第三版新视野读写2第6单元课件

2Unit6Lessismore?2Unit6Lessismore?1SituationOne:Yourfamilyplantotravelabroadthissummer,andyouaretheonewhomakesthefinaldecisiontopickOnlyOnecountrytovisit.Thereareafewcountriestochoose:U.S.A.,Canada,U.K,Grace,Iceland,Switzerland,France,Italy,Spain,Germany,Russia,Singapore,Australia,andNewZealand.Youshouldmakethedecisionwithinacoupleofminutesduethelimitedtime.SituationTwo:Ifyougotoseeadoctor,andhetellsyouaboutdifferenttreatments,like“ChoiceAisXXX,thebenefitsare…andtherisksare…;ChoiceBisXX,thebenefitsare…andtherisksare…;ChoiceCisXXX,thebenefitsare…andtherisksare…Doyouthinkyoucanmakethechoiceimmediatelythatyouwillneverregret?SituationOne:Yourfamilypla2Dr.BarrySchwartzDr.BarrySchwartz31.Asfaraschoicesinourdailylifeareconcerned,haveyoueverbeentroubledwithsuchdilemma:tokeepallortogiveupsome?Justasallpeoplehavetomakedecisionsintheireverydaylives,collegestudentsarealwaysfacedwiththedilemmaofmakingrightchoices.Facedwithanabundanceofoptionstochoosefrom,theycan’tbearthepaintoloseanyopportunityandhaveastrongdesiretokeepalltheoptionsopen.Theytrytoavoidsuchanemotionalloss,andwouldratherpaythehighcosttokeepallthedoorsofopportunityopen.1.Asfaraschoicesinourda46UNITSectionA

2ObjectivesTotalkaboutwhethermoreisbetterthanlessTofurtherunderstandthetextToapplythephrasesandpatternsTomasterthecause-effectwritingskillLessismore?Doorcloser,areyou?6UNITSectionA2ObjectivesTot5DanAriely,Americaneconomistandpsychologist,wroteabookin2008entitledPredictablyIrrational(可预见的非理性):TheHiddenForcesThatShapeOurDecisions.Inthebookhechallengesreaders’assumptionsaboutmakingdecisionsbasedonrationalthought.Heexplains,“Mygoal,istohelpyoufundamentallyrethinkwhatmakesyouandthepeoplearoundyoutick.”DanAriely?DanAriely,Americaneconomist6XiangYuwasaprominentmilitaryleaderandpoliticalfigureduringthelateQinDynasty.Inabout207BC,XiangYuledtheChurebelforcestovictoryattheBattleofJulu(巨鹿之战)againsttheQinarmies.ThebattlemarkedthedeclineofQin’smilitarypower.TheyfinallybeattheQinarmy.TheBattleofJuluwasofcrucialimportanceinoverthrowingtheQindynasty,andithasbeenknownasthebattleof“SmashingtheCauldronsandSinkingtheBoats”(破釜沉舟).XiangYu&BattleofJuluXiangYuwasaprominentmilit7IntroductiontoTransitionalparagraphBody:Dr.Ariely’sconclusionthebyDr.ArielyParas.1-3Paras.4Paras.5-9Paras.10-12Paras.13-14XiangYu’sstoryexperimentsuggestionsIntroductiontoTransitionalpa8PartIintroducesastoryofclosingdoorstoopenwindowsofopportunity

aboutXiangYu.PartI—(Paras.1-3)PartIintroducesastoryofc9rivaladj.[onlybeforenoun]aperson,company,orthingthatcompeteswithanotherinsport,business,etc.竞争的，对抗的n.

aperson,company,orthingthatcompeteswithanotherinsport,business,etc.竞争对手v.

tobeasgood,impressive,etc.assb/sthelse与…相匹敌；比得上

rivaladj.[onlybeforenoun]a10imperialadj.[onlybeforenoun]1.

connectedwithanempire帝国的；皇帝的2.connectedwiththesystemformeasuringlength,weightandvolumeusingpounds,inches,etc.（度量衡）英制的Collocations:imperialarmy帝国军队imperialpolicies帝国政策imperialpower皇权imperialadj.[onlybeforenoun11motivatev.

