高考总复习代词讲解

代词的用法代词在近几年高考试题中的复现率为100%，每年至少测试一道题。测试代词常用对话形式，构成特定语境，考察考生灵活运用代词的能力。代词指代的围、作主语时主谓一致的用法、易混不定代词的细微差异都是高考的必考点。其中不定代词one,theone,ones与that,those,it的用法区别。代词的概念：代词是指代替名词以与起名词作用的词、短语或句子的词。主要分人称代词、物主代词、反身代词相互代词、不定代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词。代词的分类：'分类人称数量f人称代词物主代词反身代词主格宾格形容词性名词性第一人称单数Imemyminemyself第二人称单数youyouyouryoursyourself第二人称单数hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitself第一人称复数weusouroursourselves第二人称复数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称复数theythemtheirtheirsthemselves一．人称代词分清主格和宾格形式,主格主要用作主语,宾格主要宾语和表语。Iboughtapresentforhim. 一Whoisit?一It'sme.二．物主代词：

名词性物主代词 在句中做主语、宾语、表语、补足语，构成双重所有格：afriendofmine。形容词性物主代词——只能起定语作用。通常：形容词性物主代词+名词二名词性物主代词例如：Thisisn'tmyshirt;mineisoverthere.注意：分清主格宾格，主语用主格，宾格主要宾语和表语形容词物主代词时候+名词Thepandaisitstop(attract).形容词性物主代词+名词二名词性物主代词Isithiscoat?No,itismine.练习：Shall (we)gotothezoobybusorbybike?Bobloves (he)motherverymuch.Whoboughtitfor (she)?Jimisaverygoodboy.Wealllike (he). (we)newmodelplanecanflyveryhigh.Ihavealovelycat, (it)nameisCarl.Thisis (he)bike.Shedoesn'tlike (she)newdressatall.isyellow.doone'sbestkeepone'swordsaveone'slifeinone'sopinionisyellow.doone'sbestkeepone'swordsaveone'slifeinone'sopinion10.物主代词构成的短语loseone'swayearnone'slivingholdone'sbreathmakeupone'smind三．反身代词:反身代词通常作宾语、表语和同位语。a.作宾语：Weenjoyedourselvesverymuchlastnight.Pleasehelpyourselftosomefish.b.作表语；be,系动词feel,look,seem之后Iamnotmyselftoday.ThepoorgirlinthepictureismyselfC.作同位语Thethingitselfisnotimportant.ImyselfCandoitwell.*．反身代词习惯用语。teachoneself自学enjoyoneself玩得快乐； seatoneself请坐dressoneself自己穿上衣服；helpyourselfto自取，随便吃一点 ；talktooneself自言自语；calloneslef自称makeoneselfunderstood使自己让别人理解；相互代词：有eachother和oneanother两组。eachother用于两个人或是物之间，译为“互相，彼此"；oneanother用于三个或是三个以上的人或物之间。Youtwoshouldhelpeachotherwiththeirstudy.Werespectoneanother.Weoftenpointouteachother'smistakes.指示代词：this,that,these,those,thesame(同样的)，such〔这样的〕，so〔这样〕.this(these)近指；this(these)—般指后面要讲到的事物〔将要发生〕e.g.Thisisanovelandthatisamagazine.Thisgiftisforyouandthatoneisforyourbrother.IlikethesesbooksbutIdon'tlikethose(books).Whathetoldmeisthis：hewantedtogotoBeijing.而that(those)远指，而that(those)常指刚提到或是已经完成的事情。e.g.Hedidn'tcome.Thatiswhyhedidn'tknow.That'sall,thankyou!such指前面所述提到的这样的人或事物，so代替一个句子或者短语所表达的事情，thesame指刚刚提到的同一个人或事物IhaveneverseensuchafunnyfilmAsfarasIknow,thereisnosuchcarinthisplace.Itisgoingtoraintonight.Ihopeso./Ihopenot.Iamthesameageasyou.Happynewyear!Thesametoyou.one,ones,theone,theones,that,those,itOnea/an+单数名词Ones复数名词TheoneThe+单数名词TheonesThe+复数名词ThatThe+单数名词/不可数名词〔尤其是有后置定语〕thoseThe+复数名词〔尤其是有后置定语〕It指代前面提到同一个事物Mypenislost.Imustlookforit.Mypenislost.Imustbuyone.Ipreferredrosestowhiteones.Theboyinthisclassareclevererthattheones/thoseinthatclass.ThepopulationofChinaisbiggerthanthatofIndia,(that二thepopulatior〕Thecellphoneswemadenowadaysarebetterthanthose/theonesmade2yearsago.