专业英语八级2017年考试真题与答案解析

专业英语八级·2017年考试真题与答案解析SECTIONAMINI-LECTUREInthissectionyouwillhearamini-lecture.Youwillhearthemini-lectureONCEONLY.Whilelisteningtothemini-lecture,pleasecompletethegap-fillingtaskonANSWERSHEETONEandwriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachgap.Makesuretheword(s)youfillinis(are)bothgrammaticallyandsemanticallyacceptable.Youmayusetheblanksheetfornote-taking.YouhaveTHIRTYsecondstopreviewthegap-fillingtask.Nowlistentothemini-lecture.Whenitisover,youwillbegivenTHREEminutestocheckyourwork.SECTIONBINTERVIEWInthissectionyouwillhearTWOinterviews.Attheendofeachinterview,fivequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.BoththeinterviewsandthequestionswillbespokenONCEONLY.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeaten-secondpause.andmarkthebestanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO.YouhaveTHIRTYsecondstopreviewthechoices.Now,listentothefirstinterview.Questions1to5arebasedonthefirstinterview.A.Comprehensive.B.Disheartening.C.Encouraging. D.Optimistic.A.200. B.70. C.10. D.500.A.Lackofinternationalfunding.

B.Inadequatetrainingofmedicalpersonnel.

C.Ineffectivenessoftreatmentefforts.

D.Insufficientoperationaleffortsontheground.

A.Theycanstarteducationprogramsforlocalpeople.

B.Theycanopenupmoretreatmentunits.

C.Theycanprovidepropertreatmenttopatients.

D.Theycanbecomeprofessional.A.Provisionofmedicalfacilities.

B.Assessmentfrominternationalagencies.

C.Ebolaoutpacingoperationalefforts.

D.EffectivetreatmentofEbola.Now,listentothesecondinterview.Questions6to10arebasedonthesecondinterview.A.Interpretingthechangesfromdifferentsources.

B.AnalyzingchangesfromtheInternetforcustomers.

C.Usingmediainformationtoinspirenewideas.

D.Creatingthingsfromchangesinbehavior,media,etc.A.Knowingprevioussuccessstories.

B.Beingbraveandwillingtotakearisk.

C.Beingsensitivetobusinessdata.

D.Beingawareofwhatisinteresting.A.Havingpeopletakearisk.

B.Aimingataconsumerleek.

C.Usingmessagestodothings.

D.Focusingondata-basedideas.A.Lookingforopportunities.

B.Consideringastartingpoint.

C.Establishingthefocalpoint.

D.Examiningthefuturecarefully.

A.Amediaagency.

B.AnInternetcompany.

C.Aventurecapitalfirm.

