心血管外科常用药物及常规使用方法

心血管外科常用药物及常规使用方法（2012-6版）种类药物配制方法常规使用剂量血管活性药物多巴胺(Dopamine)Kg×3mg→50ml1ml/h=1µg/kg/min2-10µg/kg/min多巴酚丁胺(Dobatamine)Kg×3mg→50ml1ml/h=1µg/kg/min2-10µg/kg/min异丙基肾上腺素(Isoproterenol)小儿：Kg×0.3mg→50ml1ml/h=0.1µg/kg/min0.02µg/kg/min起成人：Kg×0.03mg→50ml1ml/h=0.01µg/kg/min0.02µg/kg/min起肾上腺素(Epinephrine,Adr)小儿：Kg×0.3mg→50ml1ml/h=0.1µg/kg/min0.02-0.2µg/kg/min成人：Kg×0.03mg→50ml1ml/h=0.01µg/kg/min0.02-0.2µg/kg/min去甲肾上腺素(Noradrenaline,NE)小儿：Kg×0.3mg→50ml1ml/h=0.1µg/kg/min0.02-0.2µg/kg/min成人：Kg×0.03mg→50ml1ml/h=0.01µg/kg/min0.02-0.2µg/kg/min米力农(Milrinone)Kg×0.3mg→50ml1ml/h=0.1µg/kg/min25-75µg/kg首次iv（缓慢）0.25-1µg/kg/min硝酸甘油(Nitroglycerine)小儿：Kg×3mg→50ml1ml/h=1µg/kg/min0.2µg/kg/min起成人：Kg×0.3mg→50ml1ml/h=0.1µg/kg/min0.2µg/kg/min起硝普钠(Nitroprusside)小儿：Kg×3mg→50ml1ml/h=1µg/kg/min0.2µg/kg/min起成人：Kg×0.3mg→50ml1ml/h=0.1µg/kg/min0.2µg/kg/min起酚妥拉明(Phentolamine)Kg×0.3mg→50ml1ml/h=0.1µg/kg/min0.2µg/kg/min起前列腺素E1(Prostaglandin)Kg×0.3mg→50ml1ml/h=0.1µg/kg/min0.05-0.1µg/kg/min开搏通(Captopril)小儿口服参考量0.5mg/Kg/次2-3次/天po.利尿剂速尿（呋塞米）(Furosemide)小儿单剂参考量0.3-0.5mg/Kg/次iv1mg/Kg/次po200mg/20ml1ml=10mg0.5-4ml/h5-20mg/次双氢克尿塞(Dihydrochlorothiazide)小儿口服参考量1mg/Kg/次po安体舒通(Aldactone)小儿口服参考量1mg/Kg/次po镇静止痛药丙泊酚(Proplfol)小儿慎用成人原液5-20ml/h芬太尼(Fentanyl)小儿：Kg×200µg→50ml1ml/h=4µg/kg/h10-20µg/Kg/次iv4-8µg/kg/h吗啡(肺高压慎用)(Morphina)小儿：Kg×1mg→50ml1ml/h=20µg/kg/h0.1-0.2mg/Kg/次iv10-30µg/kg/h安定(Diazepam)小儿单剂参考量0.2-0.3mg/Kg/次iv咪唑安定(Midazolam)小儿：Kg×10mg→50ml1ml/h=0.2mg/kg/h0.05-0.1mg/Kg/次iv0.1-0.2mg/Kg/h成人：50mg→50ml1ml=1mg2-5ml/h咪达唑仑+芬太尼成人：咪达唑仑50mg+芬太尼0.5mg→50ml2-5ml/h非那根(Phenergan/Promethazine)小儿单剂参考量1mg/Kg/次iv10%水合氯醛(Chloralhydrate)小儿口服参考量0.3ml/Kg/次po抗心律失常药物利多卡因(Lidocaine)小儿：Kg×60mg→50ml1ml/h=20µg/kg/min1mg/Kg/次iv20-40µg/kg/min成人：原液1ml=20mg首剂：50-100mgiv维持量：3-12ml/h乙胺碘呋酮(Amiodarone)小儿：Kg×30mg→50ml1ml/h=10µg/kg/min5mg/Kg/次iv(缓慢)5-15µg/kg/min成人：300mg→50ml1ml=6mg负荷量：150mgiv10min维持量：30-180mg/h艾司洛尔(Esmolol)Kg×30mg→50ml10ml/h=0.1mg/kg/min0.5-1mg/Kg/次iv0.05-0.3mg/Kg/min200mg→100ml根据心率缓慢静点山莨菪碱654-2小儿：0.3-0.5mg/Kg/次iv成人：5-10mg/次im1-5mg/次iv阿托品(Atropin)小儿：0.01-0.03mg/Kg/次iv成人：0.5-1mg/次iv止血药维生素K110mg/次iv止血敏小儿0.125-0.25/次iv（缓慢）成人0.5g→100ml100mlivgtt立止血小儿0.5-1单位iv+im成人1单位iv+1单位im其他甲氰咪呱(Cimetidine)小儿单剂参考量10-15mg/Kg/次iv雷尼替丁(Ranitidine)小儿单剂参考量1mg/Kg/次iv西米替丁(Cimetidine)200mg→20ml成人：20mliv慢q6h洛赛克(Losec/Omeprazole)小儿单剂参考量10-40mg/次iv成人：40mg→10ml40mg/次iv慢1-2次/天5%氯化钙(CalciumChloride)小儿单剂参考量0.2ml/Kg/次iv成人10-20ml//次iv20ml加入液体中10%葡萄糖酸钙(CalciiGluconate)小儿单剂参考量0.5ml/Kg/次iv成人5-10ml/次iv10ml加入液体中地塞米松(Dexamethasone)小儿单剂参考量0.2mg/Kg/次iv成人5-10mg/次iv甲基强的松龙(Methylprednisolone)小儿单剂参考量2.5-3mg/Kg/次iv万可松(Vecuronium)小儿单剂参考量0.1mg/Kg/次iv成人4mg/次iv氨茶碱(Amiophylline)成人：0.5g→50ml2-4ml/小时静脉泵入，最大量1g/日小儿：0.25→50ml1ml/h=5mg/h负荷量：4-6mg/kg，30分钟维持量：0.5-1mg/kg/h喘定(Dyphylline)小儿：10-20mg/Kg/次iv1-2次/天成人0.25-0.75g→100ml0.25-0.75g/次ivgtt沐舒坦(Ambroxol/Mucosolvin)小儿15-30mg/次ivq6h成人15mg雾化，15mgiv5%NaHCO3BE*0.5*Kg=ml数20%甘露醇(Mannitol)小儿2.5-5ml/Kg/次快速点滴成人125-250ml/次，静点q8-q12h甘油果糖(GlycerinFructose)小儿10ml/Kg静点q12h成人250-500ml/次，静点q12h-qd小儿术后常用镇静止痛联合用药芬太尼1mg+万可松4mg+咪唑安定20mg(纯液)，通常剂量为2ml/h1ml/h=芬太尼40µg/h万可松160µg/h咪唑安定0.8mg/h小儿洋地黄化和维持剂量表24小时内洋地黄化剂量（mg/kg）24小时内维持剂量（mg./kg）患儿年龄 口服肠道外口服肠道外新生儿和婴儿0.040.030.0150.01>1个月和<