2022-2023学年江苏省扬州市高二（下）期末英语试卷（含解析）

第=page11页，共=sectionpages11页2022-2023学年江苏省扬州市高二（下）期末英语试卷一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）AOneofthemostimportantaspectsofahealthycommunityisaclearplatformforcommunication.Herearesomeofthemforyoutousein2023.

●PartnerGroups

PartnerGroupsisacommonandfreeoptiontogatherandgrowacommunityoflike-mindedpeople.Whetheryou'reabusinessmanoranadvertiser，PartnerGroupscangetyourcommunityinfrontofmorepeoplethanalmostanyothercommunityplatform.WithalmosteveryoneonPartnerGroups，thememberswilloperatetheplatformeasily.

●Heartbeat

Heartbeatisanothercommunityapp，offeringmassupdatecapabilitiesandtheimportandexportofmemberdatawhenevernecessary.Heartbeatallowsforcontentmanagementandefficienteventmanagement.Userscanbuildanactivecommunitysothateverymessagemakesitswaytothepeoplewhoneedtoseeitthemost.

●Circle

Circleisacommunityplatformthatoffersabitofeverything.Customercommunities，educationcoursecommunities，start-ups，orclubscanallgetwhattheyneedtostarttheircommunities.Circleoffersawayforuserstobuildawell-organizedcommunity.Italsooffersalottoanexperiencedcommunitymanager.

●Discourse

Discourseisanopen-sourcecommunityappthatallowscommunitycreatorstobuildtheirownperfectplatform.Whilethismeansyoumayneedabitofbackgroundknowledgewithopen-sourcetools，italsomeansthatyourcommunitywilllookandfeelexactlythewayyouwant.Itrunsonallthemajorbrowsers（浏览器）sothateveryoneinyourcommunitycanparticipate.1.WhatcharacterdoesPartnerGroupshave？______A.Chargingusersforgoodservice.

B.Requiringtheprofessionaltraining.

C.Attractinguserswithsimilarinterests.

D.Helpingthecommunitymanagement.2.Whichappcanreflectcreators'purpose？______A.PartnerGroups. B.Heartbeat.

C.Circle. D.Discourse.3.Wherecanthetextbefound？______A.Insciencefiction. B.Inatechwebsite.

C.Inanentertainmentpaper. D.Inanartmagazine.BIntheU.S.A.，laborsongsaretraditionallystoriesofstruggleandpride，oftimelessdemandsforrespectandthehopeforabetterlife.Sometimestheyrepresentoldsongswithnewwords.Oneexampleis"WeShallNotBeMoved".Itusesthemusicandmanyofthesamewordsofanoldreligioussong.

Also，manyclassicAmericanlaborsongscamefromworkersinthecoalminesoftheSouth.Insomecases，therewereopenwarsbetweenoppressed（被压迫）laboractivistsandcoalmineoperators.Once，inHarlanCounty，companypolicesearchedforunionleaders.Theywenttooneman'shomebutcouldnotfindhimthere.Sotheywaitedoutsideforseveraldays.Thecoalminer'swife，FlorenceReece，remainedinsidewithherchildren.Shewrotethewell-knownsong，"WhichSideAreYouOn？"

ProbablythemostfamouslaborsongwriterinAmericawasJoeHill.HewasborninSwedenandcametotheUnitedStatesintheearly1900s.Heworkedasanunskilledlaborer.JoeHilljoinedtheIndustrialWorkersoftheWorld.Morethananyotherunion，theyusedmusicintheircampaigns，urgingmembersto"singandfight".OneofJoeHill'sbest-knownsongsis"CaseyJones".Itusesthemusicfromasongaboutatrainengineer.Intheoldsong，CaseyJonesisahero.Hebravelykeepshistrainrunninginverydifficultconditions.InJoeHill'sversion，CaseyJonesisnohero.Histrainisunsafe.Yethestaysonthejobafterotherworkershavecalledastrikeagainsttherailroadcompany.