D.Abehavioralstudycenter.SECTIONAMULTIPLECHOICEQUESTIONS(1)It’s7pmonabalmySaturdaynightinJune,andIhavejustorderedmyfirstbeerinICervejaria,arestaurantinZambujeiradoMar,oneoftheprettiestvillagesonPortugal’ssouth-westcoast.Theplaceisempty,butthisdoesn’tsurprisemeatall.Ihavespenttwoweeksinthisarea,drivingalongemptyroads,playingwithmysononemptybeaches,andstayinginB&Bswherewearetheonlyguests.(2)Nodoubttherestaurant,runbytwobrothersforthepast28years,isbuzzinginJulyandAugust,whenPortugueseholidaymakersdescendontheAlentejocoast.Butfortheother10monthsoftheyear,thetrickleofdinerswhocometofeastonfantasticallyfreshseafoodreflectsthegeneralpaceoflifeintheAlentejo:sleepy,borderingoncomatose.(3)Oneofthepoorest,least-developed,least-populatedregionsinwesternEurope,theAlentejohasbeendubbedboththeProvenceandtheTuscanyofPortugal.Neitherisaccurate.Itssceneryisnotasprettyand,apartfrominthecapitalEvora,itsfoodisn’tassophisticated.Thecharmsofthislandofwheatfields,corkoakforests,wildflowermeadowsandtinywhite-washedvillages,aremoresubtlethaninFranceorItaly’sposterregions.(4)Totravelhereistostepbackintime40or50years.Liferollsalongatatreaclypace;there’sanunnervingstillnesstothelandscape.ButthatstillnessendsabruptlyattheAtlanticVicentinanationalpark,the100kmofcoastlinefromPortoCovointheAlentejotoBurgauintheAlgarveisthemoststunninginEurope.Andyetfewpeopleseemtoknowaboutit.WalkerscometoadmiretheviewsfromtheFisherman’sWay,surferstoridethebestwavesinEurope,butdayafterdaywehadspectacularbeachestoourselves.(5)Thelackofawarenessispartlyamatterofaccessibility(thesebeachesareagoodtwohours’drivefromeitherFaroorLisbonairports)andpartlytodowithalackofbeachsideaccommodation.Therearesomegorgeous,independentguesthousesinthisarea,buttheyarehiddeninvalleysorattheendofdirttracks.(6)Ourbasewasabeautiful600-acreestateofuncultivatedlandcoveredinrock-rose,eucalyptusandwildflowers13kminlandfromZambujeira.Ourone-bedroomhome,Azenha,wasoncehometothemillerwhotendedthenow-restoredwatermillnexttoit.Akilometreawayfromthemainhouse,poolandrestaurant,itisgloriouslyisolated.(7)Steppingoutofthehouseinthemorningtogreetourneighbours–wildhorsesononeside,donkeysontheother–withnothingbutbirdsongfillingtheair,Ifeltasenseofadventureyounormallyonlygetwithwildcamping.(8)“Whenpeoplefirstarrive,theyfeelalittleanxiouswonderingwhattheyaregoingtodothewholetime,”SarahGredley,theEnglishownerofestate,toldme.“Butitdoesn’tusuallytakethemlongtorealisethatthewholepointofbeinghereistoslowdown,toenjoynature.”(9)Wefollowedheradvice,walkingdowntothestreaminsearchofterrapinsandotters,orthroughclustersofcorkoaktrees.Onsomedays,wetrampeduphilltothewindmill,nowaromantichousefortwo,forpanoramicviewsacrosstheestateandbeyond.(10)Whenweventuredout,wewerealwaysdrawnbacktothecoast–thegentlesandsandshallowbayofFarolbeach.Attheendoftheday,wewouldhead,sandy-footed,tothenearestrestaurant,knowingthatateveryonetherewouldbeacabinetfulloffreshseafoodtochoosefrom–bass,salmon,lobster,prawns,crabs,goosebarnacles,clams…Weneveratethesamethingtwice.(11)AkilometreorsofromICervejaria,onZambujeira’sidyllicnaturalharbourisOSacas,originallybuilttofeedthefishermenbutnowpopularwitheveryone.Afterscarfingplatefulsofseafoodontheterrace,wewandereddowntotheharbourwheretwofishermen,inwetsuits,weresettingoutbyboatacrosstheclearturquoisewatertocollectgoosebarnacles.Otherthanthem,theplacewasdeserted–justanotheremptybeautyspotwhereIwonderedforthehundredthtimethatweekhowthispristinestretchofcoasthasremainedsoundiscovered.ThefirstpartofPara.4referstothefactthat______.lifethereisquietandslowtheplaceislittleknowntheplaceisleastpopulatedtherearestunningviews“Thelackofawareness”inPara.5refersto______.differentholidayingpreferencesdifficultyoffindingaccommodationlittleknowledgeofthebeautyofthebeachlongdistancefromtheairports