1.tomakesbwanttodosth,especiallysththatinvolveshardworkandeffort激励；激发;

驱使;推动…甘愿苦干；2.[oftenpassive]

tobethereasonwhysbdoessthorbehavesinaparticularway成为…的动机；是…的原因Whatmotivatedhertoleavehome?Heismotivatedentirelybyself-interest.motivatev.Whatmotivatedher12Translation这个计划旨在促使员工更加卓有成效地工作。Theplanis(designed)tomotivateemployeestoworkmoreefficiently.Translation这个计划旨在促使员工更加卓有成效地工作13convictionn.1.astrongopinionorbelief坚定的看法（或信念）2.thefeelingorappearanceofbelievingsthstronglyandofbeingsureaboutit深信；坚信；坚定；肯定convictionthat…3.

theactoffindingsbguiltyofacrimeincourt;thefactofhavingbeenfoundguilty判罪；定罪；证明有罪convictionforsthconvictionn.14She'sawomanofstrongconvictions.Shehadafirmconvictionthatshewasalwaysright.Shehassixpreviousconvictionsfortheft.She'sawomanofstrongconvic15validate

v.(formal)1.

toprovethatsthistrue证实；确认；确证2.tomakesthlegallyvalid使生效；使有法律效力3.tostateofficiallythatsthisusefulandofanacceptablestandard批准；确认…有效；认可Collocations:tovalidateatheory证实理论tovalidateacontract使合同生效validate

v.(formal)16conquestn.1.[sing.,

U]

theactoftakingcontrolofacountry,city,etc.byforce征服；占领2.[C]

anareaoflandtakenbyforce占领（或征服）的地区3.[C]

(usuallyhumorous)

apersonthatsbhaspersuadedtolovethemortohavesexwiththem（爱情方面）被俘虏的人

4.[U]

theactofgainingcontroloversththatisdifficultordangerous（对困难、危险等的）控制conquestn.17Collocations:theconquestofdisease战胜疾病theconquestofnature对自然的征服theconquestofspace对宇宙的征服Thestatementlaidbarehisambitionforworldconquest.Collocations:18Whenfacingchoicesofrivaloptions,thinkaboutwhatXiangYuwoulddo.XiangYuorderedhistroops'cookingpotscrushedandtheirsailingshipsburnedaftertakinghistroopsacrossarivertoraidtheenemy.

XiangYuexplainedthathisdecisionwasanecessitytoattainthevictory.Buthisunusualdecisionwouldbevalidatedonhisbattlefieldandinmodernsocialscienceresearch.IntroductiontoXiangYu’sstoryofclosingdoorstoopenwindowsofopportunity(Para.1)(Para.2)

(Para.3)Whenfacingchoicesofrivalo19PartIIservesasatransitionfromtheancientstoryofXiangYutothemodernstoryofthestudentsatMIT.PartII—(Para.4)PartIIservesasatransition20enlighteningadj.tendingtoincreaseknowledgeordissipateignorance有启迪的；使人感悟的enlightenv.(formal)

togivesb.informationsothattheyunderstandsthbetter启发；开导；阐明

Phrase:enlightensbabout〔on〕sth使(某人)领悟〔明白〕(某事)enlighteningadj.tendingtoin21Wouldyouenlightenmeonyourplansforthefuture?请给我解释一下你将来的计划好吗?TranslationWouldyouenlightenmeonyour22behavioral(behavioural)adj.relatingtothebehaviorofapersonoranimal,ortothestudyoftheirbehavior

行为的；行为研究的emotionalandbehavioralproblemsbehavioral(behavioural)adj.re23profitv(formal)

togetsthusefulfromasituation;tobeusefultosborgivethemanadvantage获益；得到好处；对…有用（或有益）

~by/fromsth/v.ing得益于TranslationShewillneverbeaprofessionalmusician,butI'msurethatshehasprofitedfromhermusiclessons.她永远不会成为一名职业音乐家,然而我敢肯定她从音乐课中学到很多东西。profitv(formal)

togetsth24n.

themoneythatyoumakeinbusinessorbysellingthings,especiallyafterpayingthecostsinvolved利润；收益；赢利Thereisverylittleprofitinsellingnewspapersatpresent.

