily,andsometimesofferfreegiftstothosewhousethem.Inarecentpaper,BenEdelmanofHarvardBusinessSchoolandJulianWrightoftheNationalUniversityofSingaporearguethatwhenasiteknowsthatthepricesmerchantsprovidethroughitwillalwaysbethelowestavailable,itincreasesinvestmentinattractingcustomers,safeintheknowledgethatthemerchantsandatlastconsumerswillbearthecost。Isthereanywaytoensurethemarketforpricecomparisoniscompetitive？Askingconsumerstocheckmultiplewebsitesdefeatsthepointofusingthem。Onesolutionistohaveonlyonesite，butregulateitasapublicutility（功用）.Alternatively,thegovernmentscouldrunthesiteitself。Butcreatinggoodsearchandcomparisonsitesmaybetoohardforthem。Itismuchbettertoacknowledgethatconsumerswillalwayshavetodosomecomparisonthemselvesto"keepthesystemhonest”。Websitesthatcomparethecomparisonsitescanhelp，althoughitiseasytoseehowtheycouldfallpreytothesameproblems。Anyfirmwithcaptiveusers（被动用户)，beitacomparisonsiteasearchengine，orasocial—mediaplatform，canchargeahighpriceforaccesstotheeyesofitscustomers。Foralltheirinnovation,Internetmiddlemenarenotunlikesupermarkets。Shopperswouldneverimaginethatasinglestorehadthelowestpriceforalltheitemstheyneed.12.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs，price—comparisonwebsites______.A.willoffersmartconsumersthebestdealsB.willbringinsurancefirmsincreasedprofitsC。canhelpkeepthecostsofinsurancefirmsdownD.mayraisethepricethatconsumerspayfortheirpurchases13.Currentcomparisonsitestendtoputmostoftheireffortsin______。A。loweringcommissions B。contractingwithretailersC.attractingconsumers D。cuttingoperatingcosts14。Accordingtothelasttwoparagraphs，theauthorprobablyagreesthat______。A.it'sdesirabletohaveonlyonecomparisonsiteandhaveitrunbythegovernmentB。it'sadvisablethatcomparisonsiteswithcaptiveuserschargeahighpriceforitsserviceC。consumersshouldcheckmultiplecomparisonsitesbeforemakingapurchasingdecisionD.websitesthatcomparethecomparisonwebsitescanhelptobuildacompetitivemarket15.Thepassagemainlyconveystheideathatcomparisonsites______。A。createaneffectivechannelforsmartconsumersB.arecompetition’sfriendsandenemiesatthesametimeC。offerwin—windealsbetweenconsumersandretailersD.havecausedanewformofcompetitionamongretailers【答案】12。D13。C14。D15.B【解析】乍一看,比价网站就是资本主义的一个例子.比价网站本应帮助提供更优惠的价格选择。但是这些网站可能会抬高价格。在这些价格对比网站其实你花费更多。所以文章建议建立对比比价网进行比较的网站，这对规范市场是有帮助的。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段的TowersWatson,aconsultancy,saidthat"unnecessary”pricecompetitionfollowingtheriseofcomparisonsitesinBritainhadcostinsurers￡1billionayear.可知，消费者在比价网上消费会产生更高的费用.故选D。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段的itincreasesinvestmentinattractingcustomers可知，目前的比价网更趋向于全力吸引消费者.故选C。【14题详解】推理判断题.根据最后一段的Websitesthatcomparethecomparisonsitescanhelp，althoughitiseasytoseehowtheycouldfallpreytothesameproblems。可知，建立对比价网进行比较的网站对规范有竞争力的市场是有帮助的。故选D。【15题详解】推理判断题.根据最后一段的Websitesthatcomparethecomparisonsitescanhelp，althoughitiseasytoseehowtheycouldfallpreytothesameproblems。Anyfirmwithcaptiveusers(被动用户),beitacomparisonsiteasearchengine,orasocial-mediaplatform，canchargeahighpriceforaccesstotheeyesofitscustomers.可知，建议建立对比比价网进行比较的网站。所以比价网又是朋友又可能是敌人。故选B。第二节(共5小题；每小题3分,满分15分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项.Here’sanewreasontobeanoptimist。___16___Pessimists,ofcourse，mighthavesuspectedthisallalong-butnowthere’sactualresearchbehindit。Boston—areascientistsfoundthemostoptimisticpeopleliveanaverageof11to15percentlongerthantheirmorepessimisticpeers。