初中语法之被动语态

被动语态知识剖析语态分类:英语动词有两种语态，主动语态(Activevoice)和被动语态(Passivevoice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。Theybuildanewbridgeovertheriver. (主动)Anewbridgeisbuiltovertheriver. (被动)汉语中常用“被”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：be动词+及物动词的过去分词构成。主动语态变被动语态的方法：把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be+过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by短语可以省略。Myaunt invited metoherdinnerparty.主语 谓语 宾语I wasinvited (bymyaunt)toherdinnerparty被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化：主要体现在be动词的变化上，列表如下:时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时态do/doesam/is/are+done一般过去时态didwas/were+done一般将来时态will/shall/begoingto+dowill/shall/begoingto+bedone过去将来时态would/should/begoingto+dowould/should/begoingto+bedone现在进行时态am/is/are+doingam/is/are+beingdone过去进行时态was/were+doingwas/were+beingdone现在完成时态have/has+donehave/has+beendone过去完成时态had+donehad+beendone情态动词can/may/must…+docan/may/must…+bedone一般现在时：am/is/are+doneChinesePeoplegrowriceinthesouthernarea. (主动)RiceisgrowninthesouthernareabyChinesepeople. (被动)一般过去时：was/were+doneTheybuiltanewcarfactorylastmonth. (主动)Anewcarfactorywasbuiltbythemlastmonth. (被动)一般将来时：will/begoingto+bedoneTheywillsendcarsabroadonahugeship. (主动)Carswillbesentabroadonahugeship. (被动)现在进行时：am/is/are+beingdoneThestudentsarereadingbooksintheclassroom. (主动)Booksarebeingreadbythestudentsintheclassroom. (被动)过去进行时：was/were+beingdoneTheworkersweremendingthe:roadatthistimeyesterday. (主动)Theroadwasbeingmendedbytheworkersatthistimeyesterday. (被动)现在完成时：have/has+beendoneSomeonehastoldmethesportsmeetingmightbeputoff. (主动)Ihavebeentoldthesportsmeetingmightbeputoff. (被动)含有情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。情态动词有：can/could,may/might,shall/should,will/would,must,need,haveto。Youmusthandinyourcompositionsafterclass. (主动)Yourcompositionsmustbehandedinbyyouafterclass. (被动)被动语态的使用当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态,这时往往不用by短语。Mr.White,thecupwasbrokenafterclass.突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。TheserecordsweremadebyJohnDenver.语态转换时所注意的问题主动语态变被动语态时，谓语动词的时态要与原句保持一致，谓语动词单复数要与新主语保持一致。Weboughtanewcomputer.Anewcomputerwasboughtbyus. ()Anewcomputerwereboughtbyus. ()含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语（指人）为主语时比较多。Myunclegavemeapresentyesterday.→Iwasgivenapresentbymyuncleyesterday.如果把直接宾语（指物）改为主语，则在间接宾语（指人）前加适当的介词to或for，如上句还可以说：Apresentwasgiventomebymyuncleyesterday.注意:一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to，如:bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell等。Thebookwasshowedtotheclass.一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词for，如：buy,cook,choose,do,fix,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing等。Anewskirtwasmadeforme.由动词+介词或副词构成的动词短语，要把它们作为整体看，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有:laughat,listento,lookafter,thinkof,talkabout,findout,giveup,handin,thinkover,turndown,workout等。Theproblemissolved.Itneedn’tbetalkedabout.在feel,hear,listento,make,let,have,notice,see,watch,,notice等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但改成被动语态后都带to，即AhearBdosth.→Bbeheardtodosth.byA.Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.→Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.区分:在see,watch,hear,notice等动词后作宾语补足语的为动词的现在分词ing形式时被动句的变法用结构：AseeBdoingsth.→Bbeseendoingsth.byAWesawhimplayingthepiano.→Hewasseenplayingthepiano,有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和Well,badly,easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等。Theclothwasheseasily.这布很好洗。Thenewproductsellswell.这新产品很畅销。对比:Thebookssellwell.这些书卖的好。 (主动句)Thebooksweresoldout.这些书被卖光了。 (被动句)在need等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动含义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。Thehouseneedsrepairing(=toberepaired).这房子需要修理。下列情况主动句不能改为被动句:系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel,look,seem,taste,smell,sound,remain等。Theflowersmellsnice.一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：takeplace,breakout,belongto,growup等。Thefirebrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.不及物动词没有被动语态,如：rise,happen,succeed,lie等。Theaccidenthappenedatmidnight.OurschoolliesinHuaYang. 在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如:Itissaidthat…据说……Itisreportedthat…据报导…… Itissupposedthat…据推测…… Itishopedthat…希望……Itiswellknownthat…众所周知……Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…普遍认为……Itissuggestedthat…有人建议……Itisbelievedthat…大家相信……ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.过去分词作后置定语相当于一个含有被动语态的定语从句：精练精析Domanyparentsexpecttheirchildrentogetmarriedearly?