高中英语Unit4-SectionA-课件新人教版选择性必修第三册

UNIT4ADVERSITYANDCOURAGE素养导航

主题语境——人与自然

自然探索

“探险”,既是人类对未知的挑战,也是人类对自身的挑战。“探险”,有成功的欣喜,也有失败的悲壮。探险过程中的任何艰难险阻,都阻挡不了人类探索未知世界的激情,阻挡不了人类迈向全新领域的脚步。欧内斯特·亨利·沙克尔顿把自己的一生奉献给了南极探险。Ernest

Henry

ShackletonErnestHenryShackletonwasbornonFebruary15th1874inIreland.Thesecondoftenchildren,hewasbroughtupinLondon,attendingDulwichCollegebeforejoiningtheMerchantNavyaged16.Shackletonwascertified①asaMasterMarinerin1898andwasacceptedin1901ontheDiscoveryexpeditiontoAntarcticaledbyRobertScott.Hewaschosentoaccompany②ScottonthemostsouthernmarchtowardstheSouthPoleforresearchpurposes,returninghomeduetoillhealth.OnJanuary1st1908heledacrewontheNimrodexpedition,sailingtoAntarcticaagain.TrekkingtowardstheSouthPoleinthequesttobefirst,theyreachedtheclosesteverachievedbeforeturningbackorfacingcertaindeath.Itwasaraceagainststarvation③buttheymadeitbacktotheshipjustintimetoreturntoEngland.OnhisreturnhewasgreetedasaherobyKingEdwardⅦ.AftertheSouthPolewasreachedbyRoaldAmundsenin1912hedecidedtoplanforthelastgreatAntarcticexpedition,tocrossthecontinent.

OnAugust8th1914hesetsailfromPlymouth.Encountering④awfulweather,theEndurancebecamestuckintheicebeforesinkinginNovember1915.Withnochanceofrescueorraisingthealarm,ShackletonplannedadaringanddangerousrescuetosailinalifeboattoSouthGeorgiaandreachawhalingstation.WithfourothercrewtheylaunchedtheJamesCairdintotheseasoftheAntarcticaandagainstalltheoddstheyreachedSouthGeorgia.ThenhavingtogoacrossmountainrangestotheothersideoftheislandtheyfinallyreachedhelponMay20th1916beforerescuingtherestofthecrewonAugust30th.InSeptember1921Shackletonembarked⑤onanotherexpeditiontoAntarcticaontheshipQuest.WhilstinSouthGeorgiaShackletonsufferedafatalheartattackanddiedonJanuary5th1922.HewasburiedintheGrytvikencemeteryinSouthGeorgia.SirErnestShackletonremainsoneofthegreatestleadersandinspirational⑥explorersinhistory.词海拾贝①certifyvt.授予(专业合格证书)②accompanyvt.陪伴③starvationn.饥饿④encountervt.遇到⑤embarkvi.从事;着手⑥inspirationaladj.鼓舞人心的典句欣赏AftertheSouthPolewasreachedbyRoaldAmundsenin1912hedecidedtoplanforthelastgreatAntarcticexpedition,tocrossthecontinent.译文:在1912年罗阿尔德·阿蒙森到达南极后,他决定计划穿越大陆,做最后一次伟大的南极探险。分析:本句是一个复合句。hedecidedtoplan...是主句,AftertheSouthPolewasreached...是时间状语从句。探究思辨1.WhatinspiredShackletontomakethegreatexpeditiontoAntarctica?2.WhatdoyoulearnfromShackleton’sstory?答案

1.Hisspiritofadventure,hisbraveryandhispersistence.2.Wemustnevergiveupinfaceofdifficultiesandsticktoourgoalsuntilwesucceed.SectionA

ReadingandThinkingⅠ.知识体系图解

重点词汇1.adversityn.

2.expeditionn

3.endurancen.

4.vigourn.

5.qualifiedadj.

6.cupboardn.

7.stewardn.

8.crushvt.

n.

9.stoven.

困境;逆境

探险;远征;探险队

忍耐力;耐久力精力;力量;活力

符合资格;具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)

橱柜;壁橱;衣柜(轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员;服务员毁坏;压坏;压碎

拥挤的人群炉具;厨房灶具10.belongingsn.[pl.]

