冀教版八下英语课件-Unit-7-Know-Our-World-Review

八年级英语下（JJ）教学课件Unit7KnowOurWorldUnitReviewGrammar现在完成时一、现在完成时的基本结构现在完成时由“助动词have/has+过去分词”构成，其基本句式结构为：①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他.Ihaveseenthisfilm.②否定句：主语+have/hasnot+过去分词+其他.Ihavenotseenthisfilm.③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他?肯定回答：Yes,主语+have/has.否定回答：No,主语+haven't/hasn't.—Haveyouseenthefilm?—Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven't.和主语一致havenot=haven't;hasnot=hasn'thave/has常可缩略为-'ve/-'s二、过去分词的构成1.规则变化（与动词过去式规则一样，此类称作规则动词）一般在词尾直接加-ed以不发音的e结尾的，加

-d以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，改y为i加-ed重读闭音节以一个辅音字母结尾的，双写这个辅音字母后加-edwork→workedslice→slicedstudy→studiedstop→stopped-ed的读音规则：①在元音或浊辅音后读[d]，如tried[traɪd]，lived[lɪvd]。②在清辅音后读[t]，如worked[wɜːkt]，stopped[stɒpt]。③在[t][d]后读[ɪd]，如mended[mendɪd]，wanted[wɒntɪd]。三、现在完成时的用法1.

表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常和just（刚刚），already（已经），yet（还，仍然），ever（曾经），never（从未），before（以前），so

far（到目前为止）等连用。—Haveyouhadyourbreakfastyet?—Yes,Ihave.I'vejusthadit.—Haveyoueverheardthissong?—No.I'veneverhearditbefore.Juliahascollectedover100beautifulhairclipssofar.现在完成时用法1：表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。pastIhadbreakfast.I'mnothungrynow.presentIhavealreadyhadbreakfast.（早餐过去吃的，现在不饿。）图示法表示2.

现在完成时还可以表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与“for+时间段”或“since+时间点/从句”连用，这时要用延续性动词。Theyhaveworkedinthiscompanyfor30years.Hehasbeeninthearmysince2016.（错：Hehasjoinedthearmysince2016.）【特别提醒】如果要对for或since短语提问，疑问词用howlong。—Howlonghaveyoulivedinthisarea?—Foratleast10years.现在完成时用法2：表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。图示法表示pastImovedherein1990.Istilllivehere.

presentIhave

livedherefor30years.(30年来一直生活在这里）【拓展延伸】部分非延续性动词（词组）和与之对应的延续性动词（词组）的表达。非延续性动词（词组）延续性动词（词组）becomebeborrowkeepbuyhavegetupbeupfallasleepbeasleepmakefriendsbefriendsfinishbeoverleavebeaway(from)非延续性动词（词组）延续性动词（词组）openbeopenclosebeclosedlosebelostdiebedeadjoinbeamemberof/beinbegin/startbeoncome/gobehere/thereturnon/offbeon/offhave/hasbeento表示“曾经去过某地”，暗含现在已不在那里了。后可接次数，如once,twice,threetimes等，表示“去过某地几次”，也可和just，never，ever等连用。MysisterhasbeentoDaliantwice.我姐姐去过大连两次。HaveyoueverbeentotheWestLake?你曾经去过西湖吗?have/hasgoneto表示“去某地了”，暗含说话时该人不在现场。—WhereisJim?吉姆在哪里?—HehasgonetoEngland.他去英国了。(尚未回来)四、have/hasbeento与have/hasgoneto的区别五、现在完成时VS一般过去时现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，因此不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。Ihavealreadydonemyhomework.（不能用lastnight等）I'vebeentoParisbefore.（不能用lastyear等）2.一般过去时只表示过去的动作和状态，与现在无关。可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。Ididmyhomeworklastnight.WhendidyougotoParis?（when一定不要和现在完成时连用）3.