Theauthoruses“gloriously”inPara.6to______.describethesceneryoutsidethehouseshowappreciationofthesurroundingscontrastgreenerywithisolationpraisetheregion’suniquefeatureThesentence“Weneveratethesamethingtwice”inPara.10reflectsthe______oftheseafoodthere.freshnessdelicacytastevarietyWhichofthefollowingthemesisrepeatedinbothParas.1and11?Publicity.Landscape.Seafood.Accommodation.PASSAGETWO(1)IcanstillrememberthefaceswhenIsuggestedamethodofdealingwithwhatmostteachersofEnglishconsideredoneoftheirpethorrors,extendedreading.Theroomwasfulloftiredteachers,andmanywerequitecynicalabouttheoffertoworktogethertocreateanewanddynamicapproachtotheplaceofstoriesintheclassroom.(2)Theyhadseenpromisescomeandgoandmerewordsweren'tgoingtoconvincethem,whichwasashameasitwasmerewordsthatwewereprincipallydealingwith.MostteacherswereunimpressedbytheextendedreadingchallengefromtheMinistry,andtheirlackofenthusiasmfortheratherdrylistofsuggestedtaleswaspassedontotheirstudentsandeveryonewaspleasedwhenthatpartofthesyllabuswasover.Itwassimplyaboxtickingexercise.Weneededtodosomethingmore.Weneededaverydifferentapproach.(3)Thatwastenyearsago.Nowwehaveadifferentapproach,anditworks.Here’showithappened(or,likemostgoodstories,herearethemainparts.Youhavetofillinsomeofyourselfemployingthatunderusedclassroomdevice,theimagination.)Westartedwiththreemainprecepts:(4)First,itisimportanttorealizethatallofusarestorytellers,tellersoftales.Weallhaveourownnarratives–therealstoriessuchaswhathappenedtousthismorningorlastnight,andtheoneswehavebeentoldbyothersandwehaven’texperiencedpersonally.Wecouldsaythatourentirelivesareconstructedasnarratives.Asaresultweallunderstandandinstinctivelyfeelnarrativestructure.Binaryopposites–forexample,thetensioncreatedbetweengoodandbadtogetherwiththeresolutionofthattensionthroughtheinterventionoftime,resourcefulnessandvirtue–isaconceptunderstoodbyeventheyoungestchildren.ProfessorKieranEgan,inhisseminalbook‘TeachingasStorytelling’warnsusnottoignorethisinnateskill,foritisaremarkabletoolforlearning.(5)Weneedtounderstandthatwritingandreadingaretwosidesofthesamecoin:anauthorhasnotcompletedthetaskifthebookisnotread:thecreativecircleisnotcompletewithoutthereader,whowillsupplytheirowncreativeinputtotheprocess.SamuelJohnsonsaid:Awriteronlybeginsabook.Areaderfinishesit.Inteachingterms,weoftenforgetthatreadingitselfcanbeacreativeprocess,justaswritingis,andwetoooftenrelegateittoameansofdatacollection.Wefrequentlyforgettomakethatdistinctionwhenpresentingnarrativesorpoetry,andoftenaskcomprehensionquestionswhichrelatetofactualinformation–whosaidwhatandwhen,ratherthanspeculatingon‘why’,forexample,orexaminingthecontextoftheaction.(6)(7)Wequicklyfoundthatoneofthemostimportantwaysofmakingalltheforegoinghappenwastoengagethecreativetalentsoftheclassbeforetheyreadawordofthetext.Thepre-readingactivitiesbecomethemostimportantpartoftheteachingprocess;theactualreadingpartcanalmostbeseenasthecreamonthecake,andtheprincipleaimofpre-readingactivitiesistogetstudentstowanttoreadthetext.Wedevelopedaseriesofactivitieswhichusescluesorfragmentsfromthetextyettoberead,andwhichrelyonthestudent’sinnateknowledgeofnarrative,sothattheycantobuildtheirownstoriesbeforetheyreadthekeytext.Theyhaveenoughinformationtogenerateideasbutnotsomuchthatitbecomessimplyanexerciseinguidedwriting;releasingafreeimaginationistheobjective.(8)Movingfrompre-readingtoreading,wemayintroducetextualinterventionactivities.