11.banjon.

12.miserableadj.

13.voyagen.&vi.

14.navyn.

15.cosyadj.

16.selfishadj.

17.good/bad-temperedadj.

18.perseverevi.

→perseverancen.

财物;动产

班卓琴

痛苦的;令人难受的

航海;航行

海军;海军部队

温馨的;舒适的

自私的

脾气好的/坏的

坚持;孜孜以求

毅力;韧性;不屈不挠的精神

19.

n.工资

20.

adj.严寒的;激烈而不愉快的;味苦的

21.

adj.热情的;热心的

22.

adv.&prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)

23.

vt.分派;布置;分配

24.

n.&vt.羡慕;妒忌

25.

vi.沉没;下沉;下降vt.使下沉;使沉没

26.

vt.舍弃;抛弃;放弃

wage

bitter

enthusiastic

aboard

assign

envy

sink

abandon

27.

n.毯子

28.

adj.相当不错的;正派的;得体的

29.

adj.真正的;真诚的;可信赖的

30.

vi.&vt.决定;决心;解决(问题或困难)

n.决心;坚定的信念→

n.决议;解决;坚定

31.

n.(轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员;专业团队;一群人blanket

decent

genuine

resolveresolution

crew重点短语1.

拒绝(某人)

2.

梦想……

3.

为……做好了准备

4.

精力充沛

5.

出发

6.

返航;往回走

7.bestuckin

8.callsbtogether

9.keepup

10.frombadtoworse

11.afterall

12.fillsbwithhope

turnsbdown

dreamof

bereadyfor

befullofvigour

setoff

turnback

被困在……

把……召集在一起

保持;不落后

越来越糟

毕竟

使……充满了希望

重点句式1.Well,itsohappenedthatonemorningIboughtanewspaperandreadtheadvertisementabouttheAntarcticexpedition.2.WithoutFrankandErnest,we’dallbedeadbynow.Ⅱ.阅读导学A.阅读P38-P39课文内容,判断正(T)误(F)。1.TheauthorlearnedabouttheAntarcticadventurefromthenewspaper.2.TheauthorhadbeendreamingofanexpeditiontotheSouthPole.3.Atthebeginningoftheadventure,theauthorwasveryexcited.4.ShackletonallowedHusseytokeepthebanjobecausehewasfondofmusic.5.ThesailorsfeltdesperatewhenShackletonlefttheminhissmallship.答案

1.T

2.T

3.T

4.F

5.FB.根据P38-P39课文内容,选择正确答案。1.WhywastheauthorturneddownbyShackleton?A.Becausehewasnotwellprepared.B.Becausehewasnotfitenough.C.Becausehewasnotfullofvigour.D.Becausehewasn’toldenoughandlackedexperience.2.Whatcanweknowabouttheauthor?A.Hewentonaboardtheshipwithoutpermission.B.Hewantedtoserveasacookontheship.C.Hecameoutofhishidingplace3dayslater.D.HewascaughtbyShackletonontheship.答案

D

答案

A

3.HowdidShackletonfeelwhentheyhadtoabandontheship?A.Hebecameworried.B.Heremainedcalm.C.Hefeltfrightened.D.Hegrewanxious.4.WhatdoyouthinkofShackleton?A.Heisadventurousandresponsible.B.Heisgenerousandhelpful.C.Heisstrictbutwarm-hearted.D.Heiscourageousbutcareless.答案

B

答案

A

重点词汇1.However,whenIappliedtojointheexpedition,Shackletonturned

me

downbecausehethoughtIwastooyoungandwasn’tqualified.然而,当我申请加入探险队时,沙克尔顿拒绝了我,因为他认为我太年轻,不合格。【词汇精讲】

turnsbdown拒绝(某人)HeaskedJanetomarryhim,butsheturned

him

down.他请求简嫁给他,但她拒绝了。【词汇拓展】

Shecouldnotbeartheloudmusicandturned

downthevolume.她受不了这么大声的音乐,就把音量调小了。Youshouldn’talwaysturn

tothedictionarywhenyoumeetnewwordsinreading.阅读的时候遇到生词你不应该总是查字典。Somecompromiseswereunavoidable,butthevideoturned

