动词用法大全

动词用法时态：高考常见的时态：高考常见的8种时态。关键记忆构成不同时态的时间状语（如last,yesterday用一般过去式）主动语态常见时态的被动语态的构成语态常见时态的被动语态的构成语态非谓语动词得被动语态构成被动语态（bedone）非谓语动词得被动语态构成一般语气（陈述语气）一般语气（陈述语气）=常见时态的构成感叹句（感叹名词、形容词感叹句（感叹名词、形容词）Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+从句语气语气助动词（相应时态）+助动词（相应时态）+动词原形Idocareaboutyourfeeling.(我的确在乎你的感受)强调句强调句倒装句倒装句If引导的条件状语从句If引导的条件状语从句虚拟语气虚拟语气一坚持；二命令；三建议；四要求；外加一坚持；二命令；三建议；四要求；外加recommend,urgeurge特殊句式中虚拟语气如何变化谓语动词特殊句式中虚拟语气如何变化谓语动词todotodo：目的，将来主语，宾语，定语，表语，状语，补语doing:doing:主动，进行主语，宾语，定语，表语，状语，补语非谓语动词非谓语动词done:done:被动，过去完成表语，定语，状语，补语引言：英语中语气、语态的变化都是通过动词变形实现的，所以掌握动词的变形举足轻重。切记：要把示意动词充当谓语和非谓语动词要分开，非谓语顾名思义已经不是谓语动词了，所以它的用法和变形与动词时态是不一样的！记住：记住：todo:目的，将来，具体行为doing：主动，进行，一般行为done:被动，完成，过去非谓语类型不定式(todo)目的，将来动名词（现在分词）（doing）主动，进行过去分词（done）过去，完成充当句子成分主语，宾语，定语，表语，状语，补语主语，宾语，定语，表语，状语，补语定语，状语，补语,表语一般式todo/tobedone(被动)doing/beingdone(被动)done完成式tohavedone/tohavebeendonehavingdone/havingbeendone(被动)否定式NottodoNotdoingNotdone非谓语动词（todo,doing,done）句中充当得成分以及变形（务必牢记）：下面我们分门别类的讨论不同结构及用法：作主语动名词（doing）作主语Readingisanart.阅读是门艺术。Seeingisbelieving.眼见为实。改错：PlayTaijibenefitsourhealth.PlayingTaijibenefitsourhealth.（动词原形不能直接作主语，做主语要把动词名词化，变成doing或todo）Itis+nouse,nogood(fun,agreatpleasure,awasteoftime,abore...)等名词+doingsth.