AnotherAmericanlaborsongiscalled"BreadandRoses".Thattermwasconnectedwiththewomen'slabormovement.Thesongwasbasedonapoemcalled"BreadandRoses"byJamesOppenheim.ThepoemwaspublishedinTheAmericanMagazineinDecemberof1911.Atthattime，conditionsinfactorieswerealreadyanationalissue.In1911，afireataclothingfactoryinNewYorkhadtakenthelivesof146people.Thevictimsweremostlyimmigrantwomen.Thefollowingmonththerewasafamousstrikebytextileworkers.Duetotheencouragementofthepoem，theywonhigherpayandbetterworkingconditions.

Sincethen，laborsongsgainedmoreattention.Unionactivistsalsorealizethatlaborsongscanuniteandhelppeoplefeelstrong.Thiscanbetrueevenwhenthemusichasnothingtodowithunions.4.WhatcanweknowaboutJoeHill？______A.Hewasgoodatcreatingencouraginglaborsongs.

B.Hewasatraindriveragainsttherailroadcompany.

C.Hewasaleaderrunninglaborerunionsuccessfully.

D.Hewasfamousforsinginglaborsongsforworkers.5.Whatisthebackgroundof"BreadandRoses"？______A.Immigrantwomenfoundnojobtodo.

B.Workerscouldn'tgetoverallearnings.

C.Womenhadnorighttobetextileworkers.

D.Textileworkersworkedinhardconditions.6.Howdoestheauthorargueforhisopinion？______A.Byaskingquestions. B.Bylistingnumbers.

C.Bymakingcomparisons. D.Byprovidingexamples.7.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage？______A.Thewaythelaborsongsformed.

B.Thehistoryofthelaborunion.

C.Thereasonforlabormovements.

D.Theintroductiontolaborfreedom.CSomemilkdrinkerslikewhattheycall"realmilk，"alsoknownasrawmilk.Thisismilkthathasnotbeenhomogenized（均质处理的）orpasteurized（巴氏消毒的）.Homogenizationisthemixingprocessthatkeepsallthefatfromrisingtothetop.Pasteurizationkillsbacteriawithheat.Ultra-pasteurizedmilkisquicklyheatedtoanevenhighertemperature，whichkeepsitfreshinstoreslonger.IntheUnitedStates，healthofficialswarnthatdrinkingrawmilkcanbedangerousandevendeadly.Butthepopularityseemstobegrowingbecausesupporterssayrawtastesbetterthanpasteurized.

InallofthefiftystatesbutMichigan，peoplearepermittedtobuyrawmilkonlyforanimals.Butonlyfarmsintwenty-eightstatescansellitforhumans，underrestrictionsthatdifferfromstatetostate.PeoplemayalsobuyrawmilkinstoresinCalifornia，Connecticut，Maine，NewMexicoandSouthCarolina.Besides，somepeoplewholivewherethesaleofrawmilkisbannedgetitthroughasystemofcowshares.Peoplebuysharesofcows.Otherpeoplegetrawmilkthroughmilkclubsorcooperatives.Someoftheseclubsoperateoutsidethelaw.

In1924，theUnitedStatesPublicHealthServiceproposedrulesagainsttheinterstatesaleofrawmilk.Todayforty-sixstateshavepassedwhatisknownasthePasteurizedMilkLaw.TheexceptionsarePennsylvania，California，NewYorkandMaryland.Earlierthisyear，federalhealthofficialshadanotherwarningforthepublicaboutrawmilk.Theywarnedoftherisksfrombacteriaincludingsalmonella，E.coli，Listeria，campylobacterandbrucella.Thereisnomeaningfulnutritionaldifferencebetweenpasteurizedandrawmilk，assupporterssay.Andrawmilkisnaturalbecauseitdoesnotcontaincompounds（化合物）thatkillharmfulbacteria，assomealsosay.Amongthem，someactivistsaccusethegovernmentofaprejudiceagainstrawmilk.Theyarguethatoutbreaksofsicknessfromdrinkingitarenotaswidespreadasreportshavesuggested.8.Whydohealthofficialsconsiderrawmilkrisky？______A.Becauseitcontainstoomuchfat.

B.Becauseitistoofreshtodrinkatonce.

C.Becauseitholdsbacteriabadforhealth.