n.themoneythatyoumakein25ThisexamplefromancienttimesleadstotheexperimentatMITwhereDr.Arielyteachesbehavioraleconomics.Theexperimentshowedthat:Transitionalparagraph(Para.4)studentscouldn’tbeartoseetheiroptionsvanish,eventhoughitwascleartheywouldprofitfromdoingso.Thisexamplefromancienttime26PartIIImainlyfocusesontheexperimentconductedbyDr.Ariely.Hefirstexplainsthepurposeandsignificanceoftheexperiment,andtheprocessofthestudentslosingmoney.Thenhepointsouttherealcauseofthestudents’irrationalbehavior.Finallyheemphasizesthatinlifethedoorsareactuallyclosingslowlyandwedon’tseethefuturevanishingawayPartIII—(Paras.5-9)PartIIImainlyfocusesonthe27preservev.1.tokeepaparticularquality,feature,etc.;tomakesurethatsthiskept保护；维护；保留2.topreventsth,especiallyfood,fromdecayingbytreatingitinaparticularway贮存；保鲜

3.[oftenpassive]

tokeepsthinitsoriginalstateingoodcondition维持…的原状；保存；保养4.tokeepsb/sthalive,orsafefromharmordanger使继续存活；保护；保全preservev.28fluctuatev.（大小、数量、质量等）波动；（在…之间）起伏不定

tochangefrequentlyinsize,amount,quality,etc.,especiallyfromoneextremetoanother~betweenAandBMymoodseemstofluctuatefromdaytoday.fluctuatev.（大小、数量、质量等）波动；（在…之29protestv.1.tosayfirmlythatsthistrue,especiallywhenyouhavebeenaccusedofsthorwhenotherpeopledonotbelieveyou坚决地表示；申辩

～+that-clause2.

tosayordosthtoshowthatyoudisagreewithordisapproveofsth,especiallypublicly（公开）反对；抗议

~about/against/atsthTranslationLocalfarmersprotestedagainstbuildingthenewairportontheirfarmland.当地农民抗议在他们农田上新修飞机场。protestv.TranslationLocalfarm30cling(clung,clung)v.1.toholdontightlytosb/sth抓紧；紧握；紧抱~on/tosb/sth2.tosticktosth粘住；附着

~tosthHeappearsdeterminedtoclingtopower.cling(clung,clung)v.Heappear31What’stheexperimentabout?(Para.5)TipsTheexperimentrevolvedaroundagamethateliminatedtheexcuseweusuallyhaveforrefusingtoletgo.What’stheexperimentabout?(32What’stheruleandthewinningstrategywhenplayingthecomputergame?(Para.6)Therulewasthemoremoneyyouearned,thebetterplayeryouare;2.Studentsshouldquicklycheckallthedoorsandkeepclickingontheonewiththehighestcash.Theyshouldabsolutelyignorethevanishingdoors.TipsWhat’stheruleandthewinnin33Howdidstudentslosemoneybecauseoftheirirrationaleffortstokeepthevanishingdoorsopen?(Para.7)Inthegame,anydoorleftun-clickedforashortwhilewouldvanish.Insteadofignoringthevanishingdoors,thestudentsrushedtoclickonthembeforetheyvanished,sotheylostmoneyintheend.TipsHowdidstudentslosemoneybe34Whyarethecorrespondingcostsoftenlessobviousinlifethanintheexperiments?(Paras.8-9)Becauseinlifethedoorsareclosingslowly,notliketheonesonthecomputerintheexperiment,sopeopledon’treallyseetheopportunitiesactuallyvanishingawaylittlebylittle.TipsWhyarethecorrespondingcost35PartIV—(Paras.10-12)PartIVsuggestshowwecanbalanceourlivesbyreducingunnecessaryoptions.PartIV—(Paras.10-12)PartIV36restorev.1.tobringbackasituationorfeelingthatexistedbefore恢复（某种情况或感受）2.

torepairabuilding,workofart,pieceoffurniture,etc.sothatitlooksasgoodasitdidoriginally修复；整修；使复原

3.

tobringalaw,tradition,wayofworking,etc.backintouse重新采用（或实施）；恢复

4.