Itisnousecrying.哭没有用。Itisnogoodobjecting.反对也没有用。

Itisagreatfunplayingfootball．打篮球很有趣。

Itisawasteoftimetryingtoexplain．设法解释是浪费时间。动名词（doing）thechildrenplayingthepark(thechildrenwhoareplayingthepark)后置定语（本质上是省略了引导词过去分词（done）abookwrittenin17C和系动词的定语从句）(abookwhichiswrittenin17C)动词不定式(todo)abuildingtobebuiltnextmonth(abuildingwhichistobebuiltnextmonth)作状语作-引导状语从句第一类：两动作由同一主语发出，把前面动作处理成分词引导状语从句。现在分词doing表示时间，原因，让步等状语。与主语是主动进行。1.Beingsick,hedidn’tgotowork.（原因状语）2.Havingnomoney,IborrowedsomefromJohan.（原因状语）3.TheIraqWarwentonformonths,killingalotofordinarypeople.（结果状语）4.Seeingfromthetopoftower,IsawabeautifulcityofParis.（时间状语）5.Walkingalongthebank,Imetafriend.（时间状语）6.Theycameintotheclassroom,singingandlaughing.（伴随状语）过去分词done表示时间，让步等状语。与主语是被动完成(过去)。1.Givenanotherchance,I’msureIwillbesuccessful.2.Seenfromthetopofthetower,Parislooksreallybeautiful.3.Followedbyadog,theoldmanoftentakesawalkinthepark.动词不定式todo表示目的，将来状语作状语。与主语是目的将来。1.Tofinishthejobontime,Ihavetohurrymysteps.2.Toreachtheairporttoseemysisteroff,Ihavetotakealift.第二类：前后句意不是同一个逻辑主语时，把前面表示时间、问题、天气、事物的名词或代词后的动词处理成分词引导状语从句：分词的独立主格结构。1.Theproblemsolved,hewentbackhome.(问题被解决)2.Timepermitting,wewillgooutingthisweekend.（时间允许）3.Thereporthavingbeenread,alivelydiscussionbegan.（报告被读完）作补语动名词(doing)作补语主动，进行doing作宾补和前面的宾语其实形成逻辑上的主谓关系。Ifoundabaglyingontheground.Thebosskepttheworkersworkingthewholenight.用doing形式作宾补的动词有：感官动词：see,hear,feel,smell,find,notice,observe,lookat,listento,等。Iseehimstealingmoneyfromthewomen.Canyousmellanythingburning?注意：感官动词+宾语+doing动作正在进行do（原形）动作完成weheardthetelephonering.weheardthetelephoneringing.使役性动词：have,set,keep,get,catch,leave,let,makeIwon’thaveyoudoingthat.我不能容忍你那么做。I’msorrytohavekeepyouwaiting.动词不定式(todo)作宾补目的，将来1）“动词+宾语+（not）todo…”，这类动词有：advise，allow，ask，beg，cause，direct，encourage，expect，forbid，force，invite，order，permit，persuade，remind，request，require，teach，tell，want，warn等。2）“动词+宾语+tobe…”，这类动词有：consider，declare，discover，feel，find，suppose等。Iknowhimtobealiar.Isupposehimtobeawayfromhome.3）“动词+宾语+do…”,这类动词有：feel，have，hear，let，make，notice，observe，see，watch等。还有两个词组：listento，lookat.例如：Shewon'tletmedoit.Iheardherlockthedoor.Wewatchedthechildrenplaygames.注意:这类句子变为被动结构时，不定式前加to。例如：Achildwasseentoenterthebuilding.Shewasoftenheardtosingthissong.help后的不定式可加to，也可不加to(美国人不加to时较多)，但被动结构中要加to。例如：I'llhelpyou(to)pushthecart.被动语态为：You'llbehelpedtopushthecart.4）“动词+介词短语+todo”Idependonyoutodoit.Iamcountingonyoutohelpmethrough.此类动词还有：shouttosb.todo，callonsb.todo，countonsb.todo，dependonsb.todo，waitforsb.todo等。练习：1.Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher___upfromchildhood.(1988全国)A.grow

B.grew

C.wasgrowing

D.togrow2.Theteacheraskedus___somuchnoise.(2003北京)A.don'tmake

B.notmake

C.notmaking

D.nottomake3.Myadvisorencouraged___asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.(2004北京)A.formetaking

B.metaking

C.formetotake

D.metotake4.Thefluisbelieved___byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.(2004上海)A.causing

B.beingcaused

C.tobecaused

D.tohavecaused5.-IsBobstillperforming？-I'mafraidnot.Heissaid___thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.(2005江苏)A.tohaveleft

B.toleave

C.tohavebeenleft

D.tobeleft6.Themotherfeltherself___coldandherhandstrembledasshereadtheletterfromthebattlefield.(2006上海)A.grow

B.grown

C.togrow

D.tohavegrown7.Energydrinksarenotallowed___inAustraliabutarebroughtinfromNewZealand.(2006上海)A.tomake

B.tobemade

C.tohavebeenmade

D.tobemaking过去分词(done)作宾补被动，过去（1）表示感觉和心理状态_感官_动词，如：see,hear,watch,feel,think,find,notice,listentoA.Ifindmymoneystolen.B.Hewatchedtheballoonblownaway.C.Hewasabouttoenterthehallwhenheheardhisnamecalled.归纳：see,watch,hear,notice等感官动词用于下列句型的区别：seesb.doing：表示动作正在进行seesb.do：表一个完成的动作，强调动作发生的全过程seesth.done：表示被动或完成。4.Isawhim__________thewindow.Isawthewindow___________.A.openB.openingC.opened(2)表示_“致使”意义的使役性动词，如：_make,get,have,help