D.Becauseittastesbetterthanpasteurized.9.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout？______A.Howtopromoterawmilk. B.Howtooperatecowclubs.

C.Howtogetmilkforhumans. D.Howtogetaraw-milkpermit.10.Whydosomepeoplebuycowshares？______A.Totakeintheessenceofrealmilk.

B.Toobtainrawmilkascowowners.

C.Toformclubstosellrawmilklegally.

D.Toavoidpunishmentforsellingrawmilk.11.Whatisraw-milksupporters'commonview？______A.Rawmilkcannotcausesomesicknessatall.

B.Rawmilkcankillharmfulbacteriabyitself.

C.Rawmilkshouldbelegallyconsumednow.

D.Rawmilkshouldbetradedwithprejudice.DTakingatriptothegrocerystorewithanemptybellyisariskybusiness，asanyonewhoeverwenttothemarketonanemptystomachandexitedwithacart（手推车）fullofchipsandcookiescanprove.Wewonderhowourbrainworkswhenmakingbiggerdecisions.AstudyconductedbyresearchersfromtheUniversityofDundeeshowswhywemaywanttohaveasmallbitebeforemakingabigdecision.

BenjaminVincentfromtheUniversityofDundee'sPsychologydepartmentandhisco-authorJordanSkyrnkatested50peopletwotimes：oncewhentheyfollowedtheirnormaleatingpatternsandoncewhentheydidnoteatanythingduringtheday.Usingthreedifferenttypesofrewards（food，money，andsongdownloads），theteamdiscoveredthatwhenpeoplewerehungrytheywouldchooseasmallerrewardimmediatelyratherthanalargeroneinthefuture.Infact，theteamnotedthatwhenpresentedwiththeoptionofreceivingtherewardnowversus（与……相对）doubletheawardatsomepointinthefuture，participantswouldusuallyvolunteertowaitfor35daystoearnadoublebonus，butwhentheywerehungry，theysaidtheywouldonlywaitthreedays.

"Wewantedtoknowwhetherbeinginastateofhungerhadaspecificeffectonhowyoumakedecisionsonlyrelatingtofoodorifithadbroadereffects，andthisresearchsuggestsdecision-makinggetsmorepresent-focusedwhenpeoplearehungry，"Vincentsaidinastoryaboutthestudyontheuniversity'swebsite.

InanearlierstudyofthesubjectbyateamatCambridgeUniversityinEngland，theresearchersnotedthatserotonin（血清素）playsanimportantroleinthedecision-makingprocess."Sincetherawmaterialformakingserotonin—anaminoacid（氨基酸）calledtryptophan—onlycomesfromdiet，levelsofthechemicaldeclinebetweenmeals，"reportsapieceintheTelegraphaboutthestudy."Thiscanleadtodecision-makingresistanceandthoughtlessness，"saytheteam."Somefoodsareparticularlyrichintheaminoacid，notablychickensoupandchocolate.Redmeat，dairyproducts，nuts，seeds，bananas，tuna，shellfish，andsoyproductsarealsogoodsources."Consequently，beinginastateofhungercanthrowyourdecision-makingoffbalance.It'sbesttograbasnackandrefuelbeforemakinganyimportantchoice.12.Whatcouldahungrycustomerdoatagrocerystore？______A.Purchasetoomanysnacks. B.Eatmorefoodthanusual.

C.Wanderlongerthanbefore. D.Buymanysmallnecessities.13.WhatdidVincentdiscoverinthestudy？______A.Hungermayhavenoeffectondecision-making.

B.Hungermaycausepeopletochooseaninstantprize.

C.Hungrypeoplepreferfuturerewardstopresentones.

D.Hungrypeoplearemorepatientthannon-hungrypeople.14.Whatcanadeclineinserotoninlevelsleadto？______A.Positiveinfluences. B.Negativeresults.