练习：Ihavelostmyumbrella；I'mlookingfor .Ihavelostmyumbrella；IthinkImustbuy .Theumbrellayouboughtischeaperthan Ibought.Thewaterinthecupishotterthan inthepot.Therewereafewyoungpeopleandsomeolder inthehouse.Mary'shandwritingisfarbetterthan ofPeter.8.Ifound hardtogetonwithher.Hehassavedmylife.I'llneverforget .Don'ttakethenotebookaway.Mywifeisusing.ll.I'mmovingtothecountrysidebecausetheairthereismuchfresherthaninthecity.12.We'vebeenlookingathousesbuthaven'tfoundwelikeyet.13.Manywillfailtofindjobsorlosethetheyhave.总结：that可以指代可数单数或特指不可数名词，相当于“the+单数可数名词/不可数名词〃；those只能代替可数名词复数〔二thoseones或theones〕；one用来代替前面出现的单数可数名词〔泛指〕，相当于“a/an+单数名词〃；it指前面所指的同一物ones用来代替前面出现的可数名词复数〔泛指〕；theone用来代替前面出现的可数名词单数〔特指〕，有时可用that来代替；theones用来代替前面可数名词复数，有时可以用those来代替〔特指〕；—Whydon'twetakealittlebreak?—Didn'twejusthave ?A．it B．thatC．one D．thisTheParkersboughtanewhousebut willneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein．A．theyB．it C．one D．which六．不定代词：不明确指代某个〔些〕人或事物的代词。1、both,either,neither都表两者围，在句中作主语、宾语、定语，both可用作同位语。both意为"两者都"，either表"两者中任一个"，neither表"两者都不"。【2017全国卷】改错：Mr.andMrs.Zhangallworkinourschool.2、any，none，all表三者或三者以上围，any表任何一个、一些（不可数或复数概念，用于否认句、疑问句或条件从句中）；none表三者或三者以上中的哪一个都不；表示不可数物中的一点儿也没有；all整个的；所有的（三者或三者以上）；所有的（不可数）。E.g.Thisbookisagoodseller，soyoucanbuyitatanyshopinBeijing．Noneofusare/isperfect．Allofthevillagewasflooded．some用于肯定句或由情态动词引导的某种请求或是意愿的疑问句。Thereissomewaterhere.Wouldyouliketodrinksomemilk?练习：Toreachanagreement,sidesmustmakeconcession.Ifyourunaftertwohares,youwillcatch.Youcanwriteonside.Hewantstoinviteofhisfriendstohisbirthdayparty.Therearemanydoors.Agoldenkeycanopendoor.6.ofuscouldlivewithoutair.Therearetressonsides.Mr.andMrs.Liareteachers.Youcansitatendoftheboatifyoucankeepstill.Theresearchgroupproducedtworeportsbasesonthesurvey,butcontainedanyusefulsuggestions.LarryasksBillandPetertogoonapicnicwithhim,butofthemwantsto,becausetheyhavealotofworktodo.Alltheboyareclever,butofthemcanworkouttheproblem.Ihavemyjackets,youcantake ofthetwinsareinourclass.Wecouldn'tbuyanythingbecause oftheshopsopenedatthattime.Wewereallverytired,but ofuswouldliketohavearest.归纳总结：都都不任一两者多者局部否认：Allbotheveryoneeverybodyeverything以与every+名词都表示全部肯定；Noone,none,nobody,nothing以与no+名词表示全部否认当not出现在含有表示全部肯定的不定代词的句子中，不管not位置在哪里都表示局部否认Notallofthemsmoke.Theyarenotbothteachers.Alltheboysdon'tlikeEnglish.Suchathingcan'tbefoundeverywhere.3、 noone，nobody，none，nothing：noone,nobody表没有人，nothing指没有什么事物,none兼指人和物°None着眼于数量概念。特指的人或物一个也没有，一点儿也没有〃。