‘TextualIntervention’isatermusedbyRobPopetodescribetheprocessofquestioningatextnotsimplyasaguidetocomprehensionbutasawayofexploringthecontextofthestoryatanyonetime,andexaminingpointsatwhichthenarrativepresentschoices,pointsofdivergence,ornarrativecrossroads.Wedon’tdothisforalltexts,however,astheshorteronesdonotseemtogainmuchfromthisprocessanditsimplybreaksupthereadingpleasure.(9)Follow-upactivitiesareneeded,attheleast,toroundofftheactivity,tobringsomesenseofclosurebuttheyalsoofferanopportunitytolinkthereadingexperiencemoredirectlytotherequirementsofthesyllabus.Indeed,thestorymayhavebeenchoseninthefirstplacebecausethecontextsupportsoneofthethemesthatteachersarerequiredtoexamineaspartofthesyllabus–forexample,‘families’,‘scienceandtechnology’,‘communications’,‘theenvironment’andalltheotherfamiliarthemes.Thereareveryfewstoriesthatcan’tbeexploredwithoutsomepartofthesyllabusbeingsupported.Formanyteachersthisisanessentialrequirementiftheyaretoengageinsuchextensivereadingatall.(10)Thewholeprocess–pre-,whileandpostreading–couldbejustanhour’sactivity,oritcouldlastformorethanonelesson.Whenwearedesigningthematerialsforexploringstoriesclearlyitisisn’tpossibleforustoknowhowmuchtimeanyteacherwillhaveavailable,whichiswhyweconstructtheactivitiesintoaseriesofindependentunitswhichwecallkits.Theyarecalledkitsbecauseweexpectteacherstobuildtheirownlessonsoutofthematerialsweprovide,whichimpliesthatlargeamountsmaybediscarded.Whatwedoask,though,isthatthepre-readingactivitiesbeincluded,ifnothingelse.Thatisessentialfortheprocesstoengagethestudentasacreativereader..(11)Oneofthepurposesofencouragingacreativereadingapproachinthelanguageclassroomistodowiththedynamicsweperceiveintheclassroom.Strategictheoriststellusofthesocialtrinity,wherebythreeelementsarerequiredtoachieveadynamicinanysocialsituation.Inthelanguageclassroomthesemightbeseenasconsistingofthestudent,theteacherandthelanguage.Certainlyfromtheperspectiveofthestudent–andusuallyfromtheperspectiveoftheteacher–therelationshipisanunequalone,withthelanguagebeingperceivedasplacedclosertotheteacherthanthestudent.Thiswillresultinlessdynamicbetweenlanguageandstudentthanbetweenlanguageandteacher.However,ifwereplace‘language’withnarrativeandespeciallyifthatisapproachedasacreativeprocessthatdrawsthestudentinsothattheyfeelthey‘own’therelationshipwiththetext,thenthiswillshiftthedynamicintheclassroomsothatthestudent,whohasnowbecomeareader,ismuchclosertothelanguage–ornarrative–thanpreviously.Thiscreatesamuchmoreeffectivedynamicoflearning.However,someteachersfeelthreatenedbythisapparentlossofoverallcontrolandmastery.Indeed,thewholebusinessofopenendedcreativityandalackofboxestotickforthecorrectanswerisquiteunsettlingterritoryforsometofindthemselvesin.ItcanbeinferredfromParas.1and2thatteachersusedto______.opposestronglytheteachingofextendedreadingbeconfusedoverhowtoteachextendedreadingbeagainstadoptingnewmethodsofteachingteachextendedreadinginaperfunctorywayThesentence“weallunderstandandinstinctivelyfeelnarrativestructure”inPara.4indicatesthat______.wearegoodattellingstoriesweallliketellingstorieswearebornstory-tellerswealllikelisteningtostoriesSamuelJohnsonregardstherelationshipbetweenawriterandareaderas______(Para.5).independentcollaborativecontradictoryreciprocalInPara.7,theauthorsees“pre-reading”asthemostimportantpartofreadingbecause_____.itencouragesstudents’imaginationitlaysagoodfoundationforreadingitcanattractstudents’attentionitprovidescluestothetexttoberead