C.Energeticbehaviors. D.Favorableresponses.15.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext？______A.Howtomakeadietplanbeforeadinner

B.Wheretopickupfoodwhenshopping

C.Whynotchoosesnackswheninhunger

D.Whattoeatbeforemakingabigdecision二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）Isyourglassofmilkhalf-fullorhalf-empty？Thissayingisoftenusedtotestpeople'soutlookinasituation；dotheyfocusonthepositives（ahalf-fullglass）orthenegatives（ahalf-emptyone）？Thinkingpositively，withabeliefthatmostthingswillturnoutfine，iscalledoptimismandit'sknowntoboostyourwell-being.（1）______

Whyisthinkingpositivelygoodforyou？

Researchshowsthatpeoplewhoareoptimisticandthinkpositivelytendtoexperiencelessstressandcopewellwhenfacedwithlife'schallenges.Peoplewhoaremorepessimistic（expectthattheworstwillhappen）mayfindithardtobelievethatthesechallengeswillpass.Scientistshaveevenfoundthatthinkingpositivelycanmakeyoulivelonger.（2）______Thisisbecauseyoubelieveyourgoalsareachievableandwithinreach，whichencouragesyoutoworktowardsthem.

（3）______

Everybodycanworryfromtimetotime.Worryingcanhelptokeepyousafe.Ifyouwereneverworriedandweregreatlypositiveabouthowthingswouldturnout，youwouldn'trecognizerisks."Worryingisourbrainwarningusthattheremightbesomethingthreatening，whichfunctionsasafirealarm."sayschildpsychotherapist（心理治疗师）Rachel."Thetroubleisthatsometimesitgoesoffwhenthereisn'tahugedangertoface."（4）______

Youshouldlearntothinkpositively.

Optimismisshapedbyyourgenes，whichcarrycharacteristicsobtainedfromyourparents，andbywhathappenstoyou.（5）______Researchhasshownthatitcanhelptodraworwriteanoutcomethat'spositive，likeanimageofyouplayingguitarandhavingpassedyournextgrade.Imaginingthiscanmotivateyoutoworktoachieveit，suchaspractisingeverydayafterschool.

A.Worryingislikeafirealarm.

B.Avoidworryingisbeneficialtoourhealth.

C.Askingothersforhelppositivelymakessense.

D.Thegoodnewsisthateverybodycanlearntothinkmorepositively.

E.Whenthishappens，youcanfeelanxiousandhopelessaboutwhatliesahead.

F.However，whateveryourstartingpointis，youcanlearntobemoreoptimistic.

G.Beingpositiveaboutthefuturegoalscanmakeyouhappierandmoresuccessful.16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）ZibocityhasunexpectedlybecomefamousovernightonChinesesocialmediasincelateFebruaryforitslocalbarbecue.Thelatestpromotiongivesvisitors（1）______admissionto10touristattractionsinthecitywiththeirtrainticketaslongastheirfinal（2）______isZibo.

Thismeasure（3）______thepreviousround-trip"barbecuetour"trainbetweenJinanandZibo.Passengersonthetrainare（4）______byabanner（横幅）reading"WelcometotheSpecialBBQTrain".Theyalso（5）______itemsincludingleafletsaboutZibo'sculture，smallgiftsandsnacks.Manyalsotookvideosandpostedthemonsocialmedia，drawingmorevisitors."Thehigh-speedtrainsare（6）______withpassengers，"wroteonenetizen.

BarbecueispopularinChina，（7）______Zibo'sbarbecueisunique.It'smadeonastove，andis（8）______withflatbread（薄饼）anddressings（蘸料）.Theskewers（烤肉串）are70-80percentcookedbeforetheyarebroughttothetable，wheredinerscanfinishcookingthemontheirownstoves，whichlendsasenseof（9）______.

Thebarbecue（10）______becameahitafteragroupofcollegestudentsshotvideosofthemselvesenjoyingamealand（11）______them.Sincethen，manypeople，mostlytheyoung，have（12）______thecitytotrythedish.Onseveralstreets，（13）______canbeseenoutsidebarbecuerestaurants，whichstretchformorethan100meters.

Zibobarbecueisbringingmoreandmorepeopletothecity，andthelocalgovernmentneedstothinkabouthowto（14）______thecityasawhole，anditscultureandtourism.Thetrendwilleventuallyendifthelocalgovernmentdoesn'ttake（15）______follow-upmeasures.21.

