2020上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编写作(SummaryWriting)带答案

上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编-摘要写作上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编-摘要写作(SummaryWriting)-(带答案精准校对加强版)#One【上海市上海实验学校高三英语10月考试题】IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Ifyousufferfromshyness,youarenotalone,forshynessisauniversalphenomenon.Itisnotsurprisingthatsocialscientistsarelearningmoreaboutitscauses.Thefirstenvironmentalcauseofshynessmanybeachild’shomeandfamilylife.Today’schildrenaregrowingupinsmallerandsmallerfamilies,withfewerandfewerrelativeslivingnearby.Growingupinsingle-parenthomesorinhomesinwhichbothparentsworkfulltime,childrenmaynothavethesocializingexperienceoffrequentvisitsbyneighboursandfriends.Becauseoftheirlackofsocialskills,theymaybegintofeelsociallyinhibited,orshy,whentheystartschool.Asecondenvironmentalcauseofshynessinanindividualmaybeone’sculture.InastudyconductedinJapan,57percentofparticipantsratedthemselvesasshy.ResearchersHendersonandZimbardosay,“OneexplanationisthatinJapan,anindividual’sperformancesuccessiscreditedexternallytoparents,grandparents,teachers,coaches,andothers,whilefailureisentirelyblamedontheperson.”Therefore,Japaneselearnnottotakerisksinpublicandrelyinsteadongroup-shareddecisions.Technologymayplayaroleaswell.IntheUnitedStates,thenumberofyoungpeoplewhoreportbeingshyhasrisenfrom40percentto50percentinrecentyears.Duetohugeadvancesintechnology,watchingtelevision,playingvideogames,andsurfingtheWebhavedisplacedrecreationalactivitiesthatinvolvesocialinteractionformanyyoungpeople.Adults,too,arebecomingmoreisolatedasaresultoftechnology.Face-to-faceinteractionswithbanktellers,gasstationattendants,andstoreclerksarenolongernecessarybecausepeoplecanusemachinestodotheirbanking,filltheirgastanks,andordermerchandise.Inshort,theybecomeshy.Itappearsthatmostpeoplehaveexperiencedshynessatsometimeintheirlives.Therefore,ifyouareshy,youhavelotsofcompany.Keys:Shynessiscommonandithasenvironmentalcauses,includinghomeandfamilylife,cultureandtechnology.Firstly,withsmallerfamiliesandworkingparents,childrenlacksocialinteractions.Besides,blamingindividualsforfailurecancausepeopleinsomeculturetobeshyinpublic.Finally,withthedevelopmentoftechnology,peoplehavefeweropportunitiestosocializeinperson.Two【上海市格致中学高三上学期期中试题】IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Gettingridofdirt,intheopinionofmostpeople,isagoodthing.However,thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease,asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.Aparticulardangerwas,thoughttolieinpublicbaths.By1538,theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom.SodidthekingofEnglandin1546.ThusbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirtinafriendlyway.HenryIV,KingofFrance,wasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath,thekingorderedthat,toavoidtheattackofdisease,thenoblemanshouldnotgoout.Thoughthebeliefinthemeritofdirtwaslong-lived,dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18thcentury.Scientificallyspeaking,cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.Yet,itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorldWarII.Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea:clothesneedtobewhiterthanwhite,clothseversofter,surfacestoshine.Hasthehatefordirt,however,gonetoofar?Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.Manyfirsttimeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt,whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease.Onthecontrary,MaryRuebush,anAmericanimmunologist,encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.Andthelatterpositionisgainingsomeground.Keys:Peoplehavemixedopinionstowardsdirtonourskin.Foralongtimeinhistory,peopleofsomeEuropeancountriesbelievedthatdirtprotectedpeoplefromgettingill.However,peoplebegantochangetheirattitudestodirtabout200yearsago.Peoplehavebeentoldthatwashingdirtoffourbodycankeepushealthy.However,somescientistsbelievethatexposuretosomedirtmayhelpourimmunesystem.Three【上海市建平中学高三英语上学期10月试题】IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.WhatIthinkofboxingasasportBoxingisapopularsportthatmanypeopleseemtobefascinatedby.Newspapers,magazinesandsportsprogrammesonTVfrequentlycoverboxingmatches.Professionalboxersearnalotofmoney,andsuccessfulboxersaretreatedasbigheroes.Itseemstomethatsomepeople,especiallymen,finditappealingbecauseitisanaggressivesport.Whentheywatchaboxingmatch,theycanidentifywiththewinningboxer,andthisgivesthemthefeelingofbeingawinnerthemselves.Sometimesfansarerootingforaparticularboxer,moreoverbecausetheboxercomesformtheirowncountry,andif"their"boxerloses,theyoftenfeelasiftheyhavelostafightthemselves.Itisafactthatmanypeoplehavefeelingsofaggressionfromtimetotime,buttheycannotshowtheiraggressionintheireverydaylives.Watchingaboxingmatchgivesthemanoutletforthisaggression.However,thereisanegativesidetoboxing.Itcanbeaverydangeroussport.Althoughboxerswearglovesduringthefights,andamateurboxersevenhavetowearhelmets,therehavefrequentlybeenaccidentsinbothprofessionalandamateurboxing,sometimeswithdramaticconsequences.Boxershavesufferedfromheadinjuries,andoccasionally,fightershaveevenbeenkilledasaresultofbeingknockedoutinthering.Forexample,studieshaveshownthatthereareoftenlong-termeffectsofboxing,intheformofseriousbraindamage,evenifaboxerhasneverbeenknockedout.Toconclude,Iampersonallynotatallinfavourofaggressivesportslikeboxing.IthinkitwouldbebetteriflesstimewasgiventoaggressivesportsonTV,andwecelebratedmoremenandwomenfromnon-aggressivesportsasourheroesandheroinesinoursociety.Ibelievethattheworldisaggressiveenoughalready!Ofcourse,peoplelikecompetitivesports,andsodoI,butIthinkthathittingotherpeopleinanaggressivewayisnotsomethingthatshouldberegardedasasport.Keys:Theauthorisopposedtoboxingasasport.Boxingisnowadaysverypopularbecausepeople,especiallymen,releasetheirfeelingsofaggressionwhilewatchingtheboxingmatch.However,boxingcanhaveadevastatingimpactonboxer’healthandevenlives.Therefore,theauthorappealstothepublictoenjoymorenon-aggressivesports.Four【上海市高三上学期六校联考试题】IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Tiredofallthepushinginsupermarkets?Fedupwithwaitinginendlesslinestopayforwhatyouhavebought?Angryatwastingtimeintrafficjamsonlytofindnoparkingspaceswhenyoueventuallyarriveatthestore?Ifthisisyou,thenonlineshoppingistheanswertoyourdreamsoftrouble-freeshopping.Onlineshoppingbringsitsownchallenges.Hereareafewthingstobearinmindwhenbrowsingvariouswebsites.Theclaimmadebyonlinesitesisthatshoppingonlineisasafeandsecurewaytomakepurchases.Theevidencechallengesthis.Inanycase,youonlyhavetobethevictimoffraud（欺骗）oncetoexperiencealltheproblemsthatcomewiththisformofstealing.Useonlysitesthathaveatrustedhistoryandanexcellentreputation.Anotherproblemisthattheappearanceofitemsinrealityisoftenquitedifferentfromwhatyouseeonyourcomputerscreen.Thismightnotbeaproblemifyouarebuyingwashinguppowderbutcouldbeamajordisappointmentwhenthatbeautifulbluedressyouorderedturnsupingreen.Also,productdescriptionsaresometimessimplyuntrue!Perhapsthewisestplanistopurchaseitemswhosedesignandcolorarenotessentialtocustomersatisfaction.Someevenarguethatonlineshoppingindirectlycontributestoglobalwarming.Yes,yourcarcanstayparkedbuthowareonlinegoodsdelivered?Oftenbysomelargevanpouringoutcarbonmonoxideandaddingtoouralreadydesperatetrafficproblems.Youarealsobynowbecomingincreasinglyirritated（使烦恼）bythefactthatthedeliveryislate!Keys:Onlineshoppingcanfreeyouofthetroubleyoumeetwhenbuyingthingsinstore.However,ithaschallenges.Firstly,youshouldbearinmindthatyoumustusesiteswhichdeservetrusting.Secondly,youshouldn’tbelieveallthedescriptionsbecausetheymaybeuntrue.Lastly,youshouldknowalthoughthedeliverymaybelate,itmaycauseglobalwarming.Five【上海市华东师大二附中高三英语11月考试题】IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.LearnfrommistakesThebestwaytolearnsomethingistomakemistakesfirst.ThomasEdison,whoinventedthelightbulb,toldhiscolleagues:"Ofthe200lightbulbsthatdidn'twork,everyfailuretoldmesomethingIwasabletoincorporateintothenextattempt."BenjaminFranklin,theUSstatesmanandscientistoncesaid:“Ihaven'tfailed.Ihavehad10,000ideasthatdidn'twork.”Boththesepeopleunderstoodthatfailuresandfalsestartsaretheconditionofsuccess.Infact,asurprisingnumberofeverydayobjectshadtheirbeginningsinamistakeoramisunderstanding.Post-it-notes,packetsofcrispsandevenbreadareallunexpectedinventions.In2600BC,atiredEgyptianslaveinventedbreadwhenthedoughroseduringhissleep.AndcrispswerefirstcookedbyachiefintheUSAwhenacustomercomplainedthathisfriedpotatoeswerenotthinenough.In1958SpencerSilverwastryingtodevelopastrongadhesivewhenheaccidentallyinventedaveryweakglueinstead.Hiscolleague,ArtFry,decidedtouseitsixyearslater,in1974,toholdhisbookmarksinhisbooksandthepost-itnotewasinvented.Successfulbusinesspeoplehaveoftenmadebig,expensivemistakesintheirpast.WhenanemployeeofIBMmadeamistakethatcostthecompany$600,000,ThomosWatson,thechairman,wasaskedifhewouldfiretheman."Ofcoursenot,"hereplied.“Ihavejustspent$600,000traininghim.Iamnotgoingtoletanothercompanybenefitfromexperience.”Theimportantthingtorememberisthatyouneedtolearnfromyourmistakes.Ifyoudon't,thenthereisnosenseinmakingthem.Keys:Thebestwaytolearnsomethingistomakemistakesfirst.Andfailuresandfalsestartsaretheconditionofsuccess.Infact,lotsofeverydayobjectshadtheirbeginningsinamistake.Besides,Successfulbusinesspeoplehaveoftenmadebig,expensivemistakesintheirpast.Allinall,Theimportantthingisthatyouneedtolearnfromyourmistakes.Six【上海市复旦附中高三英语综合测试题】IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Gettingridofdirt,intheopinionofmostpeople,isagoodthing.However,thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease,asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.Aparticulardangerwasthoughttolieinpublicbaths.By1538,theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom.SodidthekingofEnglandin1546.ThusbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirtinafriendlyway.HenryIV,KingofFrance,wasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath,thekingorderedthat,toavoidtheattackofdisease,thenoblemanshouldnotgoout.Thoughthebeliefinthemeritofdirtwaslong-lived，dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18century.Scientificallyspeaking,cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.Yet,itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorldWarII.Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea:clothesneedtobewhiterthanwhite,clothseversofter,surfacestoshine.Hasthehatefordirt,however,gonetoofar?Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.Manyfirst-timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt,whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease.Onthecontrary,MaryRuebush,Americanimmunologist(免疫学家)，encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.Andthelatterpositionisgainingsomeground.Keys:Peoplehavemixedopinionstowardsdirtonourskin.Foralongtimeinhistory,peopleofsomeEuropeancountries,suchasFrance,believedthatdirtprotectedpeoplefromgettingill.However,peoplebegantochangetheirattitudestodirtabout200yearsago.Peoplehavebeentoldthatwashingdirtoffourbodycankeepushealthy.However,somescientistsbelievethatexposuretosomedirtmayhelpourimmunesystem.Seven【上海市上海中学高三英语下学期三月考试题】IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Judgingfromrecentsurveys,mostexpertsinsleepbehavioragreethatthereisvirtuallyanepidemic（流行病）ofsleepinessinthenation”.Ican’tthinkofasinglestudythathasn'tfoundAmericansgettinglesssleepthantheyoughtto,“saysDr.David.Evenpeoplewhothinktheyaresleepingenoughwouldprobablybebetteroffwithmorerest.Thebeginningofoursleep-deficit（睡眠不足）crisiscanbetracedbacktotheinventionofthelightbulbacenturyago.Fromdiaryentriesandourpersonalaccountsfromthe18thand19thcenturies,sleepscientistshavereachedtheconclusionthattheaveragepersonusedtosleepabout9.5hoursanight.”Thebestsleephabitsoncewereforcedonus,whenwehadnothingtodointheeveningdownonthefarm,anditwasdark.”Bythe1950sand1960s,thesleepschedulehadbeenreduceddramatically,tobetween7.5and8hours,andmostpeoplehadtowaketoanalarmclock.“Peoplecheatintheirsleep,andtheydon’tevenrealizethey’redoingit,”saysDr.David,”Theythinkthey’reokaybecausetheycangetbyon6.5hours,whentheyreallyneed7.5,8orevenmoretofeelideallyvigorous.”Perhapsthemostmercilessrobberofsleep,researchessay,isthecomplexityoftheday.Wheneverpressuresfromwork,family,friendsandcommunityincrease,manypeopleconsidersleeptheleastexpensiveitemontheirprogramme.”Inoursociety,you’reconsidereddynamicifyousayyouneedonly5.5hours’sleep.Ifyou’vegottoget8.5hours,peoplethinkyoulackdriveandambition.“Todeterminetheconsequencesofsleep-deficit,researchershaveputsubjectsthroughasetofpsychologicalandperformancetestsrequiringthem,forinstance,toaddcolumnsofnumbersorrecallapassagereadtothemonlyminutesearlier.”We’vefoundthatifyou’reinsleepdeficit,performancesuffers,”saysDr.David,”Short-termmemoryisweakened,asareabilitiestomakedecisionsandtoconcentrate.”Keys:Sleep-deficit,acommonphenomenoninAmerica,iscausedbyseveralfactors.Firstly,theinventionofthelightbulbhaschangedpeople’slifestyleandshortenpeople’ssleeptimebyabout2hours.Secondly,variouspressuresandmisleadingsocialconceptsalsocontributetosleep-deficit.Researchershavefoundoutthatsleep-deficitwouldinfluenceusintellectually.Eight【上海市杨浦中学高三英语上学期10月试题】IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.“DailyStar,sir!”calledJason,carryingsomenewspaperunderhisarm.Thelittleboyhadbeenrunningupanddownthestreet,buttherewerestilltwentypapersleft.Itwasrainingallday,thoughnotheavily.Therewerefewpeopleonthestreetsandtheshopwouldsoonclose.Hehadhopedtosellmorepaperstonighttomakemoremoneytobuyacakeforhismother.Thatwaswhyhehadboughtthepaperswithallhismoney.Butitseemedhewouldhavetogohome,carryingthepapersinsteadofmoney.“Youdon’tknowthesecretofsellingpapers.Youmustshout,‘Hotnews!Bombbursting!’”anothernewsboyChadtoldJason.“Butit’snotinthepaperatall,”repliedJason.“Justrunawayquicklybeforetheyhavetimetoseethepaper.Getthepapersoldoutandthemoney.That’sit!”Chadsaid.ItwasanewideatoJason.Hethoughtofthecakehewantedtobuyforhismother,butwasdeterminedthatthoughhewasjustapoornewsboy,hewouldnottellalie,whichhadbeentaughtbyhismother.ThenextafternoonJasonwenttotheofficeforhispapersasusual.SeveralboyswerecrowdingaroundChad,whodeclaredwithaproudsmilethathesoldsixdozenthedaybefore.AgentlemanattheofficecameupandpattedJason’sshoulderfondly.