北京市朝阳区2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题（无答案无听力部分）

第第页北京市朝阳区2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题（无答案，无听力部分）北京市朝阳区2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试

英语

2023.7

（考试时间100分钟满分100分）

本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。

第一部分知识运用（共三节，30分）

第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

WhenIwasinseventhgrade,Ivolunteeredatalocalhospitalduringthesummer.

IspentmostofthetimetherewithMr.Gillespie,__1__tohimandhelpingwithanythingthatneededtobedone.He__2__hadanyvisitors,andnobodyseemedtocareabouthiscondition.Hebecameaclosefriendofmine,eventhoughhe__3__withonlyanoccasionalpressonmyhand.Mr.Gillespiewasinacoma（昏迷）.

ThenIleftforaweektovacationwithmyparents,andwhenIcameback,Mr.Gillespiewasgone.Ididn’thavethenervetoaskthenurseswherehewas,for__4__theymighttellmehehaddied.

Severalyearslater,Inoticeda___5___faceatthegasstation.Hewasalive!IwentovertoaskhimifitwasMr.Gillespiewhowasinacomafiveyearsago.Withanuncertainlookonhisface,herepliedyes.WhenIexplainedwhoIwas,tears___6___inhiseyes,andhegavemethewarmesthugIhadeverreceived.

Mr.Gillespiebegantotellmehow,ashe___7___thereinacoma,hecouldsensemypresence.Hefirmlybelievedthatitwasmy___8___thathadkepthimalive.Webothcriedforawhile,exchangedahug,andwentourseparateways.

AlthoughIhaven’tseenhimsince,hefillsmyheartwithjoyeveryday.IknowthatImadea___9___betweenhislifeanddeath.Moreimportantly,hehasalsomadeanenormousinfluenceinmylife.Iwillneverforgethim.He___10___myhelp.

1.A.pointingB.wavingC.listeningD.talking

2.A.justB.neverC.sometimesD.always

3.A.promisedB.admittedC.respondedD.operated

4.A.angerB.fearC.envyD.sorrow

5.A.familiarB.seriousC.typicalD.magic

6.A.wentbackB.felloverC.driedoutD.welledup

7.A.layB.grewC.waitedD.tested

8.A.smileB.courageC.adviceD.voice

9.A.connectionB.suggestionC.differenceD.decision

10.A.representsB.deservesC.guaranteesD.strengthens

第二节选词填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）

阅读下面句子，根据句意，从方框中选择恰当的词或词组并用其正确形式填空。

HaveanimpactonreliablesubmitrevealberesponsibleforMakeupone’smindbarrierfigureoutendupcompetitive

11.Youneedadegreetobe________intoday’sjobmarket.

12.Weneedmore________informationbeforewecantakeaction.

13.Themountainsactedasanatural________tothespreadofthedisease.

14.Themoviewewantedtoseewassoldoutsowe________seeingadifferentone.

15.Ifyou________something,itisyourdutytodealwithitandmakedecisionsrelatingtoit.

16.Thoseinterestedinthepositionshould________theirapplicationstotheStudentUnion.

17.AsurveyoftheBritishdiet________thatagrowingnumberofpeopleareoverweight.

18.WehadaveryproductivemeetingbecauseIfeltwe________alotofproblems.

19.Technologicalinnovation________thecountry’seconomyquiteconsiderably.

20.Summervacationiscoming,butIcan’t________wheretotakemyvacation.

（请务必将第11至20题的答案写在答题卡指定区域内）

第三节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）

阅读下面句子，根据句子内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1阁恰当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

21.Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,_________helpsthemkeepfit.

22.THATNetwork_________(establish)in2022andhasalreadyworkedsmoothly.

23.Thisis_________myfatherhastaughtme-toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.

24.Arescuerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswho_________(trap)inthemountainsfortwodays.

25.Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife,_________(range)frombutterfliestoelephants.

26.I_________(read)halfoftheEnglishnovel,andI’lltrytofinishitattheweekend.

27.Unless_________(invite)tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.

28.Theheadmasterhasmade_________clearthatthemeetingwillnotbeputoff.

29.Theexperiment_________(conduct)inthelabwhenthepowercutoccurred.