日常对话中通常两种时态配合使用，开始提到一件事做没做或发生过时用现在完成时，说起这件事具体情形时用一般过去时。—HaveyoubeentoJapan?—Yes,Ihave.Iwenttherelastyear.—Whodidyougowith?—…被动语态语态是动词的一种形式,用来表示主语和谓语之间的关系。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。一、被动语态的基本结构a.Themathteacherisrespectedbyallhisstudents.数学老师被他所有的学生尊敬。b.Thetruckwasmadein1958.这辆卡车制造于1958年。c.ThemeetingwillbeheldinSeptember.会议将在九月举行。d.Mycarisbeingrepairednow.现在我的车正在被修理。e.Thequalityofourproductshasbeengreatlyimproved.我们产品的质量已大大提高了。f.Theroommustbekeptclean.房间必须保持干净。二、被动语态的用法（1）当动作的执行者不必或不易说出时，用被动语态。Theflowersarewateredeverymorning.（2）需要突出动作的承受者时，用被动语态。动作的执行者由by引出且置于谓语动词之后，也可省略。Thenewteacherislikedbyallthestudents.（3）表示“据说，据报道，人们相信”等，常用“Itis+过去分词+that从句”句型。Itisbelievedthatbothofthechairswererepairedbyhim.（4）文章的标题、广告、新闻等用语也常使用被动语态。TeachersWanted.(省略了are)招聘老师。三、不能使用被动语态的情况（1）系动词get，turn，become，seem，look，sound，smell，taste，feel等后接形容词作表语时，用主动形式表示被动含义。)Thatdoglooksdangerous.（2）动词need，want以及短语beworth等后接动词-ing时，用主动形式表示被动含义。Myflowersneedwatering.（3）某些表示主语质地特征的不及物动词，如write，wash，sell，read，clean，drive等，它们的主语为物时，用主动形式表示被动含义。Thiskindofskirtsellswellhere.（4）不及物动词或词组没有被动结构，如：takeplace（发生），happen（发生），comeout（发生），breakout（爆发），appear（出现），disappear（消失），last（持续）等。四、主动语态与被动语态的转化主动语态转化为被动语态的步骤（1）确定主动句的主语、谓语和宾语。（2）把主动句里的宾语变为被动句的主语，若主动句里的宾语是人称代词，要将宾格变为主格。（3）把谓语变成被动结构“be+动词的过去分词”，但时态不能改变。（4）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by后作宾语，若主语是人称代词，应把主格变为宾格。注意事项：（1）含双宾语的主动结构变被动结构时，不要忽略间接宾语前的介词。WegavesomeflowerstoMissGaoonTeachers’Day.→SomeflowersweregiventoMissGaoonTeachers’Day.（2）含有动词短语的主动结构变被动结构时，不要漏掉短语中的介词或副词。WehandedinourhomeworklastFriday.→OurhomeworkwashandedinlastFriday(byus).（3）在含有使役动词make或感官动词（see,watch,notice,hear等）的主动语态的句子中，这些词后常跟省略to的动词不定式，但是改为被动语态时则要把省去的to还原。Isawhimcrosstheroadandentertheshop.→Hewasseentocrosstheroadandentertheshop(byme).（4）含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，既可将间接宾语转化为主语，也可将直接宾语转化为主语。若将间接宾语转化为主语，则保留直接宾语；若将直接宾语转化为主语，则保留间接宾语，且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。Mymothergavemeapencil.→Iwasgivenapencilbymymother.→Apencilwasgiventomebymymother.BuildingYourVocabulary

I.Readthecluesandcompletethecrosswordusingthewordsfromthisunit.DOWN1.Please________foryourexams,oryou'llfail.5.Ifyouputyour________inme,Iwillnotletyoudown.7.DopeopleinBritain________whentheymeet?preparetrustkissACROSS2.Itis________toarriveatapartyontime.3.Wegotoschooleveryday________weekends.4.Theseplantsfloatonthe________ofthelake.6.Therearemany________thatvisitChinaeveryyear.politeexceptsurfacetouristsⅡ.Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformsofthewordsinthebox.translate

pronounce

spell

polite

increase1.Theletter“k”inknifeisnot____________.2.Thepopulationofthatcountryis__________atabout6%peryear.3.Itisdifficultformeto___________thispassageintoChinese.4.Olderpeopleshouldbespokento________.5.You've________mynamewrong.pronouncedincreasingtranslatepolitelyspeltGrammarinUse