(passivevoice)______________________________________________________________________________________Tinawateredtheflowersyesterday.(Passivevoice)______________________________________________________________________________________Ourschoolisgoingtoholdasportsmeetingnextweek.(Passivevoice)_______________________________________________________________________________________Jeffiscleaningtheblackboardatpresent.(Passivevoice)______________________________________________________________________________________Themechanicwasfixingthemachineat5yesterday.(Passivevoice)_______________________________________________________________________________________Ihavejustnoticedamancomethroughthedoor.(Passivevoice)______________________________________________________________________________________Davidcansolvethemathproblemeasily.(Passivevoice)______________________________________________________________________________________Theyaregoingtofurnishanewhouse.(Passivevoice)______________________________________________________________________________________MyfriendTimlentmeabikeyesterday.(Passivevoice)______________________________________________________________________________________Mymumbuysmeanewdresseverysummer.(Passivevoice)______________________________________________________________________________________Ourschoolputoffthesportsmeetingbecauseofthebadweather.(Passivevoice)______________________________________________________________________________________MissLiusuallynoticestheboysingintheclassroom.(Passivevoice)______________________________________________________________________________________Bobnoticedthethiefjumpingoutofthebuilding.(Passivevoice)______________________________________________________________________________________这支钢笔很好写。(翻译)______________________________________________________________________________________Herbedroomneedstidying.(thesamemeaning)_______________________________________________________________________________________Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.(Thesamemeaning)______________________________________________________________________________________ThecarproducedinJapanisoutofworknow.(Complexsentence)_______________________________________________________________________________________即学即练单项选择。Forhiseleventhbirthday,Elviswantedabicyclebut________aguitarbyhisparents.A.gave B.wasgiven C.gives D.hasbeengivenJackwasmade________hisownclothesbyhismother.A.washed B.wash C.towash D.washingHe________treesinhisgardenjustnow.A.wasseenplanting B.wasseenplant C.isseentoplant D.hasbeenseentoplantNodecision_________aboutthetripuntiltheheadmastercomesback.A.ismade B.willbemade C.isbeingmade D.hasbeenmade—Nobodylikes________,soyou’dbetterbekindtoothers.—Sosorry.Iwon’tdoitagain.A.laughat B.tolaughat C.tobelaughedat D.tobelaughedThe2008OlympicGameswillbe________inBeijing.Iwanttobeavolunteeratthattime.A.takenplace B.happened C.held D.attendedItisreportedthattheUndergroundLineNo.9________inHuaduinthenearfuture.A.willbebuilt B.hasbeenbuilt C.willbuild D.hasbuilt—When________thePRC________?—OnOctober1,1949.A.did,found B.was,found C.did,founded D.was,foundedThisbookissopopularthatit________asexpected.A.wassoldasgood B.wassoldaswellC.soldasgood D.soldaswellThefirsttelephonecards,________in1976werefromItaly.A.wasproduced B.whichproducedC.produced D.producingIhopeourschoolcan________infivemonths’time.A.bebuilt B.build C.willbebuilt D.buildingEverymeans________triedbutwithoutmuchresult.A.hasbeen B.havebeen C.are D.isThepenwhichmybestfriendgavetome________well,soIlikeusingitverymuch.A.write B.iswritten C.writing D.writesThelady________shesawinthehospital.Itseemedthattobeanursewasn’ttherightchoiceforher.A.wasdisgustedbywhich B.wasrevoltedbywhatC.isdisgustingatwhat D.wasrevoltingwithwhatWhileshopping,peoplesometimescan’thelp________intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.A.topersuade B.persuading C.beingpersuaded D.bepersuaded用所给单词的正确形式填空。When__________(start)thejourney__________(notdecide)yet.South-eastAsiawashitbytsunamis,in2004.Manyhousesandbuildinghaveto__________(rebuild).Itcostalotofmoney.Itwasatruestory.AtourguidenamedWenHazhihadhisleftlegcut,becausesherefused__________(save)firstby“120”.Shetoldthemtosavetheotherpassengersfirst.Newonlinelanguageoftenappears.Popularcyberwordsandphraseslike“Theworldissobig,andIoweitavisit”,“memeda”and“xiaoxianrou”,__________(include)in“mostpopularcyberwordsandphrases”listsin2015inChina.After___________(elect)amemberofParliament,hefeelsambitious.Sixoftheseven__________(country)withthehighestobesity(beingveryfat)rateareEnglish-speakingnations,anewsurvey__________(say).ThecountryatthetopofthelististheUSA.This__________(follow)byMexico,NewZealand,Australia,theUK.Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldn’tmakehimself__________(hear).Yourshoesaretoodirty,theyneed__________immediately.(wash)Thesong__________(sing)byJolin__________(write)byJaysomeyearsago.Haveyoueverheardofasystemofwriting__________ondots?(base)Wearegladtohearthattheterrorists__________bythebravepolicemenseveraldaysago.(catch)—Whyistheclassroomsodirty?—Sorry,sir.It__________yesterday.Weforgottodoit.(not,clean)—DoesshelikesingingEnglishsongs?—Yes.Usually,she__________tosingEnglishsongsinherroom.(hear)China’s23rdBeidouSatellite_________intospaceonJune12,2016.(send)—Doyouthinkteenagersshould_________tomaketheirowndecisions?(encourage)—No,Idon’tagreewithyou.They’retooyoungtodothat.句型转换。DidTomhearagirlsinginthenextroomlastnight?(Changethesentenceintopassivevoice)_______________________________________________________________________________________Thestudentswillneverlaughatthosewhocan’tanswertheteachers’question.(Changethesentenceintopassivevoice)_______________________________________________________________________________________Themooncouldn’tbeseenbypeoplebecauseoftheclouds.(AV)_______________________________________________________________________________________Hasenoughfoodbeenpreparedbythechildren?(AV)_______________________________________________________________________________________ItisbelievedthatSandypassedthedrivingtest.(simple)_______________________________________________________________________________________Givenanotherchance,IamsureIwillsucceed.(Changethesentenceintoacomplexsentence)_______________________________________________________________________________________Joansawherneighboursdriveawaywithababy’scarrycotontherooftheircar.(Changethesentenceintopassivevoice)_______________________________________________________________________________________Themanagercaughtthechefsmokingduringhisworkinghour.Sohegotfiredimmediately.(Changetheunderlinedpartintopassivevoice)_______________________________________________________________________________________Wehavetodosomethingtopreventthepricesofhousesfromincreasingtoofast.Something________________________________topreventthepricesofhousefromincreasingtoofast.Itissaidthat“TheKiteRunner”hassoldmorethan8millioncopiesthroughouttheworld.“TheKiteRunner”________________________________________morethan8millioncopiesthroughtheworld.课效侧击单项选择。Idoremember________themeaningoftheword,butIforgetitnow.A.telling B.havingtold C.tobetold D.havingbeentoldMuchattentionmust________thesedetails.A.pay B.bepaid C.payto D.bepaidto—YoushouldtellTomthathe________toworkforNanchangTVStation.—Ithinkso.IwilltellhimwhenIseehimthisevening.A.chooses B.hasbeenchosen C.chose D.ischosenThewounded________bythehospital.Theyarebeingwellcured.A.havebeentakenin B.hasbeentakenin C.havetakenin D.hastakenin—Canyoutellmesomethingabouttherulestoplaythisgame?—Sure.Ifonequestion________correctly,anotherquestion________toyou.A.isanswered,isanswered B.willbeanswered,isansweredC.isanswered,willbeanswered D.answers,willbeansweredThree-fourthsofthehomework________today.A.hasfinished B.hasbeenfinished C.havefinished D.havebeenfinished—Ithoughtyouwerebuildingaship,whynotputitinthelake?—Becauseit________.What’smore,itneeds________.A.wouldnotfinish,repaired B.hasn’tbeenfinishedyet,repairingC.won’tfinishedyet,berepairing D.didn’tfinish,repairedThecake________verydelicious,I’mexpectingit________.A.islooked,tobetasted B.islooked,totasteC.looks,tobetasted D.looks,totasteThebookissodifficultto________,butwhoisto________.A.beread,beblamed B.read,beblamedC.beread,blame D.read,blameTheyfoundastrangecupintheancienttomb.Itwassaidthecup________adrink.A.usedtohave B.wasusedtohaveC.usedtohaving D.wasusedtohaving—Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse? —Notyet.Therooms________.A.arebeingpainted B.arepainting C.arepainted D.arebeingpainting—CanyousingthisEnglishsong?—Ofcourse,Ican.It________manytimesontheradio.A.taught B.hastaught C.istaught D.hasbeentaughtNowadaysmanyteenagersfeelthattheyareoftentold________whattheyarenot________.A.todo;interested B.todo,interestedin C.do;interested D.doing;interestedinThestudentscalledtheteacherforhelpinthelab,becausetheproblem________bythemselves.A.couldn’tbesolved B.can’tbesolvedC.couldn’tsolve D.can’tsolveAnglestillrememberstheexcitementwhenshe________tohostanAmericanexchangestudentfromGouldAcademy.A.chooses B.hasbeenchosen C.chose D.waschosen用所给单词的正确形式填空。Thosedesks__________(notrepair)untilyesterday.Somenewhouses__________(build)inafewyears.Thefarmers__________(make)__________(give)uptheirlandbythelandlordintheoldtimes.Greatc