A.formal B.free C.limited D.necessary22.

A.departure B.preparation C.destination D.quarter23.

A.follows B.inspires C.ensures D.affects24.

A.greeted B.blocked C.wrapped D.reminded25.

A.reject B.sell C.share D.receive26.

A.covered B.packed C.equipped D.surrounded27.

A.and B.or C.but D.so28.

A.steamed B.fried C.served D.boiled29.

A.direction B.community C.security D.participation30.

A.suddenly B.obviously C.slightly D.constantly31.

A.downloaded B.posted C.deleted D.hid32.

A.divedinto B.knockedinto C.pouredinto D.brokeninto33.

A.passers-by B.fires C.sights D.lines34.

A.promote B.transform C.beautify D.invest35.

A.temporary B.proper C.fair D.common四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）36.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Afarewellpartyfor22-year-oldYaYaatMemphisZootookplacelastSaturday.YaYa，agiantpanda，wassurroundedbybambooandgivenaspecialicecakemadeofgrapes，sugarcane（甘蔗），andcookies，（1）______（take）onaharmoniousscene，accordingtopicturesandvideossharedonline.

In2006，YaYabegantolightlyshedfur，（2）______skinissueleadingtofurloss，whichworsenedin2014.YaYa'shealth（3）______（weigh）onamajorityofChinesepeople.Andonline，peoplestartedpressingforYaYa'sreturntoChina.

SincetheChineseAssociationofZoologicalGardensreceivedreportsofYaYa'spoorhealthcondition，Chineseexpertshaveswung（4）______actiontoassistinthecareofYaYatoensureherhealthandwell-being."Contraryto（5）______mostnetizensmightassume，YaYaisinarelativelystable（稳定的）healthconditionotherthanthefurloss，havingagoodappetiteandstableweight.ChinawillgetYaYahome（6）______（safe）atthefastestspeed，"spokespersonofChina'sministryofforeignaffairs，WangWenbin，saidonTuesday.

OnApril27t，YaYareturnedtoShanghai，safeandsound.Oneofthelocal（7）______（resident）said，"ThenumberofpeoplewavingatYaYa'saircraftbeforeitlandsinShanghai（8）______（be）beyondourimagination.HavinganticipatedYaYa'sreturnforalongtime，we，atthismoment，areso（9）______（excite）!ItiscrucialthatYaYabeexposedtoafamiliarcircumstance（10）______isofgreatbenefittoherhealthrecovery."Toourshock，Chinesepeople'saffectionforYaYahasn'treduceddespitetheelapse（流逝）of20years.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）37.4月30日，振华中学为高二学生举办了主题为"学生择业指导与促进（GuidanceandPromotionofStudentCareerChoices）"的专家讲座，并取得圆满成功。请你用英语为校英文报撰写一篇报道，鼓励同学们明晰自己的职业与人生规划。内容包括：

（1）活动的时间和地点；

（2）讲座内容；

（3）活动反响。

注意：

（1）写作词数应为80左右；

（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

______38.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成完整的短文。

WithonlyaweekbeforeEasterknockedontheirdoor，Faith，theeldestdaughter，satatheroldsewingmachine—aspecialgiftfromherlatemotherasidefromhersewingskills.Herfather，George，losthisarminanaccident.

"Let'shaveafestivedinner，Dad!"shetoldGeorge."Wehaven'tcelebratedanythingsinceMom'sdeath."

"Honey，Ibarelyhaveanymoneyleft."

"But，"headded."Icanbuysomegroceriestomakeabigone."

"Perfect!"Faithscreamed.

Inthestreet，noonenoticedGeorgecarryingthegroceriesalonewithonlyonearm.Oneofhisshoppingbagsslippedandheknelttopickitup，unawareofanSUVrushingtowardhim.TheharmwasdonebeforeGeorgecouldact，withgroceriesscatteringeverywhere.

Faithturnedaroundafterhearingherfatherscreambutcouldn'tlocatehim.Whenshedasheddownthestreet，shefoundGeorgeinfrontoftheSUV.