Inpreviousstudies,researchershavefoundthatmoreoptimisticpeopletendtohavelowerriskofdiseasesandearlydeath，saidLewinaLee，theleadresearcherandapsychiatryprofessoratBostonUniversitySchoolofMedicine。“___17___“Optimistsgenerallyexpectgoodthingstohappeninthefutureandfeelliketheycancontrolimportantoutcomes.Theytendtostaypositivewhatevercomestheirway。___18___There’sgoodnews：Themind-setisabout25percenthereditary(遗传的)。Leesaid,meaningpeoplehavesomecontrolovertheirlevelofgoodthoughts.Shesaidpeoplecanbecomemoreoptimisticbyimaginingafutureinwhichtheirgoalshavebeenreached.Toconducttheirresearch。Leeandtheotherscientistscomparedresultsfromtwoindependentlyconductedstudies-onethatfollowednearly70,000womenforadecadeandanotherthatfollowedabout1,400menfor30years。___19___Theyrankedthemselvesonstatementsincludinginuncertaintimes，“Iusuallyexpectthebest”or“I'malwaysoptimisticaboutmyfuture。”Theconclusionthatoptimisticpeopletendtolivelongerholdstrueregardlessofotherfactors,Leesaid。Thestudyleavesonequestionunanswered：___20___Althoughit'sunclear,theresearchersbelieveoptimistsmaybebetteratregulatingstressorsandbouncing（反弹）backIfromupsettingevents。Optimistsalsogenerallyhavehealthierhabits,likeexercisingmoreandsmokingless.A.Notanaturaloptimist?B.Ourstudytookitonestepfurther。C.Whyareoptimistslikelytolivelonger?DWhydowomengenerallylivelongerthanmen？E。Anoptimistseestheopportunityineverydifficulty。F.Peopleself—reportedtheiroptimismonquestionnaires。G。Thosewhoseetheglassashalffull,accordingtoanewstudy，livelonger.【答案】16.G17。B18.A19.F20.C【解析】本文是一篇说明文.美国波士顿科学家的一项研究发现，比起悲观者来，乐观者更加长寿.【16题详解】根据上文Here’sanewreasontobeanoptimist。可知，这里有一个成为乐观主义者的新理由.由此可知，本句承接上文应当说明这个理由的内容.故G选项“根据一项新的研究，那些认为杯子是半满的人活得更久”符合上下文语境，故选G.【17题详解】根据上文Inpreviousstudies,researchershavefoundthatmoreoptimisticpeopletendtohavelowerriskofdiseasesandearlydeath,saidLewinaLee，theleadresearcherandapsychiatryprofessoratBostonUniversitySchoolofMedicine.可知，波士顿大学医学院精神病学教授、首席研究员LewinaLee说，在以前的研究中，研究人员发现，更乐观的人患病和早死的风险更低。由此可知，这项新的研究发现乐观者更加长寿,是比之前的研究更进了一步。故B选项“我们的研究更进一步”符合上下文语境，故选B。【18题详解】根据后文There’sgoodnews:Themind-setisabout25percenthereditary。Leesaid,meaningpeoplehavesomecontrolovertheirlevelofgoodthoughts.可知，好消息是：这种心态大约有25%是遗传的。Lee说，意思是人们可以控制自己的好想法。由此可知后文是在对“不是天生乐观者"的观点进行解释和说明。故A选项“不是天生的乐观主义者？"符合上下文语境,故选A.【19题详解】根据后文Theyrankedthemselvesonstatementsincludinginuncertaintimes，“Iusuallyexpectthebest”or“I’malwaysoptimisticaboutmyfuture。”可知，他们对自己评价包括在不确定的时期，“我通常期望最好的”或“我总是对我的未来很乐观”。由此可知,人们在这些问卷中自我报告了自己的乐观态度。故F选项“人们在问卷中自我报告他们的乐观态度”符合上下文语境,故选F。【20题详解】根据上文Thestudyleavesonequestionunanswered（这项研究留下了一个没有回答的问题)由此可知，本句应当是一个问句，结合后文Althoughit'sunclear，theresearchersbelieveoptimistsmaybebetteratregulatingstressorsandbouncingbackIfromupsettingevents.可知，尽管目前还不清楚，但研究人员认为，乐观主义者可能更善于调节压力，更善于从沮丧的事情中恢复过来.可推知,这个问题是“为什么乐观者更加长寿"。故C选项“为什么乐观者可能活得更久？”符合上下文语境,故选C.第二部分语言知识运用（共两节,满分55分)第一节完形填空（共20小题;每小题2分，满分40分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项.‘‘You'retoosmall,Ginny。You’llnevermakeanOlympicteam,"saidmyfirst—everrowing___21___,waybackinthelatewinterof1978。Ihadjustconfessed(承认）my___22___，whichwasadmittedlyoutsizedatthatpoint,tosomebodywhoseemotional___23___couldplayakeyrole。Maybemydreamwasn't___24___reality。