罗经国版《新编英国文学简史(上)》第五章课件

TheEnglishRenaissance

(1550—1642)1.Renaissance&EnglishRenaissance:anoverview2.ThecharacteristicsoftheEnglishRenaissance3.EnglishRenaissance:itsthreeperiods4.EdmundSpenser1)Life2)Majorworks3)Contribution8/8/20231PreparedbyTonySunTheEnglishRenaissance

(1550Renaissance&EnglishRenaissance:anoverviewRenaissancereferstotheperiodoftransitionfromtheMedievaltotheModernworld.Itwassparkedoffbyacombinationofhistoricalfactors,suchastherediscoveryofancientGreekandRomanclassics,thereligiousreformation,explorationsofgeographyandscienceandeconomicexpansion.ItfirststartedinItaly,withthefloweringofpainting,sculptureandliterature.ItdidnotarriveinEnglandtillthelastpartof15thCandtheearlyyearsof16thC.8/8/20232PreparedbyTonySunRenaissance&EnglishRenaissaRenaissanceisthetermgiventotherevivalofinterestintheGreekandLatinculturewhichbeganinItalyinthelate14thcenturyandgraduallyspreadthroughoutEurope.Itsinfluencewasnotconfinedtoliterature,musicandthefinearts,butaffectedthewholedevelopmentofcivilization.It’sadividinglinebetweentheMedievalAgesandtheModernAges.8/8/20233PreparedbyTonySunRenaissanceisthetermgivenRenaissanceisthetermgiventotherevivalofinterestintheGreekandLatinculturewhichbeganinItalyinthelate14thcenturyandgraduallyspreadthroughoutEurope.Itsinfluencewasnotconfinedtoliterature,musicandthefinearts,butaffectedthewholedevelopmentofcivilization.It’sadividinglinebetweentheMedievalAgesandtheModernAges.8/8/20234PreparedbyTonySunRenaissanceisthetermgivenHistoricalbackgroundThe16thCwasaperiodofbreakingupoffeudalrelationsandtheestablishingofthefoundationsofcapitalism.(Duality)(1)ThewarofRoses(LancasterFamily—YorkFamily)Influence:ThewarofRosesnotonlyweakenedthefeudalismbutactuallykilledoffmostofthefeudalnobilityinEnglandthatpreventedthecentralizationofpoliticalpower.HenryVIIandHenryVIIIlaidthefoundationsofmonarch.(2)EconomicdevelopmentA.Atabroad,QueenElizabethencouragedexplorationandtravelwhichstimulatedthecommercialexpansionThewarwithSpain:In1588,EnglishnavydestroyedtheSpanishfleet“Armada”.

