现场版英语二2016真题阅读标注讲义

1575+词汇套班It’struethathigh-schoolcoding编码classesaren’tessential本质的forlearningcomputerscienceincollege.Studentswithoutexperiencecancatchupafterafewintroductorycourses介绍性的课程,saidTomCortina,theassistantdean助理系atCarnegieMellon’sSchoolofComputerScience.However,Cortinasaid,earlyexposure，接触isbeneficial.Whenyoungerkidslearncomputerscience,theylearnthatit’snotjustaconfusing,endlessstring一串oflettersandnumbers—butatooltobuildapps,orcreateartwork艺术品,ortesthypotheses测试假设.It’snotashardforthemtotransform转变theirthoughtprocesses思考过程asitisforolderstudents.Breakingdownproblemsintobite-sizedchunks大块儿andusingcode编码tosolve esnormal.Givingmorechildrenthistrainingcouldincreasethenumberofpeopleinterestedinthefieldandhelpfillthejobsgap工作间隙,Cortinasaid.Cortinaholdsthatearlyexposuretocomputersciencemakesiteasier［A］completefuturejob［B］remodelthewayof［C］formulatelogical［D］perfectartwork Studentsalsobenefitfromlearningsomethingaboutcodingbeforetheygettocollege,whereintroductorycomputer-scienceclassesarepackedtothebrim塞满向边缘=多,whichcandrivetheless-experiencedor-determinedstudentsaway.［A］［D］TheFlatironSchool,wherepeoplepaytolearnprogramming,startedasoneofthemanycodingbootcamps新兵that’s epopularforadultslookingforacareerchange职业转变.Thehigh-schoolersgetthesamecurriculum课程,but“wetrytogear齿轮；适合lessonstowardthingsthey’reinterestedin,”saidVictoriaFriedman,aninstructor指导员.Forinstance,oneoftheapps应用thestudentsaredevelosuggestsmoviesbasedonyourmood情绪.ThestudentsintheFlatironclassprobablywon’tdropoutofhighschoolandbuildthe.Programminglanguageshaveaquickturnover转变,sothe“RubyonRails”languagetheylearnedmaynotevenberelevantbythetimetheyenterthejobmarket.Buttheskillstheylearn—howtothinklogicallythroughaproblemandorganizetheresults—applyto应用anycodinglanguage编码语言,saidDeborahSeehorn,aneducationconsultantforthestateofNorthCarolina.［A］helpstudentslearnothercomputer ［B］havetobeupgraded升级when ［C］needimprovingwhenstudentslookfor［D］enablestudentstomakebigquickIndeed,theFlatironstudentsmightnotgointoITatall.Butcreatingafuturearmyofcoders编成大军isnotthesolepurposeoftheclasses.Thesekidsaregoingtobesurrounded包围bycomputers—intheirpockets,intheiroffices,intheirhomes—fortherestoftheirlives.Theyoungertheylearnhowcomputersthink,howtocoaxthemachineintoproducingwhattheywant—theearliertheylearnthattheyhavethepowertodothat—thebetter. ［A］competewithafuturearmyofprogrammers编 ［B］staylongerintheinformationtechnology ［D］bringforthinnovativeTheword“coax”（Line4,Para.6）isclosestinmeaningto.coaxthemachineintoproducingwha［A］［B］persuade［C］［D］misguide Biologistsestimatethatasmanyas2millionlesserprairiechickens—akindofbirdlivingonstretching延伸的grasslands—oncelentredtotheoftengrey灰色landscape风景ofthemid-westernandsouthwesternUnitedStates.Butjustsome22,000birdsremaintoday,occupyingabout16%ofthespecies’物种historicrange范围.s,,,Themajorreasonforlistingthelesserprairiechickenasthreatenedis.［A］theinsistenceofprivate［C］adesperateappealfromsome［D］itsdrasticallydecreasedThecrash撞碎，飞机坠毁，wasamajorreasontheU.S.FishandWildlifeService(USFWS)decidedtoformallylist列为thebirdasthreatened受的.“Thelesserprairiechickenisinadesperatesituation绝望的环境,”saidUSFWSDirectorDanielAshe.Someenvironmentalists,however,weredisappointed失望.Theyhadpushedtheagency机构todesignate指定thebirdas“endangered濒危,”astatusthatgivesfederalofficialsgreaterregulatorypower管理权力tocrackdown onthreats.