初中英语常考交际用语知识点及例句

交际用语【用法讲解】1.交际用语中考题型。1）单项选择这类交际用语考试题主要用小对话的方式来呈现，即两个或者三个句子就可以表达小的情景对话。这种考题主要涉及表示感谢、道歉、问候、介绍、告别、询问年龄、请求和允许、打电话、表扬和鼓励、个人喜欢和爱好、同意和不同意、邀请和应答、劝告和建议、希望和打算、约会、祝愿和祝贺、餐饮、看病、谈论天气、安抚和安慰、购物和谈论价格、问路、请求帮助和提供帮助等情景。对话一般较简单，情景单一，可能是答语的一部分或整个答语设空，也可能是询问信息的句子设空，一般提供三到四个选项，要求学生选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。例如：－Thankyouforthepresentyousentme.It’ssonice.A.No,thanks.B.Iamgladyoulikeit.C.Pleasedon’tsayso.D.No,itisn ’tsogood.〔解析〕答案是Bo从对话情景中理解上旬是表示感谢，当你听到别人的赞扬，不能按照中国人的思维习惯回答“不好、不好”，在西方交际用语不能这样谦虚，TOC\o"1-5"\h\z要为别人喜欢你的礼物感到高兴，所以选择 B。例如：－Shallwegocampingontheweekend?— .Theweatherforecastsaysitwillrainy.A.I’dloveto.B.Iamafraidwecan ’t.C.That’sagoodidea.D.That’sallright.〔解析〕答案是B。本题是考查对别人提出建议的应答，如果同意这个建议一般可以答“Goodidea.”，但从对话后面的回答提供的情景可知天要下雨去不成，所以此题的应答是 B。22）补全对话：22）补全对话：补全对话是考查学生的日常交际能力的另一个中考常用的题型，通常提供一个比较大的情景对话，一般都选用学生比较熟悉的情景，如打电话、购物、看病等，从中抽取一些句子或句子的一部分，要求学生根据对话的内容和情景，补全句子，使对话的内容和意思完整。也有的补全对话题把抽出的句子一起放在一个文本框中，有时还会给出一、二个多余的选项，学生必须根据对话的情景要求选出合适的句子，然后把序号填入空白处。这种题型一定要先通读对话，了解整篇对话的场景、说话人之间的关系、讨论的事件的线索等，再去选择选项，才能更准确地选择出正确的选项。这种情景交际用语的考查一般提供语言地道、对话情景具体、逻辑严谨和意义完整的交际情景，主要考查学生能否在不同的文化背景、不同的场合、对于不同的事情按照西方的文化风俗习惯和表达习惯用地道的英语来表达。例如：阅读并补全下列对话。1. ,sir?Yes,please.2. apairofsportsshoes.Whatsizedoyouwant,please?Sizetenoreleven.OK!Whataboutthispair?Sorry!I3. blackshoes.Oh.Wealsohavegotblueones.CanI4. on?A:Yes,please.5. eachpair?A:Thirty-fiveyuan.A:Thirty-fiveyuan.22)介绍B:Allright.Iwilltakeit.〔解析〕从对话的内容可以看出，对话的情景是购物，顾客想买一双运动鞋，是售货员和顾客之间的情景对话。理解了对话的主要情景和内容后，我们在补全对话的时候可以联想一些关于购物的日常交际英语。本空考查售货员经常用的日常交际英语，一般售货员用CanIhelpyou?或者WhatcanIdoforyou?来招呼顾客，所以本空可以填写这两个句子中任何一个。从对话下面句子的意思和情景可以判断是顾客想买一双运动鞋，所以本空填写Iwanttobuy/I’dlike/Iamlookingfor都可以。从对话售货员问“这双怎么样？”和顾客的回答可以理解是他不喜欢这双运动鞋，所以本空填写Idon’tlike或者Ihate。从对话上下句的情景可以判断本空是顾客询问能否试穿，所以填写MayItrythemon?从对话下面的回答是价格(Thirty-fiveyuan.)可以判断上面的句子是询问这双运动鞋的价格，所以用Howmuchiseachpair?来询问。2.需要熟练掌握的交际用语1)问候Hi!Hello!Goodmorning/evening/afternoon.Howareyoudoing?IamOK/fine./Thanksandyou?/Verywell,thankyou.Pleasesayhellotoyourparents./Pleasegivemybestwishestoyourparents.Sure./Allright.Mynameis Hello!Howdoyoudo?Iamastudent.Iamfrom….ThisisMr/Mrs/Miss.I’dlikeyoutomeetBob.Nice/Glad/Pleasedtomeetyou.3)告别Good-bye.Bye.Bye-bye.Goodnight.Seeyoulater/then/soon/tomorrow.Iamsorry.Ihavetogonow.4)感谢Thankyouverymuch./Thanksalot./Thankyouforyourhelp.It’sapleasure.That’sOK/allright.Youarewelcome.