“TextualIntervention”suggestedbyRobPope(inPara.8)isexpectedtofulfillallthefollowingfunctionsEXCEPT______.exploringthecontextinterpretingambiguitiesstretchingtheimaginationexaminingthestructurePASSAGETHREE(1)Onceagain,seething,residualangerhasburstforthinanAmericancity.AndtheriotsthatovertookLosAngeleswereareminderofwhatknowledgeableobservershavebeensayingforaquartercentury:Americawillcontinuepayingahighpriceincivilandethnicunrestunlessthenationcommitsitselftoprogramsthathelptheurbanpoorleadproductiveandrespectablelives.(2)Onceagain,aprovenprogramisworthpondering:nationalservice.(3)SomewhatakintothemilitarytrainingthatgenerationsofAmericanmalesreceivedinthearmedforces,a1990sversionwouldpreparethousandsofunemployableandundereducatedyoungadultsforqualitylivesinourincreasinglyglobalandtechnology-driveneconomy.Nationalserviceopportunitieswouldbeavailabletoanywhoneededitand,makenomistake,theproblemsarenowsostructural,tointractable,thatanysolutionwillrequiremassivefederalintervention.(4)Inhismuchquotedbook,“TheTrulyDisadvantaged,”sociologistWilliamJuliusWilsonwrotethat“onlyamajorprogramofeconomicreform”willpreventtheriot-proneurbanunderclassfrombeingpermanentlylockedoutofAmericaneconomiclife.Today,wesimplyhavenochoice.Theenemywithinandamongourseparateethnicselvesisasdauntingasanyforeignfoe.(5)Familieswhoarerentapartbywelfaredependency,jobdiscriminationandintensefeelingsofalienationhaveproducesminorityteenagerswithverylittleself-disciplineandlittlefaiththatgoodgradesandtheAmericanworkethicwillpayoff.Amilitary-likeenvironmentforthemwithpracticaldomesticobjectivescouldproducestartlingresults.(6)Militaryservicehasbeenthemostsuccessfulcareertrainingprogramwe’veeverknown,andAmericanchildrenbornintheyearssincetheall-volunteerArmywasinstitutedmakeupalargeproportionofthistargetedgroup.Butthisopportunitymaydisappearforeveriftoomanyofourmilitarybasesaresummarilyclosedandconvertedorsoldtotheprivatesector.Thefacilities,manpower,traditions,andcapacityarealreadyinplace.(7)Don’tdismantleit:rechannelit.(8)Disciplineisacornerstoneofanyresponsiblecitizen’slife.Iwastaughtitbymyfather,whowasapoliceman.Mayoftheriotershaveneverhadanyatall.AsanathleteandformerArmyofficer,Iknowthatdisciplinecanbelearned.Moreimportantly,itmustbelearnedoritdoesn’ttakehold.(9)AprecedentforthisapproachwastheCivilianConservationCorpsthatworkedsowellduringtheGreatDepression.MyfatherenlistedintheCCCasayoungmanwithanelementaryschooleducationandhelearnedinvaluableskillsthatservedhimwellthroughouthislife.Thekeywasthatajobwaswaitingforhimwhenhefinished.Thecertaintyofthatfirstentry-levelpositionisessentialifseverelyalienatedyoungminoritymenandwomenaretokeepthefaith.(10)Weallknowthesearedifficulttimesforthepublicsector,buthere’sthechancetoaddenergeticandablemanpowertoAmerica’sworkforce.Theycouldbepreparedfortheworldofworkorcollege–anoffersimilartothatmadetoreturningGIafterWordWarII.Itwouldbeachancefor16-to21-year-oldstoliveamongothercultures,religions,racesandindifferentgeographicalareas.Andtheseyoungpeoplecouldbetaughttorallyaroundcommongoalsandfriendshipsthatevolveoutofprideinone’ssquad,platoon,company,battalion–orcommander.(11)WesawsuchimagesduringthePersianGulfWarandduringtheNACCFinalFourbasketballgames.Inmilitarylifeandcompetitivesports,thiscamaraderiedoesn’tjusthappen;itistaughtandlearnedinanatmosphereofdisciplineandearnedmutualrespectforeachother’scapabilities.