高中语法定语从句介词+关系代词-必修二

定语从句：介词+介词+关系代词1.用法

关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时,从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引导2.结构

先行词是人用

“介词+whom”

先行词是物用“介词+which”e.g.Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.

Thegirlaboutwhomwearetalkingisadoctor.我们正在谈论的那个女孩是个医生。他曾经上学的学校非常著名。知识结构图：“介词+关系代词”⑴先行词是⑵选介词介词+whom介词+which人物①介词与先行词的关系

②从句里谓语动词或形容

词的固定搭配

③句子表达的意义

介词+关系代词介词+关系代词:介词的选择根据先行词来确定介词Hewillneverforgetthedayonwhichhefailedintheexam.ThisisthevillageinwhichIstayedlastnight.IwillneverforgetthefarmonwhichIworkedwithyou.ontheday在那天inthevillage在乡村onthefarm在农场介词+关系代词:介词的选择2.根据定从中的谓语动词或形容词确定介词HeisthepersonfromwhomIlearnalot.TheWestLake,forwhichHangzhouisfamous,isabeautifulplace.ThemanwithwhomIshookhandsjustnowisateacher.learnfromsb.向某人学习befamousfor:因…..而闻名shakehandswithsb.与某人握手介词+关系代词:介词的选择3.根据主从句的句意确定介词

Air,withoutwhichmancan’tlive,isreallyimportant.Thepen,withwhichheiswritingnow,wasboughtyesterday.Thisismypairofglasses,withoutwhichIcannotseeclearly.介词+关系代词1.有些含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开,介词仍放在后面,如:lookfor,lookafter,lookforwardto,takecareof等e.g.Thebabywhomthenurseislookingafterisveryhealthy.

注意：Thewinterholidaythatwehavelookedforwardtoforalongtimeiscoming.ThisisthewatchIamlookingfor.介词+关系代词2.“介词+关系代词”前还可有不定代词(some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each等),数词,百分数,或形容词最高级修饰。Shehastwosons,bothofwhomaredoctors.

注意：Thereare40studentsinourclass,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.Ihavemanyfriends,thetallestofwhomisLee.介词+关系代词3.若先行词为时间名词,地点名词或reason,“介词+关系代词”可用相关的关系副词when,where,why替换e.g.Beijingisthecity_________________

hehaslivedmanyyears.

注意：Thereason________________hewaslateisn’tclear.Iremembertheday________________Igoabroad.inwhich=(where)onwhich=(when)forwhich=(why)介词+关系代词4.whose引导的定语从句,关系代词whose可替换为“the+名词+of+which/whom”或“ofwhich/whom+the+名词”e.g.注意：Iknowaboywhosefatherisadoctor.Iliveinthehousewhoseroofisred.=theroofofwhichisred.=ofwhichtheroofisred.=thefatherofwhomisadoctor.=ofwhomthefatherisadoctor.介词+关系代词:练习1.Doyoulikethebook________shespent$10.2.Doyoulikethebook_________shepaid$10.3.Doyoulikethebook___________shetalks?4.Theman________Ispokeisgoodatwriting.5.Chinaisabeautifulcountry,________weareproud.6.Thefactoryproducesamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%_________aresoldabroad.7.Twomen,neither_________Ihadeverseenbefore,cametomyoffice.onwhichforwhichaboutwhichtowhomofwhichofwhichofwhom1.

(2013•浙江卷)Thechildren,______hadplayedthewholedaylong,werewornout.A.allofwhat B.allofwhichC.allofthem D.allofwhom2.

(2013•重庆卷)Johninvitedabout40peopletohiswedding,mostof______arefamilymembers.

A.themB.thatC.whichD.whom介词+关系代词:练习DD4.Formanycitiesintheworld,thereisnoroomtospreadoutfurther,____NewYorkisanexample.

A.forwhich

B.inwhich

C.ofwhich

D.fromwhich5.Pleasepassmethedictionary______isblack.

A. B.whichcover

C.ofwhichthecover

D.itscover3.(2013•北京卷)Manycountriesarenowsettingupnationalparks______animalsandplantscanbeprotected.A.when B.which C.whose D.where=inwhichcoverofwhich

=thecoverofwhichDCC介词+whereHisheadsoonappearedoutofthewindow,fromwherehesawnothingbuttrees.他的头很快从窗口露出来，从那儿除了树木他什么也看不见。fromwhere相当于fromoutofthewindow,而不是fromthewindow.介词+whereTheystoodonthetopofthebuilding,fromwheretheycouldseethewholecity.他们站在楼顶上，从那儿能看到整个城市。fromwhere相当于fromthetopofthebuilding,而不是fromthebuilding.介词+关系代词+不定式Hewassavedanotherthousanddollarswithwhichtosupporthisfamily.=Hewassavedanotherthousanddollarswithwhichhecouldsupporthisfamily.介词+关系代词+不定式在这种结构中，若把介词移至句尾，whom和which必须省略。如：我已经找到一个方东西的房间。Ihavefoundaroominwhichtoputmythings.Ihavefoundaroomwhichtoputmythingsin.Ihavefoundaroomtoputmythingsin.wrong.“介词+关系代词”型定语从句五大考点归纳1.简单介词+关系代词知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词指人时只能用whom,指物时只能用which；介词选择的依据主要是根据从句中的动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配而定；

或者以先行词与从句中的动词关系及所表达的含义而定；或者以先行词在定语从句中的作用和含义而定，并且含有介词的短语动词不能拆开，介词仍然放在动词之后。高考考例：1.(2004全国卷)Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,__thesailingtimewas226days.A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich2.(2004全国卷)TheEnglishplay_______mystudentsactedattheNewYear'spartywasagreatsuccess.

A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich

3.(04上海)Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone____theycantalkfrequently.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom考点2复杂介词+关系代词

知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词有which,whom,whose。常用于该结构的复杂介词有：asaresultof,atthebackof,becauseof,bymeansof,forwantof,infrontof,incaseof,onaccountof等。例如：Wegottoahouseatthebackofwhich

wasalargegarden.

Isthereacertaintestbymeansofwhich

theNo.1willbedecided？考点3简单介词+关系代词+名词

知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词有which,whose。介词的选择取决于关系代词后的名词及整个句子的含义。高考考例：

(1995上海)Intheoffice,Ineverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30p.m._______timemanypeoplehavegonehome.

A.whoseB.thatC.onwhichD.bywhich考点4the+名词+of+关系代词

知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词只有which。该结构表示所有关系,口语中常用“whose+名词”代替。非正式文体中可以用“ofwhichthe+名词”。高考考例：(2000上海)RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,__wasveryreasona