Thedriverwasrushingtogettoameetinganddidn'tnoticeGeorge.ShestuffedthemoneyinGeorge'sfistandwasabouttoleave.ButGeorgerefused.

"Imaybepoor，butIcan'ttakeit.Myfatherdidn'traisemetobecomesuchaman.HaveagoodEaster.Trytobemoreempathetictoothersifpossible!"

Therichwomancouldn'tbelieveit.

"Sorry，Faith.YouhavetogothroughEasterwithoutadinner."Georgesaid.

"Dad，don'tsaythat，"Faithwrappedherarmsaroundherfatherandtoldhimnottoworry.Shehadabrilliantidea!

Forthenexttwodays，Faithdidn'tsleepawink（整夜未合眼）.Shesatatheroldsewingmachine，makingnewgarments（服装）foranonlinesale.Luckily，everyonelovedFaith'sdesigns.

OnEastermorning，FaithgotastrangemessagefromawomannamedEmma，whowasinterestedinherdesignsandwantedtomeether.Faithwassodelightedandwroteareply，acceptingthemeeting.

Thenextday，Faithgotupearly，Georgepreparingbreakfast.Whensheheardthesoundoftires，sheracedtothewindowandsawafamiliarSUVpullup.

注意：

（1）续写词数应为150左右；

（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

AsFaithopenedthedoor，followedbyGeorge，shefoundherselfface-to-facewithafashionwomanshe'dneverforget.______

EmmaboughtthedressfromFaith，andFaithtookthemoneypolitely._________

答案和解析1~3.【答案】C、D、B【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一节PartnerGroups中PartnerGroupsisacommonandfreeoptiontogatherandgrowacommunityoflike-mindedpeople.（PartnerGroups是一种常见且免费的选择，可以聚集和发展志同道合的人的社区）和WithalmosteveryoneonPartnerGroups，thememberswilloperatetheplatformeasily.（由于几乎所有人都在合作伙伴组中，成员将轻松操作平台）可知，PartnerGroups允许有共同兴趣的人们在线聚集、讨论并分享内容，它免费且易于使用，使其成为许多人的选择。所以PartnerGroups对兴趣爱好相似的人群有吸引力。故选C。

（2）细节理解题。根据第四节Discourse中Discourseisanopen-sourcecommunityappthatallowscommunitycreatorstobuildtheirownperfectplatform.Whilethismeansyoumayneedabitofbackgroundknowledgewithopen-sourcetools，italsomeansthatyourcommunitywilllookandfeelexactlythewayyouwant.（Discourse是一个开源的社区应用程序，允许社区创作者建立自己的完美平台。虽然这意味着你可能需要一些开源工具的背景知识，但这也意味着你的社区将以你想要的方式呈现和感受）可知，Discourse是一款开源的社区应用程序，这意味着社区创建者可以根据自己的需求和喜好来定制平台，相比之下，其他社区应用程序如PartnerGroups，Heartbeat和Circle也提供了一些自定义选项，但它们的自定义程度远不及Discourse。因此，Discourse是一款很适合创建者意图的应用程序。故选D。

（3）文章出处题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了2023年最佳社区应用程序，旨在帮助社区创作者和使用者建立并发展社区，包括PartnerGroups，Heartbeat，Circle和Discourse。这四种应用程序各具特点，主要用于建立和发展社区的平台。所以文章最有可能是来源于技术类的网站。故选B。

本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了2023年最佳社区应用程序，旨在帮助社区创作者和使用者建立并发展社区，包括PartnerGroups，Heartbeat，Circle和Discourse。这四种应用程序各具特点，主要用于建立和发展社区的平台。其中Partner

Groups是一个常见且免费的选项，可以聚集和扩大志同道合的人群。Heartbeat是另一个社区应用程序，提供大规模更新功能和成员数据的导入和导出。Circle是一个提供各种功能的社区平台，适用于客户社区、教育课程社区、创业公司或俱乐部。Discourse是一个开源的社区应用程序，允许社区创建者构建自己理想的平台。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