(12)AnationalserviceprogramwouldalsohelpovercometwodamagingperceptionsheldbyAmerica’sdisaffectedyouth:thesocietyjustdoesn’tcareaboutminorityyoungstersandthatone’spersonalbesteffortswillnotberewardedinourdiscriminatoryjobmarket.HarvardprofessorRobertReich’sresearchhasshownthaturbansocialillsaresopervasivethattheupper20percentofAmericans–the“fortunatefifth”ashecallsthem–havedecidedquietlyto“secede”fromthebottomfour-fifthsandthelowestfifthinparticular.Wecannotacceptsuchestrangementonapermanentbasis.Andwhatbetterwaytoanswerskepticsfromanygroupthanbycertifyingthetechnicalskillsofgraduatesfromanationalservicetrainingprogram?(13)Now,wemustactdecisivelytoforestallfutureurbanunrest.Republicansmustputasidetheiraversiontofundingprogramsaimedatcertainculturalgroups.DemocratsmustforgetlabelsandrecognizethatageographicallyisolatedsubgroupofAmericans–theirchildreninparticular–needsystematicandsubstantiveassistanceforatleastanother20years.(14)TheethnictaprootsofminorityAmericansaredeeplyburiedinasoiloffaithandloyaltytotraditionalvalues.Withitsemphasisondiscipline,teamwork,conflictresolution,personalresponsibilityandmarketableskillsdevelopment,nationalservicecanprovideboththetrainingandthatvitalfirstjobthatwillreconnecttheseAmericanstotherestofus.Let’sdoitbeforethefirenexttime.Accordingtotheauthor,“nationalservice”iscomparableto“militarytraining”becausetheybothcultivateyoungsters’______.goodgradesselfdisciplinemutualtrustworkethicTheauthorcitestheexampleofhisfatherinordertoshow______.theimportanceofdisciplinetheimportanceofeducationthenecessityofhavingstrongfaiththeeffectivenessoftheprogramAccordingtotheauthor,anationalserviceprogramcanbringthefollowingbenefitstoAmerica’syoungstersEXCEPT______.increaseinincomeasenseofresponsibilityconfidenceandhopepracticalworkskillsAccordingtothecontext,whatdoes“thefire”referto(Para.14)?Discrimination.Anger.Riots.Aversion.SECTIONBSHORTANSWERQUESTIONSPASSAGEONEWhatdoesPara.2tellusabouttherestaurantbusinessontheAlentejocoastthroughouttheyear?AccordingtoPara.5,whatarethetwomainreasonsoftheAlentejo’sinaccessibility?PASSAGETWOWhatdoes“Itwassimplyaboxtickingexercise”meaninPara.2?Paras.4-6proposethreemainpreceptsforthenowapproach.PleaseuseONEphrasetosummarizeeachofthethreeprecepts.Whatdoestheauthorsuggesttoshiftthedynamicintheclassroom(Para.11)?PASSAGETHREEWhatisthepurposeoftheprogramproposedbytheauthor(Paras.1-3)?Whatdoestheword“it”in“Don’tdismantleit:rechannelit.”referto(Para.7)?WhatdoRobertReich’sfindingsimply(Para.12)?ThepassagecontainsTENerrors.EachindicatedlinecontainsamaximumofONEerror.Ineachcase,onlyONEwordisinvolved.Youshouldproof-readthepassageandcorrectitinthefollowingway:Forawrongword,underlinethewrongwordandwritethecorrectoneintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.Foramissingword,markthepositionofthemissingwordwitha“∧”signandwritethewordyoubelievetobemissingintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.Foranunnecessaryword,crosstheunnecessarywordwithaslash“/”andputthewordintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.ExampleWhen∧artmuseumwantsanewexhibit, (1)EQ\o(an,\s\do-1(__________))itneverbuysthingsinfinishedformandhangs (2)EQ\o(never,\s\do-1(__________))themonthewall.Whenanaturalhistorymuseumwantsanexhibition,itmustoftenbuildit. (3)EQ\o(exhibit,\s\do-1(__________))ProofreadthegivenpassageonANSWERSHEETTHREEasinstructed.我小的时候特别盼望过年，往往是一过了腊月，就开始掰着指头数日子。