Ⅰ.Fillintheblanksusing“have/hasbeen”or“have/hasgone”.1.I________________amiddleschoolstudentforovertwoyears.2.He________________toschool,soyoucanvisithimthere.3.We________________incollegeforaboutthreemonths.4.She________________toseeXiaoHong.Pleasecallherlater.5.A:Where'sDad?B:He________________toBritain.He________________abroadseveraltimes.havebeenhasgonehavebeenhasgonehasgonehasbeenⅡ.Fillintheblanksusingthecorrectvoice.1.Whatlanguage___________(speak)inCanada?2.Thestarscan______________(notsee)inthedaytime.3.Planes,carsandtrains__________(use)bybusinesspeoplefortravelling.4.Manytallbuildings____________(build)inourcitynextyear.5.Thismedicineshould___________(shake)beforeyoutakeit.isspokennotbeseenareusedwillbebuiltbeshaken6.Thesewordscould_______________(translate)bythatgirl.7.Geographycan___________(learn)bytravelling.8.Ourearthmust___________(treat)well.9.It________(say)thathehasbeentoAntarctica.10.Jimdidn'tcometothepartybecausehe______________(notinvite).betranslatedbelearnedbetreatedissaidwasn'tinvitedListeningandSpeaking

Ⅰ.Listentothepassageandmatch.GermansAmericansEnglishmenItalianswillprobablybe15minutesearly.willbe15minuteslate.shouldbealloweduptoanhour.willarriveontime.Travellingtoeverypartoftheworldisgettingeasier,buthowwelldoweknowandunderstandeachother?Here’sasimpletest.Imagineyouareplanningtoholdameetingatfouro’clock.Whattimeshouldyouexpectyourforeignbusinessfriendstoarrive?IftheyareGermans,they’llarriveontime.IftheyareAmericans,they’llprobablybe15minutesearly.IftheyareEnglishmen,they’llbe15minuteslate.YoushouldallowuptoanhourfortheItalians.listeningmaterialⅡ.Workingroups.Discusswhatyouknowaboutdifferentcountriesaroundtheworldandtheplacesyouaremostinterestedin.PuttingItAllTogether

Ⅰ.Readthepassageandanswerthequestions.AsiaAsiaisthelargestcontinentinareaandpopulation.Itcoversmorethan44millionsquarekilometres.TherearemorethanfortycountriesinAsia.SomeofthemareChina,IndiaandJapan.Chinaisthebiggestcountryinareaandpopulation.MorethanfourbillionpeopleliveinAsia.That'smorethanhalfoftheworld'spopulation!MountQomolangma(orMountEverest)isintheHimalayas.Itisthehighestmountainintheworld.TheYangtzeRiver(theChangjiangRiver)inChinaisthethird­longestriverintheworld.1.WhichisthebiggestcountryinAsia?2.HowmanypeopleliveinAsia?3.Whatisthehighestmountain?ChinaisthebiggestcountryinAsia.MorethanfourbillionpeopleliveinAsia.MountQomolangmaisthehighestmountain.Ⅱ.Supposeyouhaveatwo­-weekholidaytotravel.Makeaplanandwriteashortpassage.Tasktips:Whereareyougoing?Howareyougoing?Whoareyougoingwith?Whatareyougoingtodothere?Ihaveatwo-­weekholiday.MyparentsandIwanttogotoWuhuformyholiday.Wewillgotherebytrain.Wearegoingtogosightseeingandtakesomephotos.ThenwewillvisitJiuziSquareandtheMirrorLakePark.Finally,wearegoingtoenjoysomedeliciousfoodintheFoodStreet.Self-Evaluation

Findmoreexamplesfromthisunit.Thenmarkyourstars.Ⅰ.TalkingaboutCon