4~7.【答案】A、D、D、A【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第三段ProbablythemostfamouslaborsongwriterinAmericawasJoeHill.HewasborninSwedenandcametotheUnitedStatesintheearly1900s.Heworkedasanunskilledlaborer.JoeHilljoinedtheIndustrialWorkersoftheWorld.Morethananyotherunion，theyusedmusicintheircampaigns，urgingmembersto"singandfight".OneofJoeHill'sbest-knownsongsis"CaseyJones".Itusesthemusicfromasongaboutatrainengineer.Intheoldsong，CaseyJonesisahero.Hebravelykeepshistrainrunninginverydifficultconditions.InJoeHill'sversion，CaseyJonesisnohero.Histrainisunsafe.Yethestaysonthejobafterotherworkershavecalledastrikeagainsttherailroadcompany.（美国最著名的劳工歌曲作者可能是乔•希尔。他出生于瑞典，20世界初期来到美国。他是一名非熟练工人。乔•希尔加入了世界产业工人组织。他们比其他任何工会都更多地在竞选中使用音乐，敦促成员"唱歌和战斗"。乔•希尔最著名的歌曲之一是《凯西琼斯》。它使用了一首关于火车工程师的歌曲中的音乐。在老歌中，凯西琼斯是一个英雄。他勇敢地让他的火车在非常困难的条件下运行。在乔•希尔的版本中，凯西•琼斯不是英雄。他的火车不安全。然而，在其他工人呼吁对铁路公司进行罢工后，他仍然留在工作岗位上。）可知JoeHill是擅长创作鼓动工人战斗的劳动歌曲的。故选A项。

（2）细节理解题。根据第四段的The

song

was

based

on

a

poem

called

"Bread

and

Roses"

by

James

Oppenheim.The

poem

was

published

in

The

American

Magazine

in

December

of

1911.At

that

time，conditions

in

factories

were

already

a

national

issue.（这首歌是根据詹姆斯•奥本海姆的一首名为"面包和玫瑰"的诗改编的。这首诗于

1911

年

12

月发表在《美国杂志》上。当时，工厂的条件已经是一个全国性的问题。）

可知那时的纺织工人的工作状况是很糟糕的。故选D项。

（3）推理判断题。根据第三段中Probably

the

most

famous

labor

songwriter

in

America

was

Joe

Hill.（美国最著名的劳工歌曲作者可能是乔•希尔。）即第四段段中Another

American

labor

song

is

called

"Bread

and

Roses"

（另一首美国劳工歌曲叫《面包与玫瑰》），结合第一段提到劳动歌曲《我们不应该被感动》，之后第二段提到《凯西琼斯》，可知本文主要是通过列举多个劳动歌的创作过程展开文章的。故选D项。

（4）主旨大意题。根据第一段In

the

U.S.A.，labor

songs

are

traditionally

stories

of

struggle

and

pride，of

timeless

demands

for

respect

and

the

hope

for

a

better

life.Sometimes

they

represent

old

songs

with

new

words.One

example

is

"We

Shall

Not

Be

Moved".It

uses

the

music

and

many

of

the

same

words

of

an

old

religious

song.（在美国，劳工歌曲传统上是斗争和骄傲的故事，是对尊重和对更好生活的希望的永恒要求。有时他们用新词代表老歌。一个例子是《我们不应该被感动》。它使用了一首古老的宗教歌曲的音乐和许多相同的单词。），再结合紧随其后列举的乔•希尔的劳动歌曲，以及第三段提到的《面包与玫瑰》，可知本文主要通过举例的写作方式阐述了它们关于斗争和骄傲的故事内容讲述的是劳动歌曲产生的背景。A．The

way

the

labor

songs

formed.劳动歌曲形成的方式；B．The

history

of

the

labor

union.工会的历史；C．The

reason

for

labor

movements.劳工运动的原因；D．The

introduction

to

labor

freedom.劳动自由导论。故选A项。

本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了美国的劳动歌曲。通过举例的写作方式阐述了它们关于斗争和骄傲的故事内容，表达了劳动者对更好生活的希望和要求。