对于我们这种焦急的心态，大人们总是发出深沉的感叹，好像他们不但不喜欢过年，而且还惧怕过年。他们的态度令当时的我感到失望和困惑，现在我完全能够理解了。我想长辈们之所以对过年感慨良多，一是因为过年意味着一笔开支，二是飞速流逝的时间对他们构成巨大压力。小孩子可以兴奋地说：过了年，我又长大了一岁；而老人们则叹息：嗨，又老了一岁。过年意味着小孩子正在向自己生命过程中的辉煌时期进步，而对于大人，则意味着正向衰朽的残年滑落。Thefollowingaretwoexcerptsaboutjobhopping.ReadthetwoexcerptscarefullyandwriteanarticleofNOLESSTHAN300WORDS,inwhichyoushould:summarizethemainargumentsinthetwoexcerpts,andthenexpressyouropiniontowardsjobhopping,especiallyonwhetherjobhoppingwouldbenefityourcareerdevelopment.Youcansupportyourselfwithinformationfromtheexcerpts.Excerpt1TheProsofJobHoppingUntilrecently,jobhoppingwasconsideredcareersuicide.Butthingshavechanged.Asjoblongevitybecomesathingofthepast,employersandrecruitersarebeginningtohaveadifferentoutlookonjobhopping.AccordingtotheBureauofLaborStatistics,theaveragenumberofyearsthat.workershavebeenwiththeircurrentemployeris.Tenureofyoungemployees(ages20to34)isonlyhalfthatyears).Asitturnsout,jobhoppingcanbeextremelyadvantageousforcertaintypesofpeople–iftheydoitfortherightreasons,saysLaurieLopez,apartnerandseniorgeneralmanagerintheITContractsdivisionatWinterWyman.“Forthoseintechnology,forexample,itallowsthemtheopportunitytogainvaluabletechnicalknowledgeindifferentenvironmentsandcultures.ThiscanbemorecommonforthosespecializinginIT.Inordertokeeptheirskillsfresh,itisnecessaryfortechnologiststoremaincurrentinahighlycompetitivemarket.Jobhoppingismorecommonwithemployeesthatarelesstenured,andfeelconfidentintheirskillstobeabletomoveonandcanaddvalueimmediatelyinanewopportunity.Withemployersbeingmoreopentohiringjobhoppers,weexpectthetrendtocontinue.”Excerpt2JobhoppingbecomesmoredifficultasemployersseeksolidcredentialsAmidaslowdowninthecountry’seconomicgrowth,thegoodtimesforjobhoppersmightbecomingtoanend,saidAngelLam,associatedirectorofcommerceandfinance,humanresources,supplychainandoperationbusinessofRobertWalters.Jobhoppersarethosewhofrequentlychangejobsinatwo-yearspan,accordingtoglobalrecruitmentconsultancyRobertWalters.Employersstartedtoshunthejobhoppersin2012,andthetrendbecamemoreapparentin2013andthisyear.“About90percentofourclientswillsimplyrejectthecandidateiftheyfindtracesindicatingjobhoppingintheresumes.Theywouldn’tevengiveaninterview,”shesaid.Theusualtimespanforcandidatestochangeajobshouldbebetweenfourtosixyears,especiallyformiddletoseniormanagementcandidates,astheyhavetodemonstrateprogresstotheiremployersoverthisperiodoftime,accordingtoLam.Usually,thecandidatewilladapttoallthechangesinthejobinthefirstyear,makesomefinetuninginthesecondyear,speeduphisorherprogressinthethirdyearandstarttoseekmorestabledevelopmentintheensuingyears.Onlyinthiswaycantheemployeeimproveadaptability,gainpersistenceandgraspbasicskillsetsrequiredforthejob,Lamsaid.

答案解析PartⅠLISTENINGCOMPREHENSIONSECTIONAMINI-LECTURE1.signing2.primary3.literacy4.differentbutcomplementary5.avoiding6.manyothercontexts7.characteristics/features8.reaction9.distance10.emotion11.deliberate12.intimacyandimmediacy13.continuum14.typesoflanguage15.theusageSECTIONBINTERVIEWWhatisinternationalleaders’assessmentofthecurrentbattleagainstEbola?答案：B.Disheartening.HowmanypeoplearenowworkinginthetreatmentunitinLiberia?答案：A.200.AccordingtoMary,whatisthechallengeinthebattleagainstEbola?答案：Insufficientoperationaleffortsontheground.Whydohealthworkersneedcasemanagementprotocoltraining?答案：Theycanopenupmoretreatmentunits.Whatdoesthisinterviewmainlytalkabout?答案：Ebolaoutpacingoperatio