找［A］wasagive-in ［B］wouldinvolvefeweragenciesin［C］grantedlessfederalregulatoryButAsheandothersarguedthatthe“threatened”tag gavethefederalernmentflexibility灵活性totryoutnew,potentiallyless al对抗的conservationapproaches保护措施.Inparticular,theycalledforforging制造closercollaborations合作withwesternstateernments,whichareoftenuneasywithfederalaction,andwiththeprivatelandowners私有whocontrolanestimated估计95%oftheprairiechicken’shabitat栖息ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thatunintentionalharm-doerswillnotbeprosecutedif［A］agreetopayasumforcompensation［D］promisetoraisefunds 金forUSFWS Underthen,forexample,theagencysaiditwouldnotprosecute landownersorbusinessesthatunintentionally无意的kill,harm,ordisturbthebirdaslongas只要theyhadsigned签署arange-wide一系列的managementntorestore恢复prairiechickenhabitat.Negotiated协商byUSFWSandthestates,thenrequires要求individualsandbusinessesthatdamagehabitat毁坏栖息地aspartoftheiroperations、运营topayintoafund基金toreceeveryacredestroyedwith2newacresofsuitable合适的habitat.Thefundwillalsobeusedtocompensate赔偿landowners whosetaside留出habitat.USFWSalsosetaninterim临时的goalofrestoringprairiechickenpopulationstoanannualaverageof67,000birdsoverthenext10years.AnditgivestheWesternAssociationofFishandWildlifeAgencies(WAFWA),acoalition联合体ofstateagencies州立机构们,thejobofmonitoring监督progress.Overall,theideaistolet“states州remaininthedriver’sseatformanagingthespecies物种,”Ashesaid.AccordingtoAshe,theleadingroleinmanagingthespecies［A］the ［C］the［D］theformanagingtheNoteveryonebuys相信买账thewin-win双赢rhetoric说辞.SomeCongressmembersaretryingtoblock n,andatleastadozenindustrygroups,fourstates,andthreeenvironmentalgroupsarechallengingitinfederalcourt联邦法庭.Notsurprisingly,industrygroupsandstatesgenerallyargueitgoestoofar;environmentalistssayitdoesn’tgofarenough.“Thefederal ernmentisgiving 责任 formanagingtheJayLiningerwouldmostlikely［A］ nunder［B］thewin-win 不够罚款是轻［D］industry 被罚款 题目顺序基本上文章顺序Thateveryone’stoobusythesedaysisacliché陈词滥调.Butonespecificcom intismadeespeciallymournfully悲伤地:There’sneveranytimetoread.Whatmakestheproblemthornier isthattheusualtime-managementtechniquesseemsufficient足够的时间不够还要有心态［A］whattheycanofferdoesnoteasethemodernmind［B］whatpeopleoftenforgetiscarryingabookwith［C］whatchallengingbooksdemandisrepetitiveTheweb’sfullofarticlesofferingtipsonmakingtimetoread:GiveupTVorButinmyexperience,usingsuchmethodsButinmyexperience,usingsuchmethods零星的30minutesdoesn’twork.Sitdowntoreadandtheflywheel飞轮ofwork-relatedthoughtskeepsspinning旋转—orelseyou’resoexhausted筋疲力尽的thatachallengingbookisthelastthingyouneed.Themodernmind,TimParks,anovelistandcritic,writes,“isoverwhelminglyinclined倾向towardcommunication交流…Itisnotsimplythatoneisinterrupted;itisthatoneisactuallyinclinedtointerruption打搅.”Deepreadingrequiresnotjusttime,butaspecialkindoftimewhichcan’tbeobtainedmerely仅仅by ingmoreefficient.Infact,“ ingmoreefficient”ispartoftheproblem.Thinkingoftimeasaresource资源to ized最大化meansyouapproach处理itinstrumentally器具性地,judginganygivenmomentaswellspentonlyinsofarasitadvancesprogresstowardsomegoal.Immersive沉浸式reading,bycontrast,dependsonbeingwillingtoriskinefficiency冒低效率之险,goallessness无目的的,eventime-wasting.Trytoslot狭缝itinasto-dolistitem项目andyou’llmanageonlygoal-focusedreading—useful,sometimes,butnotthemostfulfilling有成就的kind.