一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。

阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。

二、看题干，带着问题读文章。

首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。

三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。

在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。

四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。

猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

8~11.【答案】C、C、B、C【解析】（1）推理判断题。由本文第一段中的关键句Somemilkdrinkerslikewhattheycall"realmilk，"alsoknownasrawmilk.Thisismilkthathasnotbeenhomogenized（均质处理的）orpasteurized（巴氏消毒的）.Homogenizationisthemixingprocessthatkeepsallthefatfromrisingtothetop.Pasteurizationkillsbacteriawithheat.Ultra-pasteurizedmilkisquicklyheatedtoanevenhighertemperature，whichkeepsitfreshinstoreslonger.（一些牛奶饮用者喜欢他们所谓的"真正的牛奶"，也称为生牛奶。这是未经均质处理或巴氏消毒的牛奶。均质化是防止所有脂肪上升到顶部的混合过程。巴氏杀菌法用热量杀死细菌。超巴氏杀菌牛奶被迅速加热到更高的温度，使其在商店中保持更长时间的新鲜。）可知生牛奶必须经过均质处理和巴氏消毒两个程序，其目的在于杀死生牛奶中的能够致病的细菌。故选C。

（2）段落大意题。由本文第二段的内容In

all

of

the

fifty

states

but

Michigan，people

are

permitted

to

buy

raw

milk

only

for

animals.But

only

farms

in

twenty-eight

states

can

sell

it

for

humans，under

restrictions

that

differ

from

state

to

state.People

may

also

buy

raw

milk

in

stores

in

California，Connecticut，Maine，New

Mexico

and

South

Carolina.Besides，some

people

who

live

where

the

sale

of

raw

milk

is

banned

get

it

through

a

system

of

cow

shares.People

buy

shares

of

cows.Other

people

get

raw

milk

through

milk

clubs

or

cooperatives.Some

of

these

clubs

operate

outside

the

law.（在除密歇根州以外的所有五十个州，人们只被允许为动物购买生奶。但只有二十八个州的农场才能在各州不同的限制下将其出售给人类。人们也可以在加利福尼亚州、康涅狄格州、缅因州、新墨西哥州和南卡罗来纳州的商店购买生牛奶。此外，一些居住在禁止销售原奶的人通过奶牛股份制度获得。人们购买奶牛的股票。其他人通过牛奶俱乐部或合作社获得生牛奶。其中一些俱乐部在法律之外运作。）可知主要讲述了如何为人类获取牛奶。故选C。

（3）推理判断题。由本文第二段中的关键句Besides，some

people

who

live

where

the

sale

of

raw

milk

is

banned

get

it

through

a

system

of

cow

shares.People

buy

shares

of

cows.Other

people

get

raw

milk

through

milk

clubs

or

cooperatives.Some

of

these

clubs

operate

outside

the

law.（此外，一些生活在生牛奶销售被禁止的地方的人通过奶牛股份制度来获得生牛奶。人们买牛的股份。其他人通过牛奶俱乐部或合作社获得生牛奶。这些俱乐部中有些是非法经营的。）可知有些人购买奶牛股份是为了作为奶牛所有者获得生牛奶。故选B。

（4）细节理解题。由本文最后一段中的关键句There

is

no

meaningful

nutritional

difference

between

pasteurized

and

raw

milk，as

supporters

say.And

raw

milk

is

natural

because

it

does

not

contain

compounds

（化合物）

that

kill

harmful

bacteria，as

some

also

say.Among

them，some

activists

accuse

the

government

of

a

prejudice

against

raw

milk.（正如支持者所说，巴氏灭菌牛奶和生牛奶之间没有任何有意义的营养差异。还有人说，生牛奶是天然的，因为它不含杀死有害细菌的化合物。其中，一些活动人士指责政府对生奶有偏见。）可知生奶支持者的普遍观点是生奶现在应该合法食用。故选C。

本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了美国大多数州有禁止销售生牛奶的规定。当今，已有46个州通过了所谓的《巴氏杀菌牛奶法》，支持者和反对者对此各有观点。

阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。

12~15.【答案】A、B、B、D【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段中的Takingatriptothegrocerystorewithanemptybellyisariskybusiness，asanyonewhoeverwenttothemarketonanemptystomachandexite