30._________(see)fromthetopofthehill,thecityappearsmoresplendid.

（请务必将第21至30题的答案写在答题卡指定区域内）

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）

第一节（共14题；每小题2分，共28分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Publicspeakingcanbestressful,butsufficientpreparationcanreducethestressofspeakinginfrontofpeople.Hereareafewstepstohelpyoumakeaneffectivepresentation.

Prepare

Selectandresearchyourtopiccarefully.Widereadingwillhelpyougatherenoughmaterialandfocusyourresearchatthepreparationstage.

Developaroughoutlineofwhatyoumightinclude-thiscancomefromanykeypointsyourlecturehastoldyoutoinclude.

Organizeyourresearchintoyouroutline.Keepthetimelimitinmind,andmakeanycutsofunnecessaryorirrelevantinformation.

Writeadraftofyourspeech.Itisespeciallyusefulifyouareusingvocabularythatyoumightbefindingdifficulttoremember.

Summariseyourwrittenspeechintobriefnotes.Thesewilleventuallybecomeyournumberednotecards.

Prepareanyvisualthatyouaregoingtousetosupportyourpresentation.Remembervisualaidsshouldbesimpleandeffectiveinsupportingwhateveryouaresaying.

Practise

Knowyourstuff-confidencecomeswithknowledgeofcontent,Ifyouknowwhatyouaretalkingabout,thenyouwon’tfeelnervousaboutwhatyouaregoingtosay.

Practicepresentingyourspeechinfrontofamirror,andifyouhaveenoughcourage,askyourtrustedfriendstowatchyou.Themoreyoupractice,themoreconfidentyouwillbe.

Askforconstructiveadvice.Askyourfriendsforadviceaboutyourgestures,speedofdelivery,andeventheclarityofyourmessage.

Present

Gettothepresentationearlyandmeetyouraudienceastheywalkin.Thismightbeagoodwaytocalmyournerves,asyouknowwhoareintheroom.

Practicestandingatthefronttogetyourfeelfortheroomandspacebeforeyoubegin.Also,makesureanytechnologythatyouareusinginthepresentationisworking.

Relax-ifyouarefullyprepared,youwillmakeit!

31.Whatcanbeincludedintheoutlineofyourspeech

A.Thereasonyouchoosethetopic.

B.Thekeypointsrequiredtotalkabout.

C.Thewordsyoufindhardtoremember.

D.Thelistofmaterialyoureadonthetopic.

32.Howcanyoureducenervousnessinapresentation

A.Knowyourspeechcontentwell.

B.Arriveatthepresentationontime.

C.Takealltheadvicefromyourfriends

D.Usenotechnologyincaseitgoeswrong.

33.Tomakeaneffectivespeech,youneedto__________.

A.writedowneverydetailonthenumberednotecards

B.presentasmuchinformationaspossibletoconveyyourideas

C.readextensivelytocollectsufficientmaterialrelatedtoyourtopic

D.usevividandcomplexvisualaidstodrawtheattentionofaudience

B

MywifeHannahandIusuallydon’tkeephouseplants.Anythinginpotsgetseitheroverwateredorunderwatered.Aftermydiagnosis（诊断）withabraincancer,Ilovedtohavesomethinggreenandalivearoundus.AndthenIgotaluckybambooplantinapotfrommyfriendMitch.ItoldHannahIwantedtocarefortheplantmyself.

Asaphysician,Iwasusedtoprovidingcare.Sincemydiagnosis,Ihadtorelyonhelpfromotherpeople,leavingmefeelingaimlessandupset.WateringtheplanttaughtmeIcouldstillbeacaregiver.

Overthenextfewmonths,Irecoveredfromsurgeryandcompletedthefirstroundoftreatment.BoththebambooandIwerethriving（繁荣）.Then,mysteriously,itbegantoshowsignsofstress.NomatterwhatIdid,theleaveskeptdroppingtothefloor,makingmediscouragedanduneasy.

“Ican’tevencareforsimpleplant!”Iyelled.“I’mfailing!”

Hannahremindedmethatwe’dseenhouseplantsdiebefore.SheaskedmewhyIwasgettingsoworkedupaboutthisparticularone.