“You’rejusttheboyIamlookingfor.”AweeklaterJasonstartedhisnewjob.Helostthesaleoftwentypapersbecausehewouldnottellalie,butgotawell-paidjobbecauseheinsistedontellingthetruth.Keys:Tobuyacakeforhismother,Jason,alittleboy,triedtosellthenewspaperheboughtforthemoneybutfailed.Althoughadvisedtocheatthepassers-byforsalesfromanothernewsboy,hedecidedtostayaclearconscience.Onthenextday,agentlemanpraisedJasonandofferedhimabetterjobforhishonesty.Nine【上海市建平中学高三英语11月考试题】IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.HopeNothinginmylifehadpreparedmeforwhatIhadtodo.Choosingmywordscarefully,andfightingtostaycalm,Itoldmy4-year-olddaughterthathergrandmotherhadsufferedastroke(中风),thatshewasunconscious,andthatthedoctorssaidshewouldprobablyneverwakeup.Asshemovedclosertome,Amelialookedatme,eyesbright,andsaid,“MaybeGrandmawillbeokay.”“Maybeshewill,”Isaid,keepingbackthetears.ButIknewbetter.IwasflyinguptoMyrtleBeach,SouthCarolina,fromourFloridahomeinthemorningtosaygood-byetomymom.Therestofthatawfulweek,Ijoinedmybrotherandfathersittingbymymother’ssideinthehospitalroom.Iheldherhandandtalkedtoher.Itoldherthatwestillneededher.Itoldherthatitwasn’ttimetoleaveyet.ItoldherhowmuchIlovedher.AndItoldherthatherlittlegranddaughter,Amelia,believedthatshe’dgetbetter.Thedoctors,withalltheiryearsoftrainingandexperience,offerednohopeforrecovery.Thedamagewassimplytooextensive.Acoupleofweekslater,anoddthinghappened.Momwokeup!Andthensheperseveredthroughalongandtoughprocessofrestorationtohealth,duringwhichshehadtolearntowalk,read,andwritealloveragain,andeventuallyreturnedhometoDad.Theonlyonewhowasn’tshockedwasAmelia.Thedoctorscouldn’texplainit.Ameliadidn’tneedto.Hopecameasnaturallytoherasbreathing.Sowhyarewesoafraidtohopesometimes?Maybeit’sbecauseovertheyears,life’sdisappointmentscanturnustodisillusionment(理想破灭).Howmanytimeshaveyouheardsomeonesay:“Hopeforthebest,expecttheworst”?That’snotreallyhopeatall.Hopeisbeingabletolookatourworldwithallofthejoyandwonderofachild.Keys:Doctorswerepessimisticaboutmymother’sstrokewhilemylittledaughter,Amelia,fullofhope.IpassedonAmelia’shopewhenourfamilygatheredtobidfarewelltoherinhospital.Incredibly,sherecoveredandcamebackhomeafteraperiodofrestoration.EveryonewasastonishedexceptAmelia.Hopedoesbringpeopleintroubleamazement.Ten【上海市进才中学高三上学期期中试题】IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.WhenyouhearthefinalwhistleOneofthehardestthingsforanysportspersontodoistoknowwhentoretire.Butevenharderisfindingtheanswertothequestion‘WhatamIgoingtodowiththerestofmylife?’Somesportpeoplegoonplayingtoolong.Perhapstheyjustcan’tstandlifewithoutthe‘high’ofplayingprofessionalsport.MichaelJordan,thegreatestbasketballplayerofalltime,retiredthreetimes.HeretiredoncefromtheChicagoBulls,madeasuccessfulcomebackwiththeBulls,thenretiredagain.Hissecondcomebackwithaninferiorteamendedinfailureandheretiredforeverattheageof38.Jordansaid,‘TherewillneverbeanythingIdothatwillfulfilmeasmuchascompetingdid.’Otherscan’tresistthechangeofonelast“payday”.MuhammadAlineededthemoney,buthiscomebackfight,attheageof39,againstTrevorBerbick,wasoneofthesaddestspectaclesinmodernsport.AfterlosingtoBerbick,Aliretiredpermanently.ThreeyearslaterhedevelopedParkinson’sdisease.Forsomepeoplethepainofsayinggoodbyeneverleavesthem.AsJimmyGreaves,anex-Englandinternationalfootballersaid,‘Ithinkthatalotofplayerswouldprefertobeshotoncetheircareerisover.’Manyofthemspendtheirretirementinacontinualbattleagainstdepression,alcohol,ordrugs.Butfortheluckyfew,retirementcanmeanasuccessfulnewcareer.FranzBeckenbauerisaclassicexampleofafootballerwhowoneverythingwithhisclub,BayernMunich.AfterretiringhebecameasuccessfulcoachwithBayernandfinallyPresidentoftheclub.JohnMcEnroe,theinfamous‘badboy’oftennis,isnowahighlyrespectedandhighlypaidTVcommentator.Butsadly,formostsportspeople,thesecasesaretheexceptions.Keys:Thepassagedescribessportspersonhowtospendtheirlivesafterretirement.Somepeoplecontinueplayingfornotstandingwithoutplayingsports,othersfortheneedformoney.Moreover,manyarestrugglingwiththeiroriginalbadhabitswhilefewcanstartasuccessfulnewcareerafterretirement.Eleven【上海市行知中学高三上学期10月试题】IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Yourhousemayhaveaneffectonyourfigure.Expertssaythewayyoudesignyourhomecouldplayaroleinwhetheryoupackonthepoundsorkeepthemoff.Youcanmakeyourenvironmentworkforyouinsteadofagainstyou.Herearesomewaystoturnyourhomeintopartofyourdietplan.Openthecurtainsandturnupthelights.Darkenvironmentsaremorelikelytoencourageovereating,forpeopleareoftenlessself-conscious(难为情)whenthey'reinpoorlylitplaces-andsomorelikelytoeatlotsoffood.Ifyourhomedoesn’thaveenoughwindowlight,getmorelampsandfloodtheplacewithbrightness.Mindthecolours.Researchsuggestswarmcoloursfuelourappetites.Inonestudy,peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom.Warmcolourslikeyellowmakefoodappearmoreappetizing,whilecoldcoloursmakeuslesshungry.Sowhenit’stimetorepaint,goblue.Don'tforgettheclock-ortheradio.Peoplewhoeatslowlytendtoconsumeabout70fewercalories（卡路里）permealthanthosewhorushthroughtheirmeals.Beginkeepingtrackofthetime,andtrytomakedinnerlastat30minutes.Andwhileyou’reatit,actuallysitdowntoeat.Ifyouneedsomehelpslowingdown,turningonrelaxingmusic.Itmakesyoulesslikelytorushthroughameal.Downsizethedishes.Bigservingbowlsandplantscaneasilymakeusfat.Weeatabout22percentmorewhenusinga12-inchplateinsteadofa10-inchplate.Whenwechoosealargespoonoverasmallerone,totalintake（摄入）jumpsby14percent.Andwe'llpourabout30percentmoreliquidintoashort,wideglassthanatall,skinnyglass.Keys:Housedesignmayaffectyourfigure,butthere'refourwaystocontrolyourdiet.Darklightmakesyoueatmore,soyoushouldkeepyourroombright.Besides,decoratingwithcoldcolorscanreduceyourfood-intake.Moreover,youcaneatslowlywithrelaxingmusic.Finally,smallertablewarealsoreducesappetite.Twelve【上海市东昌中学高三上学期期中考试】.IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Treesshouldbepruned（修剪）onlywhenthereisagoodandclearreasonfordoingsoandfortunately,thenumberofsuchreasonissmall.First,pruningmaybedonetomakesurethattreeshavedesiredshapeorsize.Theobjectmaybetogetatreeoftherightheight,andatthesametimetohelpthegrowthofsmallsidebranches,whichwillthickenitsappearanceorgiveitaspecialshape.Secondly,pruningmaybedonetomakethetreehealthier.Youmaycutoutdiseasedordeadwood,orbranchesthatarerubbingagainsteachotherandthuscausewounds.Thehealthofatreemaybeencouragedbyremovingbranchesthatareblockingupthecenterandsopreventingthefreemovementofair.Oneresultofpruningisthatanopenwoundisleftonthetreeandthisprovidesaneasyentryfordisease,butitisawoundthatwillheal.Oftenthereisaracebetweenthehealingandthediseaseastowhetherthetreewillliveordie,sothatthereisaperiodwhenthetreeisatrisk.Itshouldbetheaimofeverygardenertoreducethatriskofdeathasfaraspossible.Itisimportanttomakethearea,whichhasbeenpruned,smoothandclean,forhealingwillbesloweddownbyroughness.Youshouldallowthecutsurfacetodryforafewhoursandthenpaintitwithoneofthematerialsavailablefromgardenshopsproducedespeciallyforthispurpose.Pruningisusuallydoneinwinter,forthenyoucanseetheshapeofthetreeclearlywithoutinterferencefromth