outperfect.一些妥协是不可避免的,但视频证明是极好的。2.ButIwassoenthusiasticabouttheideaofgoingalongwiththemthatIsecretlywentaboardhisship,theEndurance,andhidinasmallcupboard.但我太热衷于和他们一起去的想法了,所以我偷偷地上了他的船,“坚忍”号,藏在一个小橱柜里。【词汇精讲1】enthusiasticadj.热情的;热心的Thevillagersarefriendlyandtheyalwaysgivevisitorsanenthusiasticwelcome.村民们很友好,他们总是热情地欢迎游客。Theteachersareenthusiasticandhaveasenseofpurpose.教师们很热情并且很有决心。【词汇拓展1】

I’msureitwillappealtoyou,foryou’vebeen

enthusiastic

aboutsports.我确信它会对你有吸引力,因为你一直热衷于体育运动。Wearetootired,butwekeepitupwithremarkableenthusiasm.我们太累了,但我们还是情绪高昂地坚持下去。【词汇精讲2】aboardadv.&prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)Wewalkedhertothewharfandputheraboardtheship.我们陪她走到码头,将她安顿到船上。Theplanecrashed,killingall157passengersaboard.飞机坠毁,机上157名乘客全部遇难。【词汇拓展2】

Theship’sleavinginhalfanhour,sowe’dbettergo

aboardnow.船在半小时内起航,我们最好现在上船。Wemustnottakecombustiblegoodsaboard.我们切不可带易燃物上车。3.Heassignedmetobeasteward,andInowservemealsfortwenty-eightmen,threetimesaday.他指派我做乘务员,我现在为二十八个人提供膳食,每天三次。【词汇精讲】

assignvt.分派;布置;分配Thetwolargeclassroomshavebeenassignedtous.这两间大教室分配给了我们。Theteacherassignedadifferenttasktoeachofthechildren.老师给每个孩子布置的任务都不相同。【词汇拓展】

I’vebeenassigned

to

look

afterthenewstudents.我被指派照顾新生。Youwillneedtocompletethreewrittenassignmentspersemester.你每学期要完成三个书写任务。4.HoweveryonewillenvymewhenIcomebackandtellthemabouttheamazingplacesIhavebeento!当我回来告诉他们我去过的神奇的地方时,每个人都会多么羡慕我啊!【词汇精讲】

envyn.&vt.羡慕;妒忌Graduallyhebegantoacknowledgehisfeelingsofenvytowardshisdeskmate.渐渐地,他开始承认自己羡慕同桌。Idon’tenvytheyoungoneswho’vebecomeTVsuperstarsandknownootherworld.我不羡慕那些成为超级电视明星但对其他一无所知的年轻人。Thehappinessthatwenowenjoyistheenvyofallwhoknowus.所有认识我们的人都羡慕我们现在享有的幸福。【词汇拓展】

HeenviedRosalindheryouthandstrength.他羡慕罗莎琳德的青春和力量。Ifeelgreenwith

envywhenIseeyouinyournewdress.每当我看到你穿新装时,就感到嫉妒。Iamnotenvious

ofhim,thoughhehasgotanenviablejobthere.虽然他在那里谋了一份令人羡慕的工作,但我并不嫉妒他。5.Andwhentheshipsank,ourheartssankwithit.当船沉没时,我们的心也心灰意冷。【词汇精讲】

sinkvi.沉没;下沉;下降vt.使下沉;使沉没Thewheelsstartedtosinkintothemud.车轮渐渐陷进泥里。Theboatwassunkbyahurricane.小船被飓风刮沉了。【词汇拓展】

Theshiphitanicebergandsanktothebottomofthesea.船撞上冰山,沉入海底。Theylostalltheirmoneyandsank

intodesperatepoverty.他们失去了所有的钱,陷入了绝望的贫困。6.Beforeweabandonedtheship,Shackletoncalmlycalledustogetherandtoldustorescueourmostessentialsupplies—thesmallboats,ourfood,thecookstove,candles,clothes,andblankets.在我们弃船前,沙克尔顿平静地把我们招集在一起,让我们挽救最基本的补给——小船、食物、烹饪炉、蜡烛、衣服和毯子。【词汇精讲】

abandonvt.舍弃;抛弃;放弃Theofficersandcrewpreparedtoabandontheshipinanorderlyfashion.全体船员秩序井然地准备弃船。Thestormgotworseandworse.Finally,Iwasobligedtoabandonthebikeandcontinueonfoot.暴风雨愈发猛烈,我最终不得不弃车步行。【词汇拓展】