“Ifmyluckybamboodies,”Icriedout,“Imightdietoo!”

Identifyingwiththeplanthadofferedmecomfort,Nowthattheplantwasstruggling,Ifeltincreasinglyfearful.

Suddenly,oneday,IrealizedIhadwronglyconnectedmycarefortheplant-somethingoverwhichIhadatleastsomecontrol-withmyownsurvival-somethingoverwhichIhadnocontrol.Whenmycancerreturned,itwouldnotbebecauseofanyfailureonmypart-notbecauseIatesugaroccasionallyandcertainlynotbecauseIfailedtokeepthisplantalive.

Asmyanxietylessened,Ilearnedfromonlinetipstocareformydyingplant.Imovedthebambootoalargerpot,separatingitsrootstogiveitroomtogrow.Whenitwasbackinthesunnywindow,webothbegantothriveagain.

34.Whatmadetheauthorchangehisattitudetowardkeepinghouseplants

A.Herecoveredfromsurgery.B.Hegotaluckybambooplant.

C.Hewasdiagnosedwithacancer.D.Helearnedhowtowateraplant.

35.Whatwasthemaincausefortheauthor’sanxiety

A.Hisstrugglewithcancer.

B.Hisdecisiontocarefortheplant.

C.Hisinabilitytolookafterhimself.

D.Hisbeliefinlinkinghissurvivaltotheplant’s.

36.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage

A.Everythingcomestothosewhowait.

B.Positivethinkingisacureofanxiety.

C.Trustyourselfthatyoucandoitandgetit.

D.Youcarrythepassporttoyourownsuccess.

C

Growingup,ChelseaWooddreamedofbecomingaseabiologistandstudyinglarge,excitinganimalslikesharks.Instead,shelaterfoundherselflookingthroughamicroscopeattheorgansofasnail（蜗牛）andsawthousandsoflittlewhitesausage-shapedparasites（寄生虫）.Throughthemicroscope,eachparasitehadtwodarkeyespots,whichmadethemsurprisinglyattractive.“Icouldn’tbelievethatI’dbeenlookingatsnailsforaslongasIhadandmissingallthecoolstuffhappeninginsidethem,”saysWood,nowaparasitologistatUniversityofWashington.

NearlyhalfofallknownanimalsonEarthareparasites.Accordingtoonestudy,atenthofthemmayalreadybecertaintoextinctionduetoclimatechange,lossoftheirhosts,andintentionalattemptsofwipingthemout.Butnowitseemsthatfewpeoplecare.

Bydefinition,parasitesliveinoronahostandtakesomethingfromthathost.Nutnotallparasitescauseharm,andonlyasmallpercentageaffecttheirhosts.Infact,parasitesplay

Essentialrolesinecosystems,Keepingsomepopulationsincheckwhilehelpingtofeedothers.Withoutparasiteskeepingthemincheck,populationsofsomeanimalswouldexplode.Manyparasitesmoveintotheirnexthostbycontrollingthehostthey’rein,whichdrivethathostintoananimal’smouthsothattheanimalcanbefed.

Evenhumanhealthwouldn’tentirelybenefitfromwipingoutparasites.Thehumanimmunesystem（免疫系统）evolvedwithagroupofparasites,andwhenwekilledthemoff,ourimmunesystemsbeganattackingourselves.SomepeoplewithCrohn’sdiseasehaveevenpurposelyinfectedthemselveswithintestinal（肠道的）parasiteslivedeservesourattention.Ifyougettounderstandthem,youmayfindthebraveryandattractionofparasites.They’veevolvedclevermeansofsurvival,frombecomingafish’stonguetocontrollingthemindofcockroach（蟑螂）

However,scientistsaren’teagertosavealltheparasites.Theguineaworm,forinstance,getsahardpassfromeventhemoststubbornconservationists.Itgrowstoadulthoodinsideaperson’sleg,causingharmtoone’shealth.Ultimately,thegoalofpromotingparasiteconservationisn’ttomakeeveryonefallinlovewiththem.Instead,it’stocallarelaxationinourwaragainstallofthem,becausethere’sstillsomuchwedon’tunderstandabouttheirvaluetoecosystemsandmaybeeventopeople.

37.WhatdoestheauthorindicatebyreferringtoChelseaWood’sstory

A.Allparasitologistsinitiallyintendedtostudyparasites.

B.Parasitesareeasilyignoredcomparedwithlargeanimals.

C.Animalslikesharkshavemoreresearchvaluethanparasites.

D.Scientistsstudyparasitesbecauseoftheirattractiveappearance.

38.Theauthorusestheexampleunderlinedinparagraph4to__________.

A.introduceanapproachB.drawacomparison

C.presentanassumptionD.illustrateanargument

39.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage

A.Parasitescansmartlysurvivewithouttheirhosts.

B.Conservationistsbelieveallparasitesshouldbeprotected.

C.Someparasitesareimportantforthebalanceofourecosystem.

D.Parasitescanchangetheirhostsbydirectlymovingontootheranimals.

40.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage

A.WhyareparasitesDyingOut

B.WhyShouldWeSpareParasites

C.HowDoParasitesAffectEcosystems

D.HowCanWeCreateaWorldWithoutParasites

D

Theartificial-intelligencechatbotChatGPThasshakeneducatorssinceitsNovemberrelease.NewYorkCitypublicschoolshavebanneditfromtheirnetworksandschooldevices.Thereis,perhapssurprisingly,onesubjectareathatdoesn’tseemthreatened,ItturnsoutChatGPTisquitebadatmaths.

“I’mnothearingmathsinstructorsexpressconcernaboutChatGPT,”saidPaulvonHippel,aprofessorattheUniversityofTexaswhostudiesdatascienceandstatistics.“I’mnotsureit’susefulformathsatall,whichfeelsstrangebecausemathswasthefirst-usecasefortheartificial-intelligencedevices.”

ChatGPT’sstrugglewithmathsisinherentinthistypeofAI,knownasalargelanguagemodel.Itscansalargeamountoftextfromacrossthewebanddevelopsamodelthatmightbeextremelyeffectiveforwritinggrammaticallycorrectresponsestoessayrequirement,butnotforsolvingamathsproblem.

Inanemail,IaskedDebarghyaDas,asearch-engineengineer,whyChatGPTgetssomesimplequestionsrightbutotherscompletelywrong.“Maybetherightanalogy（类比）isifyouaskaroomofpeople,whohavenoideawhatmathsisbuthavereadmanyhieroglyphics（象形文字），‘Whatcomesafter2+2,’theymightsay,‘Usually,weseea4,’That’swhatChatGPTisdoing.”But,headds,“Mathsisn’tjustaseriesofhieroglyphics.It’stheprocessofcalculating.”

Itisn’tgreatforpretendingyouknowitthroughamathsclassbecauseyouonlyrecognizethemistakesifyouknowthemaths.Anotherreasonthatmathsinstructorsarelessanxiousaboutthisinnovationisthattheyhavebeenherebefore.Thefieldwasupendedforthefirsttimedecadesagowiththegeneralavailabilityofcomputersandcalculators.

“Mathshashadthebiggestrevolutionbasedonmachineryofanymainstreamsubject,”saidConradWolfram,thestrategicdirectorofWolframResearch.“Intherealworld,sincecomputerscamealong,havemaths,scienceandengineeringgottenconceptuallysimplerNo,completelytheopposite.We’reaskingharderandharderquestions,goingupalevel.”

Eventually,AIwillprobablygettothepointwhereitsmathsanswersarenotonlyconfidentbutcorrect.Apurelargelanguagemodelmightnotbeupforthejob,butthetechnologywillimprove.Ingeneral,however,AI,likecomputers,willlikelyultimatelybemostusefulforthosewhoalreadyknowafieldwell.Theyknowthequestionstoask,howtoidentifytheshortcomingsandwhattodowiththeanswer.Atool,inotherwords,forthosewhoknowthemostmaths,nottheleast.

41.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“inherent”inParagraph3mostprobablymean

A.StableB.PracticalC.LimitedD.Natural

42.WhatcanweknowfromDebarghya’sreply

A.Calculatingrequiressomeknowledgeofhieroglyphics.

B.ChatGPTisgoodatsolvingmathematicalquestionsbyanalogy.