“Thefuturecomesatuslikeemptybottlesalonganunstoppableandnearlyinfinite无穷的conveyorbelt传送带,”writesGaryEberleinhisbookSacredTime,and“wefeelapressuretofillthesedifferent-sizedbottles(days,hours,minutes)astheypass,foriftheygetbywithoutbeingfilled,wewillhavewastedthem”Nomind-set心态couldbeworse（than这种心态）forlosingyourselfinabook沉浸式阅读.Theemptybottlesmetaphorillustratesthatpeoplefeelapressure［A］updatetheirto-do［B］makepassingtime［C］carry ［D］pursue追求 Sowhatdoeswork?Perhapssurprisingly,scheduling时间表regulartimesforreading.You’dthinkthismightfuel燃起theefficiencymind-set心态,butinfact,Eberlenotes ,suchritualistic程式化的behaviorhelpsus“stepoutsidetime’sflow”into“soultime”时间Youcouldlimitdistractions干扰byreadingonlyphysicalbooks,oronsingle-purposee-readers.“Carryabookwithyouatalltime”canactuallywork,too—providingyoudipinoftenenough,sothatreading esthedefaultstate缺省模式fromwhichyoutemporarily暂时surfacetotakecareofbusiness,beforedropbackdown.Onareallygoodday,itnolongerfeelsasifyou’re“makingtimetoread”,butjustreading,andmakingtimeforeverythingelse.34Carryabookwithyouatalltimescanwork奏效读书日最能替换［A］ esyourprimarybusinessofthe［B］allthedailybusinesshasbeenpromptlydealt［C］youareabletodropbacktobusinessafter［D］timecanbeevenlysplitforreadingand33.Eberlewouldagreethatschedulingregulartimesforreading ［A］promoteritualistic［C］developonlinereading［D］achieveimmersive找Thebesttitleforthistextcould［A］HowtoEnjoyEasy［B］HowtoSetReading［C］HowtoFindTimeto［D］HowtoReadAgainstabackdropofdrasticchangesineconomyandpopulationstructure人口结构youngerAmericansaredrawinganew21st-centuryroadmaptosuccess成功地图alatestpoll最近的测验hasfound.民调Acrossgenerationallines代际线,Americanscontinuetoprize珍视manyofthesame tones里程碑ofasuccessfullife,includinggettingmarried,havingchildren,owning拥有ahome,andretiringintheirsixties.Butwhileyoungandoldmostlyagreeonwhatconstitutes组成thefinishlineofafulfillinglife,theyofferstrikingly令人的differentpathsforreachingit.Onecross-generationmarkofasuccessfullife［A］havingafamilywithchildren［B］tryingoutdifferent［C］workingbeyondretirement［D］settingupaprofitableItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thatyoungpeopletend有公共服务的社区快节奏期［C］attachimportancetopre-maritalfinance［D］giveprioritytochildrenoutsidetheandtomaintainthatchildrenarebestservedbytwoparentsworkingoutsidetheYoungpeoplewhoarestillgettingstartedinlifeweremorelikelythanolderadultstoprioritize优先 alfulfillmentintheirwork,tobelievetheywilladvance促进theircareers职业生涯mostbyregularlychangingjobs,tofavor喜欢communities社区withmorepublicservices公共服务andafasterpaceoflife,toagreethatcouplesshouldbefinanciallysecure金融稳定beforegettingmarriedorhavingchildren,thesurvey社 Fromcareertocommunity社区andfamily,thesecontrasts对比suggestthatintheaftermathofthesearing灼热GreatRecession大 ,thosejuststartingout起步inlifearedefiningpriorities优先andexpectations期待thatwillincreasinglyspreadthroughvirtually实际上allaspects方面ofAmericanlife,fromconsumerpreferencestohousingpatterns住房toTheprioritiesandexpectationsdefinedbytheyoung［B］reachalmostallaspectsofAmericanlifeYoungandoldconverge会于一点ononekeypoint:Overwhelmingmajorities压倒多数ofbothgroupssaidtheybelieveitisharderforyoungpeopletodaytogetstartedinlifethanitwasforearliergenerations.Whileyoungerpeoplearesomewhatmoreoptimistic乐观thantheir