Heownedafarm,whichlookedalmostabandoned.他有一个农场,看上去几乎废弃了。Theyshouldabandonplayingcomputergamesandcheatingintheexams.他们应该放弃玩电脑游戏和考试作弊。7.Theirgenuineconcernforothers,theirperseverance,andtheirresolvefillmewithhope.他们对别人的真正关爱、他们的毅力和决心使我充满了希望。【词汇精讲】

resolvevi.&vt.决定;决心;解决(问题或困难)

n.决心;坚定的信念Bothsidesmetinordertotrytoresolvetheirdifferences.双方会晤以努力解决分歧。Wemustfindawaytoresolvetheseproblemsbeforeit’stoolate.我们必须及时找到解决这些问题的方法。Hemadearesolvetogoonajourneyearlyinthenextmorning.他决意明天一早就去旅行。【词汇拓展】

Sheresolvedtoreportthemattertotheteacher.她决心向老师汇报这件事情。Heresolvednotto

tellherthetruth.他决定不告诉她真相。Sheresolved

thatshewouldneverseehimagain.她决心再也不见他了。重点句式1.Well,it

so

happened

that

one

morning

I

bought

a

newspaper

and

read

the

advertisement

about

the

Antarctic

expedition.嗯,碰巧有一天早上我买了一份报纸,看了关于南极探险的广告。【句式剖析】本句中的it是形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的句子。It(so)happensthat...意为“碰巧……”。Ithappenedthattheyspenttheirchildhoodinthesamevillage.碰巧他们的童年是在同一个村子度过的。Whetherbyaccidentorbydesign,itsohappenedthatshejustcame.不知是偶然还是故意的,碰巧她刚来。【句式拓展】it作形式主语的其他常用句型:Itoccurs/occurredtosbthat...某人突然想到……Itstrikes/strucksbthat...某人突然想到……Ithits/hitsbthat...某人突然想起……Suddenlyithitmehowdifficultitwasforawomantogetmedicaltrainingatthattime.突然我想起在那个年代,一个女子去学医是多么困难啊。IthitmethatIhadmethimsomewhere.=ItstruckmethatIhadmethimsomewhere.=ItoccurredtomethatIhadmethimsomewhere.我突然想起以前在什么地方见过他。2.Without

Frank

and

Ernest,we’d

all

be

dead

by

now.没有弗兰克和欧内斯特,我们现在都会死。【句式剖析】本句是一个含有含蓄虚拟语气的句子,without意为“没有”,引导的是一种含蓄的条件,当表示与现在或将来事实相反的假设时,主句用“(could/should/might)+do”,表示与过去事实相反的假设时,主句用“would(could/should/might)+havedone”。Withoutwater,therewouldbenolifeonearth.没有水,地球上就没有生命。【句式拓展】虚拟语气用于含蓄条件句中:(1)在含有with,without,butfor等介词或介词短语的句子中。Butforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavefinishedtheworkontime.要是没有你的帮助,我就不能按时完成那项工作。(2)在含有or,otherwise,but,butthat等连词的句子中。Iwasbusy;otherwiseIwouldhaveattendedyourbirthdayparty.我很忙,不然的话我就去参加你的生日聚会了。(3)其他情况。Givenmoreattention,thetreeswouldhavegrownbetter.给予更多的关注,这些树会长得更好。Fiveminutesearlier,youcouldhavemetheratthestation.早来五分钟的话,你就能在车站见到她了。Ⅰ.课文语法填空MynameisPerceBlackborowandIhavebeendreamingof

1

expeditiontoAntarcticawithSirErnestShackleton.Oneday,IreadtheadvertisementabouttheAntarcticexpeditioninthenewspaper,butwhenI

2

(apply)tojoinit,IwasturneddownbecauseIwastooyoungandinexperienced.Igotaboardtheshipwithout

3

(permit)andhid