8/8/20235PreparedbyTonySunHistoricalbackgroundThe16thB.Athome,therewasanintensificationofeconomicexploitationofthepeasants,includingthelarge-scaleenclosureofcommonlandwhichcausedviolentpeasantuprising.C.Thegreat16thCreligiousreformationKingHenryVIIIdeclaredthebreakingupwithRome,confiscatedthepropertyofchurchandproclaimedhimselfheadofchurchinEngland.Inthisway,thenewbourgeoisnobilitywasenriched.Thereformationwasinessenceapoliticalmovementofnewbourgeoisclassforpower.8/8/20236PreparedbyTonySunB.Athome,therewasanintenCulturalbackground(1)Humanismhumanismsuggestsanyattitude,whichtendstoexaltthehumanelementtoemphasizetheimportanceofhumaninterests,asopposedtothesupernaturalanddivineelements.(HumanismistheessenceofRenaissance)(2)Thedevelopmentoftheagegaveanewdirectiontoliterature.WilliamCaxtonfirstintroducedprintingintoEngland.Thenumberofproseandprintedbooksquicklyincreased.8/8/20237PreparedbyTonySunCulturalbackground(1)HumanismThecharacteristicsoftheEnglishRenaissanceIntheEnglishRenaissancePeriod,scholarswhocalledthemselveshumanistsbegantotakeinterestinthewelfareofhumanbeings.1.Theypraisedmanandhispursuitoffreedom,equalityandhappinessinthislifeinsteadofpraisingGodandreligioussuperstition.2.Byemphasizingthedignityofhumanbeingsandtheimportanceofthislife,theyvoicedtheirbeliefsthatmannotonlyhadtherighttoenjoythislifebutalsohadtheabilitytofightagainstdestinyitselfandmouldtheworldaccordingtohisownfreewill.8/8/20238PreparedbyTonySunThecharacteristicsoftheEngThecharacteristicsoftheEnglishRenaissance3.Thehumanistsattackedtheoldfeudalruleandecclesiasticaldomination,condemnedpoliticaloppressionandreligiouspersecution,andcriticizedthesocialevils.4.HumanismisthekeynoteoftheRenaissance.8/8/20239PreparedbyTonySunThecharacteristicsoftheEngEnglishRenaissanceLiterature:itsthreeperiodsPeriod1:1)timespan:thelastyearsofthe15thcentury—thefirstyearsofthe16thcentury2)characteristicsofliterature:imitationandassimilation3)chiefachievement: (1)WyattintroducedthePetrarchansonnetintoEngland; (2)Surreybroughtinblankverse; (3)“OxfordReformers”introducedclassicalliteraturetoEnglandandstrovetoreformeducationonahumanisticline.8/8/202310PreparedbyTonySunEnglishRenaissanceLiteratureEnglishRenaissanceLiterature:itsthreeperiodsPeriod1: 4)thegreatesthumanistoftheperiod: ThomasMore,theauthorofUtopia 5)outstandingliteraryoftheperiod: IntheearlystageoftheEnglishRenaissance,poetryandpoeticdramawerethemostoutstandingliteraryformsandtheywerecarriedonespeciallybyWilliamShakespeareandBenJohnson.8/8/202311PreparedbyTonySunEnglishRenaissanceLiteratureEnglishRenaissanceLiterature:itsthreeperiodsPeriod2: 1)timespan:roughlythesecondhalfofthe16thcentury 2)characteristics:theElizabethanAge,aperiodofthefloweringtimeofEnglishliterature. 3)distinctiveachievement:thedrama 4)excellentdramatists: (1)Marlowe:themosttalentedplaywrightofthe“UniversityWits” (2)Shakespeare:thegreatestplaywrightintheElizabethanAge. (3)Johnson:themostwell-knowsuccessortoShakespeare8/8/202312PreparedbyTonySunEnglishRenaissanceLiteratureEnglishRenaissanceLiterature:itsthreeperiodsPeriod3: 1)timespan:thefirstquarterofthe17thcenturyortheJacobeanperiod(JamesI’sreign1603—1625) 2)characteristics:theepiloguetheEnglishRenaissance 3)achievements: (1)playsbyShakespeareandBenJohnson (2)essaysbyFrancisBacon (3)theaccomplishmentofTheKingJamesBiblein16118/8/202313PreparedbyTonySunEnglishRenaissanceLiteratureEdmundSpenser(1)Lifeexperiences(1552–1599)

apoortailor’sfamilyMerchantTailor’sSchoolCambridgeIn1586,abigcastleIn1599,WestminsterAbbey8/8/202314PreparedbyTonySunEdmundSpenser(1)LifeexperienLiteraryWorks1.TheShepherd’sCalendar(1579)Apastoralpoem:peaceful,simple,pure,countrysidelife12partsoneforeachmonthoftheyear_intheversedialoguesinaruralsettingwithshepherdsandshepherdessesgivedifferentdescriptionsoftheEnglishcountrysideateachtimeoftheyearthemes:lovepoetryandreligionsetthepastoralfashioninEnglishliteraturelyricalpoetry8/8/202315PreparedbyTonySunLiteraryWorks1.TheShepherd’s2.TheFaerieQueeneA.Purpose:QueenElizabethThebookisto“fashionagentlemanornoblepersoninvirtuousandgentlediscipline”.B.Story12books-12adventuresEachknight—Holiness,Temperance,Chastity,Friendship,JusticeandCourtesyEnemies—Pride,DespairC.ThemeThedominatingthoughtsofthepoemarenationalism(asshowninitscelebrationofQueenElizabeth),Humanism(strongoppositiontoRomanCatholicism)andPuritanism(moralteachings),alltypicalthingsofthepoet’sage.ThenewideasareexpressedundertheguiseofMedievalknighthood.D.Form:TheSpenserianstanzaTheSpenserianstanzaisagroupofeightlinesof