一Howmanypeoplearethereinthehall?/Isthereanywaterinit?一None.一Whowantstogowithhim?一Noone（Nobody）.一Whatcanyouseeinthebottle?—Nothing.Whalisinthebollle?对比』Nolhing.（指东西〕对比』HowmuchwalerisihereiniheLollle?None.（指数量｝"—Whoisiniheclassroomlow?—Noone/Nobody・—HasanyoneseenmyLook?—NoTnoone/nobodyfhasseenyourbook）・—Howmanysludenlsarelhereinlheclassroom?-—None.（指数量〉4、 another，theother，theothers，other,othersanother表三者或三者以上畴中的任一；与数词连用，表〃再有〃，another+基数词+名词〔s〕二基数词+名词〔s〕+more；theother表两者中的另外那个，特指；theother+复数名词（或theothers）,另外那些，表示其余所有的人或物，用于特指；others（或other+复数名词）另一些，表余下人或物中的另一些，泛指。一Idon'tlikethis，showmeanotherone.Thereisanotherwayofdealingwiththeproblem.Whereshallwebeinanothertenyears?一Ifyouwanttochangeforadoubleroomyou'llhavetopay $15.A.anotherB.otherC.moreD.Each*Iwillstayhereforanotherthreedays.3moredays.3otherdays.Ihavetwobooks.OneisaboutEnglish,theotherisaboutFrench.Hehastwosons,oneisadoctor,theotherisafarmer.Therearemanybooksonthetable.SomeareEnglish,theothersareFrench.Hisideaswereoftendifferentfromothers.Somepraisehim,whileotherscondemnhim.搭配：l.one…anotherTolearnisonething,toteachisanother.Tosayisonething,todoisanother.some...others...有些……有些……；Someliketea,otherslikemilk.Somesayyes,whileotherssayno.3.one...theother...一个 （特指两者中的）另一个 Ihavetwobooks,oneisEnglish,theotherisFrench.4.Ontheonehand,ontheotherhand,一方面，另一方面Ontheonehand,Iamyourteacher,ontheotherhand,Iamyoufriend.练习：Theoldmanhastwosons.Oneisaworker, isateacher.Studentsareusuallyinterestedinsports.Somelikerunning;somelikeswimming; likeballgames.Wewereallverytired,but ofuswouldliketohavearest. ofthetwinsareinourclass.Boys,don'ttouchthemachines,oryoumayhurt .Wecouldn'tbuyanythingbecause oftheshopsopenedatthattime.5、every,eachEach指两者或以上的每一个，可作主语、定语或同位语，可跟of,every指三者与以上的每一个，只可作定语，且后只能接可数名词单数EachofushasanEnglishbook.EachstudenthasanEnglishbook

WeeachhaveanEnglishbook.EverystudenthasanEnglishbook.6、 few,afew,little,alittle,many,much复数名词概念Many许多afewFew很少，几乎没有止呂几不'有不可数MuchalittleLittle名词概念许多少许,有很少，几—占八、1乎没有Ihavemanybooks/muchmoney.Therearefew/afewapplesonthedesk.Thereislittle/alittlewaterinthebottle.练习：1 （很多）peopledon'thave（很多）food.（很多）mistakesarecausedbycarelessness.（很少）peoplecanlivetobe100yearsold.Youhavedonevery （很少）forme.Thereistimeleft.Hurryup.Thereistimeleft.Pleasedon'thurry.Comeinandhave（一点）whisky.少数）.8.ShehaswrittenmanybooksbutIhaveonlyread 少数）.7、anyone=anybody,anyone everyone二everybody,everyonesomeone=somebody,someone合写一般指人，分写那么人、物均可表示，另外合写后不接of,分写那么可接of。Weeveryoneshouldstudyhard.Everyoneofusshouldstudyhard.【注意】anyone,anybody表示任何人，anything表示任何事或物，强调个体；everyone表示每个人，everything表示每件事或物，强调全部。It用法Itissonoisyhere.这儿吵死了。Whattimeis_itbyyourcellphone？ItseldomsnowsinGuangzhou.