C.ReadinghieroglyphicspreventsChatGPTsolvingmathsquestions

D.ChatGPT’sresponseisbasedonlanguagemodelsinsteadofcalculations.

43.Whatcanbeinferredfrommathsinstructors’calmnessaboutChatGPT

A.ChatGPTisusefultoidentifymathsmistakes.

B.Technicalrevolutionmademathseasiertounderstand.

C.Newtechnologywillenduppushingtheboundariesofmaths.

D.ChatGPThasbeenbannedfromnetworksandschooldevices.

44.AsforAI,whichwouldtheauthorprobablyagreewith

A.Itwillplaythelargestroleforprofessionalsinafield.

B.Itwillbecomeconfidenttosolveallthemathsproblems.

C.Itwillturnthemathsfieldoveragainjustlikecomputers.

D.Itwilltakethejobsfromhumansasthetechnologyimproves.

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Childrenloveplayingoutdoors,Theyusuallygetmuddy,withnoregardforthecolouroftheirclothing.“Don’tgetdirty!”wasonceaconstantfamilywarning,asparentswatchedtheirchildrenruintheirbestclothes.Theywerehappyrunningthroughfarmer’sfieldsorclimbingtrees.___45___.

Accordingtotheexperts,parentsdon’thavetoconcerntoomuchaboutit.Recentresearchshowsthatthedirtoutsidecandevelopresistancetoarangeofillnesses.Certainnaturalmaterials,suchasmud,containsurprisinglypowerfulmicroorganisms（微生物群）whosepositiveimpactonchildren’shealthweareonlybeginningtofullyunderstand___46___.

Manyofthepsychologicalbenefitsofoutdoorplayareestablishedaswell.Ourbrainsevolvedinbeautifullandscapes,andthewayweperceivetheworldisparticularlysuitedtowildoutdoorspaces___47___Ithelpsrefreshthebrainandevenreducedepressionandanxiety,OnestudyfoundthatchildrenwithADHD（注意力缺陷多动症）werebetterabletoconcentratefollowinga20-minutewalkinthepark.Beijingclosetograssandtreesseemedtohaveabeneficialeffectontheirminds.

___48___Ithelpschildrendevelopthewaytheirsensesandmovementinteract,whichhelpsthemgraduallyunderstandtheexternalenvironmentandtheinternalconnectionsofthingsindifferentways.Ifchildrenplaywithothers,theycanlearnhowtocommunicatewithothersanddevelopeffectivestrategiestopromotesocialization.

Today,withtheattractionofvideogamesandsocialmedia,contactwithnatureisrarerthaninthepast.Moreandmoreparentsbegintorecognizetheimportanceofoutdoorplay.__49__Theybelievethatnotonlydoesitmakechildrenemotionallyhappybutitalsohasapowerfuleffectontheirwellbeing.

A.Formany,thereissimplynoopportunitytogetmuddy.

B.Outdoorplaycabalsooffervaluablelearningexperiences.

C.Thismeansthatnaturalscenesprovidetheperfectlevelofstimulation.

D.Theymaysecretlywishtheirchildrenhadthechancetopickupabitofdirt.

E.Theyrecommendusingnatureasanaccessiblewayofinteractingwithothers.

F.Itwasobviousthatchildren’swhiteswouldturnbrownbeforethedaywasover.

G.Outdoorplaydoesbettertochildren’sphysicalgrowth,comparedwithgettingmuddy.

第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）

第一节（共4小题；第50、51题各2分，第52题3分，第53题5分，共12分）

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

“Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.”Weallknowthathealthyhabitscanhelpusbuildastrongbody,buthowwecanliveahappylifeOverthepasttwodecades,scientistshaveidentifiedmanytechniquestoraiseourhappiness,butthesemethodscannotworkmagic.“Thingslikepovertyorinjuryareobviouslygoingtoaffectyourwell-being,”saysLaurieSantos,atYaleUniversity.“Butformanyofus,ourhappinessismuchmoreunderourcontrolthanwethink.”Herfreecourse,TheScienceofWell-being,exploresevidence-basedwaystoincreasehappiness.

Foratasteofwhatthecourseinvolves,considerourtendencytocompareourselvesnegativelywiththepeoplearoundus.Byrecognizingwhenth