(formal)togivesththatwaslostorstolenbacktosb

归还（失物、赃款等）restoreto…恢复到…

restorev.37Theoperationrestoredhissight

.Somepeoplearguethatthedeathpenaltyshouldberestored.Collocations:

restoretolife苏醒过来restorecalm恢复平静restoresb'seyesight恢复某人的视力

restorebuilding修复建筑物Theoperationrestoredhissig38implementv.

tomakesththathasbeenofficiallydecidedstarttohappenorbeused使生效；贯彻；执行；实施

synonym:carryouttoimplementchanges/decisions/policies/reformsn.

atooloraninstrument,oftenonethatisquitesimpleandthatisusedoutdoors工具；器具；（常指）简单的户外用具agriculturalimplementsimplementv.tomakesththat39delegatev.1.togivepartofyourwork,powerorauthoritytosbinalowerpositionthanyou授（权）；把（工作、权力等）委托（给下级）~sthtosb2.[usuallypassive]tochoosesbtodosth选派（某人做某事）

TranslationHeplanstodelegatemoreauthoritytohisdeputies.他打算把更多的权力交给副手。delegatev.TranslationHeplans40discardv.

togetridofsththatyounolongerwantornee丢弃；抛弃I'm

going

to

discard

those

magazines

if

you've

finished

reading

them.Translation如果你看完了，我就把那些杂志扔了。discardv.

togetridofstht41outwardadj.[onlybeforenoun]1.

connectedwiththewaypeopleorthingsseemtoberatherthanwithwhatisactuallytrue表面的；外表的2.

awayfromthecentreoraparticularpoint朝外面的；向外的

Collocations:outwardmovement向外的运动outwardinvestment对外投资outwardcalm外表的平静outwardadj.[onlybeforenoun]42prejudicen.[U,

C]

anunreasonabledislikeoforpreferenceforaperson,group,custom,etc.,especiallywhenitisbasedontheirrace,religion,sex,etc.偏见,成见,歧视

~(againstsb/sth)v.

toinfluencesbsothattheyhaveanunfairorunreasonableopinionaboutsb/sth使怀有（或形成）偏见

Theprosecutionlawyershavebeentryingtoprejudicethejuryagainsther.prejudicen.[U,

C]anunreason43Inthetext,whatdoesDr.Arielysuggestinordertobalanceourlife?(Paras.10)Tipsprohibitoverbooking,Peopleshould:reduceoptions,delegatetaskstoothers,giveawayideastootherstopursue.Inthetext,whatdoesDr.Ari44WhatdoesDr.Arielyurgetodoaftertheexperient?(Paras.11)TipsResignfromcommitteesPruneholidaycardlistsRethinkhobbiesRememberthelessonsofdoorcloserWhatdoesDr.Arielyurgetod45PartV—(Paras.13-14)PartVconcludestheessay,andmeanwhileitraisesthequestionifmoreisbetterthanless

.PartV—(Paras.13-14)PartVc46Whatisthemessagetheauthorwantstosendoutfromthistext?(Paras.13-14)TipsPeoplecanobtainpleasureandsatisfactionbyfocusingtheirenergyandattentioninamoreconcentratedfashion.Theywillhavemorewithfewerbutcarefullychosenoptions.Whatisthemessagetheauthor471

下次你要在两个难于取舍的、主要的和次要的选择之间做决定时，不妨问自己这样一个问题：项羽会怎么做？2

项羽是公元前三世纪中国古代王朝的一位将军。他带领他的部队横渡漳河，突袭进入了敌方的领地。他下令砸锅烧船，令他的部队大为震惊。3

他解释道，他强加给他们的是战胜对手的必要举措。他所说的无疑十分鼓舞士气，但当他那许多忠诚的士兵眼睁睁地看着他们的船只在火焰中被焚毁时，他们并不赞成他的做法。不过项羽将军的这种砸锅焚船的做法所显示出的天赋，在战场上和现代社会科学研究中都将得到肯定。项羽将军是一个罕见的不墨守成规的人，是一位经验丰富的领袖，由于他征战无数并达到了成功的顶峰，他深受尊敬。1下次你要在两个难于取舍的、主要的和次要的选择之间做决定时484

丹•阿雷利极富启迪性的新书《可预见的非理性》对项羽作了专题介绍。这本书对看似非理性的人类行为，譬如人类总想留住多项选择机会的倾向，进行了引人入胜的调查。大多数人都不能整理自己的思路来做痛苦的选择，麻省理工学院上阿雷利博士行为经济