It'saboutonekilometerfromheretothepark.Thisismynewpen.Iboughtityesterday.一Whoseexercise-bookisthat? —It'shers.Whatabeautifulbaby!Isitaboy?一Whoisthemanoverthere?一ItmustbeJay.It'snousetalkingtohim.ItisimportantthatwelearnEnglishwell.Ithinkithardtowinthegame.Itisyouthatsheloves,notme.Iwouldappreciateitifyouacceptmyinvitation.Ihateitwhenyoutalkwithmewithyourfingerpointingme.15.Itishightimethatthebabywenttobed.根本用法指环境情况、时间、天气、距离。（如1一4）代替前文提到过的事物、前文的指示代词（that,this）。（如5—6）指动物、性别不详的婴儿、猜想不确定的人。（如7，8）用于表示感情的词的后边，如likelovehate,appreciate〔如13.14〕作形式主语（如9,10）itis+形容词+todoitis+名词+that…itis+形容词+that…itis+过去分词+that…it+不与物动词+that…形式宾语（如11）复合宾语中含有不定式，从句或者短语时候，用it做形式宾语构成强调结构。itis/was+被强调局部+that/who+其他（如12）Itistime（forsb.）todosth. 区分：Itis（high）timethatsb.didsth.（虚拟语气）练习：findhardtogetalongwithhim.Imakearuletolookaftertheold.Ihavemakeclearthatnobodyisallowedtosmokehere.Ihatewhenhecallsmeatwork.wasnotuntil11o'clockthatIwentbed.6.ItwasnotuntilIcamehereIrealizedthatthisplaceisfamousforitsbeauty.isimpossibleforhimtogetthereintime.Whereismydictionary?Ileftonthedesk.练习：WasitduringtheSecondWorldWar hedied?A.thatB.whileC.inwhichD.thenIs necessarytocompletethedesignbeforeNationalDay?A.thisB.thatC.itD.heIdon'tthink possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.A.thisB.thatC.itsD.itDoes matterifhecan'tfinishthejobontime?A.thisB.thatC.heD.itItwasnot shetookoffherglasses Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.A.when,thatB.until,thatC.until,thatD.when,thenIwasdisappointedwiththefilm.Ihadexpected tobemuchbetter.A.thatB.thisC.oneD.itItwasnotuntil1920 regularradiobroadcastsbegan.A.whileB.whichC.thatD.since isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.There B.This C.That D.ItItwasonlywhenIrereadthispoemsrecently Ibegantoappreciatetheirbeauty.A.untilB.thatC.thenD.soIhate whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.A.itB.thatC.theseD.themItistheabilitytodothejob mattersnotwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.A.oneB.thatC.whatD.itlike___intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.A.thisB.thatC.itD.one—Doyoulike___here?一Oh,yes.Theair,theweather,thewayoflife.Everythingissonice.(全国卷)A.thisB.TheseC.That D.itWeneededanewcupboardforthekitchen.SoPetermade___fromsomewood.(全国卷)A.it B.One C.HimselfD.anotherTheforeignMinistersaid," ourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace."(2004)A.ThisisB.ThereisC.ThatisD.Itis isreportedinthenewspaper,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.(2004)A.It B.As C.That D.What一Howoftendoyoueatout?(2004,) 一 ,butusuall