Afterall,Ihadtriedoutforthenationalteamforthefirsttimethepreviousyearandbeencut,andIlackedthe___25___thatmostOlympicrowerspossess,nottomentionmuchexperienceasanathlete,but___26___，1wasshockedbymycoach’sresponse.1leftthegyminapanic.AsIwalked,Ibeganto___27___myfuture,makingroomformycoach'sopinion,pushingmydreamasideintoadarkcorner。Asmallinnervoicehadjoinedforceswiththecoach’s。“Maybehe’s___28___。”Butthen,anothervoice___29___.”Whatdoesheknow？Whydoeshegettodecide?"Mycoachdidn'thavefaith___30___mebutthatdidn'tnecessarilymeanIhadtogiveuponmyselfsoquickly。BythetimeIarrivedbackatmyapartment,1was___31___atmycoachandmydreamwasbackoncenterstage.___32___cameeasywhenitcametofulfillingthatdream.Butlwas___33___bymyloveofthebeautyofrowing.IwantedtorowamongthebestandIrefusedtostop___34___Iachievedmygoal。Imadethat1980team，___35___notgettingtocompeteattheOlympics.Ikept___36___fourmoreyears，andfinallywonsilveratthe1984Olympics。EverythingIhavetodayisa(n)___37___ofstickingwiththatdream，allthosehoursonthewater,intheweightroom,andinthestadium。Theygotmehere，___38___Iknownowthatbigambitionsneednotjusttimetodevelop，butfirm___39___inthem.AndIwillnotallowanyoneelseto___40___formewhat’spossible。21。A。athlete B。coach C。director D.fellow22。A.situation B.view C。idea D。dream23.A。state B.support C.judgment D。intelligence24。A.involvedin B。connectedwith C.devotedto D.basedon25。A.talent B.determination C.height D。effort26。A。even B。still C。never D.seldom27.A.design B.expect C.hide D。rethink28.A.right B。wrong C.modest D.cruel29。A.argued B.repeated C。agreed D。whispered30.A.at B.on C.in D。for31。A.shocked B。disappointed C.bored D。mad32。A。Nothing B。Everything C。Anything D.Something33.A。struck B。changed C.driven D.caught34.A。when B.until C.after D.since35.A.inspiteof B。intermsof C。incontrolof D。inplaceof36.A。training B。teaching C。defending D。exploring37.A.sense B。awareness C。award D。result38。A。which B。where C.when D。that39.A。interest B。hope C。belief D.pleasure40.A。pretend B.promise C.decide D.manage【答案】21.B22.D23.B24。D25。C26。B27.D28.A29.A30。C31.D32.A33.C34.B35.A36.A37。D38。B39.C40.C【解析】本文是记叙文。当“我”向我的教练坦承了“我”的梦想时,教练直接拒绝了我。但“我"并没有放弃自己的梦想,而是一直努力。“我”终于在奥运会上摘得了银牌，实现了自己的梦想。【21题详解】考查名词。句意：1978年冬末，我的第一位划船教练说.A。athlete运动员；B.coach教练；C。director主管；D.fellow同事。根据下文中Iwasshockedbymycoach'sresponse.与makingroomformycoach’sopinion以及Mycoachdidn'thavefaithinme可知,此处是教练说的话。故选B。【22题详解】考查名词。句意：我刚刚向一个在精神上支持我的人坦承了我的梦想，在那个时候，我承认我的梦想过于宏大了.A。situation情况;B.view意见；C。idea想法；D.dream梦想。下文多次提及“mydream”，以及后文makingroomformycoach’sopinion，pushingmydreamasideintoadarkcorner，为教练的意见腾出空间，把我的梦想推到一个黑暗的角落,可知“我”向教练坦承了自己的梦想，但没被看好。故选D。【23题详解】考查名词。句意：我刚刚向一个在精神上支持我的人坦承了我的梦想，在那个时候，我承认我的梦想过于宏大了。A。state情形；B。support支持；C。judgment判断；D.intelligence才智。根据空后的couldplayakeyrole,可知，对“我”来说，是教练给了“我”鼓励才使“我”说出了梦想，根据语境,此处应该是教练精神上的“支持”，故选B。【24题详解】考查固定短语。句意：也许我的梦想不是基于现实。A.involvedin涉及；B.connectedwith与…有关；C.devotedto专心于；D.basedon基于。根据下文中Ihadtriedoutforthenationalteamforthefirsttimethepreviousyearandbeencut，以及nottomentionmuchexperienceasanathlete,可知,“我”在前一年第一次参加了国家队的选拔，结果被淘汰了；“我”也没有作为一名运动员的丰富经验.所以“我”的梦想没有现实性,不是基于现实情况的。故选D。【25题详解】考查名词。句意：我没有大多数奥运赛艇运动员的身高,更不用说作为一名运动员的经验了.A。talent天资；B.determination决心；C.height身高；D.effort努力。这是其他大多数奥运赛艇运动员都拥有的；后面又说“更没有作为运动员的经验”.可知，此处应该说的是自身的外在条件。C项符合题意，故选C。【26题详解】考查副词。句意：但我仍然被教练的反应震惊了。A.even甚至；B.still仍然；C。never从不；D。seldom很少。“我"虽然知道自己的梦想不现实，自己也在选拔中被淘汰了，但“仍然”很震惊。下文也提到Ileftthegyminapanic，“我”惊慌失措地离开了健身房。故选B。【27题详解】考查动词。句意：当我走着的时候，我开始重新思考我的未来。A。design构思；B。expect期望；C.hide隐藏；D.rethink重新考虑。根据makingroomformycoach’sopinion,pushin