道歉Sorry.Iamsorry./Iamsorryforlosingyour…/Iamsorrytointerruptyou./IamsorryIamlate./Ibegyourpardon.tmatter./ItThat’sOK./It’sallright./Nevermind./Itdoesntmatter./Itnothing.请求和允许MayIcomein?Can/CouldIuseyour…？Would/DoyoumindifIopenthedoor?Yes,please.Sure.Certainly.That’sallright.Ofcourse，youcan.Iamsorry,it’snotallowed.Iamafraidnot.You’dbetternot.打电话Hello!MayIspeaktoTom?Hello!I’dliketospeaktoMr.Green?IsthatLiuHongspeaking?ThisisMary(speaking)./Maryspeaking.May/CanIleaveamessage?May/CanItakeamessage?I’llcallbacklater/again.I ’llringhim/herupagain.Hello!ThisisMaryspeaking.Hello,whoisthat?Holdon,please.Justamoment,please.Hello,whoisspeaking?Sorry,heisn’thererightnow.CanItakeamessage?Thislineisbad/busy.Sorry,Iamafraidyouhavethewrongnumber.1010)同意和不同意1010)同意和不同意88）表扬和鼓励Verygood！Welldone！Wonderful!Excellent!YouspeakEnglishverywell.Yourdressisverybeautiful.Comeon!/Keeptrying!/Youcandoit.Thankyou.OK!Iwilltryitagain.9）喜欢和爱好Thisbookisveryinteresting.Ilikethismovie.Iliketoplaycomputergames.Iliketakingphotos.Ienjoylisteningtothemusic.Iaminterestedin…Thissongisbad.Idon’tlikethemovieatall.Idon’tenjoycollectingstamps.Ihatetodomuchhomework.Ipreferbananas.IlikeEnglishbetterthanmath.Myfavoritecolorisblue.Sure./Certainly./Ofcourse.Allright./Iagree./Noproblem.That’sagoodidea.Yes,Ithinkso.Noway.Ofcoursenot.Idon’tagree.Idon’tthinkso.Iamafraidnot.11）邀请和应答Wouldyouliketogoforawalk?Youmustcometodinnerwithus.MayIinviteyoutodinner?What/Howabouthavingaswim?OK!Thankyou.I’dlikethat.Thanks.Yes,I’dloveto.Thatwouldbeverynice.No,thankyou.It’sveryniceofyou,butmymotherisill.I’dloveto,butIamafraidIhavenotime.IamsorryIcan’t.Whataboutanothertime?12）劝告和建议Youhadbettergotoseethedoctor.YoushouldlistentoandreadEnglisheveryday.YouneedtobuyaChinese-Englishdictionary.Don’trush/hurry/push.Pleasestandinline.Let’sgoandhavealook.What/HowaboutapicnicthisSunday?Whydon’tyoubuyacomputer?Whynotgotoamovie?13）希望和打算Iwillgowithyou.IamgoingtoseemygrandfatherthisSunday.Iwanttofindapenpal.IplantogotoHangzhouthissummer.Iamnotgoingtobuyacar.Iwishtoseeyouagain.Ihopetobecomeadoctor.Ihopeso./Ihopenot.1414)祝愿和祝贺1414)祝愿和祝贺Haveagoodday/time!Haveagoodjourney/trip.Goodluck!Enjoyyourself!Bestwishtoyou.HappyNewYear!/MerryChristmas!/Happybirthday!Thankyou.Thesametoyou.Congratulations!Welldone!餐饮Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat/drink?Whatwouldyouliketohaveforbreakfast/lunch/supper?Wouldyoulikesomefish?Helpyourselftosomefish.Yes,I’dliketodrink I’dlikericeandchicken.Justalittle,please.CanIhavesomesoup?It’ssodelicious.Thankyou.Ilikegreentea.Yes,please./No,thanks.看病What’sthematter?/What’swrongwithyou?Doyouhaveafever?Howlonghaveyoufeltlikethis?Howlonghaveyoubeenlikethis?It’snothingserious.Takethismedicinethreetimesaday.Youwillbebetter/allrightsoon.Ihaveaheadache./Ifeelterrible./Ifeelbad/awful./Idon’tfeelwell.Ihavegotapainhere.17)谈论天气What’stheweatherliketoday?/HowistheweatherinBeijing?It’snice/fine/beautifultoday.Whatacold/hotdaytoday!It’ssunny/cloudy/windy/rainy/snowy.It’sgettingcool/cold/warm/hot.购物Can/MayIhelpyou?/WhatcanIdoforyou?Howmany/Howmuchwouldyoulike?Whatcolor/size/kindwouldyoulike?Whataboutthisone?Hereisyourchange.I’dlike/Iwantapairofshoe.Howmuchisit/arethey?MayItryiton?It’stoobig/small.Sorry.It’stooexpensive.Doyouhaveanyothercolors/sizes?That’sfine.I’lltakeit.Justhavealook.问路Excuseme.Whereisthewashroom?Canyoutellmehowtogettothepostoffice?WhichbusgoestoWorldPark?WhichisthewaytotheBankofChina?CouldyoutellmethewaytothestationHowcanIgettoNo.4MiddleSchool?It’soverthere.It’sabout400metersfromhere.Godownthisstreetuntilyouseethetallredbuilding.Turnright/leftatthefirst/secondcrossing.YoucantakeNo.15bus.You’dbettertakeataxi.Iamsorry.Idon’tknow./Sorry,Iamastrangerhere.20）请求帮助和提供帮助Doyouwantmetocleantheroom?CanIhelpyou?Wouldyoulikemetohelpyou?WhatcanIdoforyou?Letmetakeyourbag.Yes,please./Yes,thanks./Thankyouforhelp.No,thanks./Thankyouallthesame./That’sverykindofyoubutIcandoitmyself.3.交际用语题解题技巧：1）了解英汉文化差异就称呼方面，在英美国家即使对长辈也可以直呼其名，在称呼别人的时候不能用表示职业的名词连用。例如：汉语中可以称呼警察叔叔、护士阿姨，但在英语表达的时候不能用PolicemanUncle，AuntNurse，这会使英美国家的人感到莫名其妙。我们经常称呼先生的时候和名字连用，而英美国家的人把Mr./Mrs/Miss和姓连用。例如：Mr.Green.MissWhite.。就问候和告别用语的差异，不同的文化和风俗习惯，人们的问候方式和告别方式不同，所用的表示法也不同。我们见面的问候是“上哪里去？吃饭了吗？”，而英美国家的人的问候是“Hello!Howareyou?”，如果我们用中国人的习惯去表达会使他们感到不愉快，他们认为这是他们的私人的事情，别人无权干涉。所