上海市黄浦区高三英语下学期4月学业等级考调研测试（二模）试题

上海市黄浦区2021届高三英语下学期4月学业等级考调研测试（二模）试题（完卷时间：120分钟总分：140分）第I卷（共100分）I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Customerandsalesperson.B.Employerandemployee.C.Interviewerandjobseeker.D.Consultantandstudent.2.A.About108.B.About180.C.About216. D.About360.3.A.Inaprofessor’sworkshop.B.Inadoctor’soffice.C.Atauniversitylaboratory. D.Atahotelreception.4.A.Shetakesnonoticeoftheboard.B.Shethinksthenoticeboardistoodark.C.Shedoesn’tunderstandthenoticeeither.D.Shecan’tseewhat’sinthenoticeclearly.5.A.Typeforafewminutes.B.Takehertohavearest.C.Lookforanothertypist.D.Finishwritingthereport.6.A.Johnsonwaslatefortheirdinneryesterday.B.Johnsondidn’tshowupatthedinnertimeyesterday.C.Hedidn’tcallJohnsontohavedinnertogetheryesterday.D.Hecouldn’tgotoJohnson’shousefordinneryesterday.7.A.Themanneedstenminutestoridethewomantothehotel.B.Thewomanwillarriveatthehoteltenminuteslaterthanplanned.C.Themandoesn’tthinkhecanmanagetoreachthehotelintenminutes.D.Thewomandoesn’thopehewillbeabletodrivequicklytothehotel.8.A.Topickhimup.B.Togivehimaring.C.Toconveyamessage.D.Toreturnhomeatonce.9.A.Hesaysthatitcoststoomuchmoney.B.Hethinksitdoesharmtotheenvironment.C.Hebelievesitissuretobringhugeprofits.D.Heknowsnothingabouttheconstructionofit.10.A.Themanhasfinishedtheproject.B.Themanwantstoapologizetothewoman.C.ThewomanwillletBobcalltheman.D.Thewomanislosingpatiencewiththeman.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation.Aftereachpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Itisusuallygivenimmediatelybyaphysician.B.Itusuallymakestheservicesofadoctorunnecessary.C.Itusuallycausestheconfusionofthefirstaider.D.Itisusuallydonebysomeoneinaccidentsoremergencies.12.A.Askingforsoundsuggestions.B.Findingoutthecauseoftheproblems.C.Arrangingforanambulance.D.Telephoningthevictim’sbestfriend.13.A.Reassurethevictimthathelpisathand.B.Givethevictimcareandencouragement.C.Handletheinjuredpartsonlywhenitisnecessary.D.Movethevictim’sbodytofindanddressalltheinjuries.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Tocompareamusicjournalistandamusician.B.Togivesuggestionsonbecomingamusicjournalist.C.Todescribethespecificneedsofmusicmagazines.D.Tointroducetherequirementsofaprofessionalmusician.15.A.Haveagoodknowledgeofgreatmusicals.B.Getfamiliarwiththemusicofrecentyears.C.Beexpertataspecialtypeofmusic.D.Createopportunitiesformoremusicians.16.A.It’seasytogetadvertisementssoastoearnmore.B.Ithelpstosignlong-termcontractswithgreatorganizations.C.Itofferstimetowriteforawiderrangeofmusicmagazines.D.Itcontributestodevelopingreaders’specificexpectations.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Thecourseisonlyopentopoetrymajors.B.Thecourserequiresanothercoursefirst.C.Thecourseisallfilledupyet. D.Thecourseisonlyofferedinthemorning.18.A.Hehasanothercourseatthesametime.B.Theclassistoofarawayfromthecommunity.C.Thecourseisgivenduringhisworkinghours.D.He’salreadyfamiliarwiththematerialofthecourse.19.A.Hisworkscheduledoesn’tconflictwithhisotherclasses.B.Hedoesn’twanttoaskhisbossforanotherfavor.C.Hewantstoworkthesamescheduleashisfriends.D.Helikestodohishomeworkintheevening.20.A.Itscoursescostmuchless.B.Ithasaneveningcafeteria.C.Theclasssizethereissmaller.D.Itmayoffercoursesduringtheday.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,

useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.OceanexplorationchangedhumanhistoryOneofhumanity’sgreatestachievementshasbeenmasteringroutesacrosstheworld’soceans.Communitiesseparatedbythousandsofmilesintocontactandreligiousideashavespreadacrossthewaters,whileartisticcreativityhasbeenmotivatedbytheexperienceofseeingtheproductsofdifferentcivilizations.Customshavebeendecisivelyalteredbythemovementofshipsacrosstheoceans.NoonedrankteainmedievalEurope,butcontacthadbeenmadewiththetea-drinkingChinese,teabecamepopularwithmillionsofpeoplefromSwedentotheUnitedStates.Wetendtoholdtheviewtheopeningoftheoceanswastheworkofthegreatexplorers,especiallythe15thcenturypioneerswhoedgedwaythroughunchartedwaterstosouthernAfrica,theIndianOceanandthelandsoftheIndies.TheseweresailorsChristopherColumbus,whochanceduponunsuspectedlandsthatblockedtheexpectedsearoutefromEuropetoChinaandJapan.ButwhilethesemengivetheAgeofDiscoveryitsname,theydidn’tstarttheexplorationoftheworld’soceans—andtherewerealsoscoresofmerchantswhofollowedinroute,fulladvantageofnewknowledgeabouttheopenoceantodeveloptradelinksacrosstheworld,laidthefoundationformodernglobalization.Thesewerethepeoplewhoreallymasteredtheoceansandbroughtthecontinentsintocontact.Sincethen,theoceanshaveonlycontinuedtheworldtogether—mostdramaticallywhennewrouteswereliterallycarvedout,withthebuildingoftheSuesCanalinthe19thcenturyandtheopeningofthePanamaCanalin1914.ThefirstgoodstopassthroughthePanamaCanalconsistedofacargoofpineapplesfromHawaii.ThePacificandtheAtlanticwere(closely)tiedtogetherthaneverbefore.SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.concernedB.signalsC.mechanicalD.monitorE.identificationF.philosophicalG.thoughtsH.assumeI.embeddedJ.privacyK.proceduresWouldyouwearacomputerunderyourskin?Forgetsmartphonesandsmartglasses.Oneday,wemighthavesmarttattoos,bodymodifications.ThecompanyNewDealDesigncameupwithanideaforaproductcalledUnderSkin.Thedevicewouldlooklikeapairoftattoosonyourarmsandthesideofyourthumb,butitwouldactuallybeaverythincomputerimplantedjustbelowyourskin.Itwoulddrawpowerfromyourbody’senergy,andyoucoulduseittounlockdoors,31yourhealth,exchangeandstoreinformation,orevenexpressyourpersonality.UnderSkinisjustanidea—youcan’tgooutandgetone—butthetechnologyexiststomakeitwork.“We32itisaboutfiveyearsfrombeingreal,”saysdesignerGadiAmit.WriterandtechnologyinitiatorAmalGraffstraalreadyhasachipcalledaradio-frequency33tagimplantedinhishand.“Iuseittologintomycomputer.Ialsouseittosharecontactdetailswithpeople,”hesays.Thechipisaboutthesizeofagrainofriceandrespondstoradio34withauniquenumberforrecognition.Ifacomputerizedtattooor35tagisn’tcrazyenoughforyou,whataboutabrainchip?ThecompanyIntelisworkingontechnologythatwouldletyoucontrolyourdeviceswithyourmind.DeanPomerleau,oneoftheresearchers,explains,“We’retryingtoproveyoucandointerestingthingswithbrainwaves….ImaginebeingabletosurftheWebwiththepowerofyour36.”Doyouthinkthesechipssoundfrighteningorcool?Somedoctorsare37aboutpeoplehurtingthemselveswhilegettingdevicesimplanted.Theyarguethatmedical38aremeanttohealsickpeople,andnottogivehealthypeoplespecialpowers.Othersworryabouthackingand39.Couldsomeonehackinandstealyouridentity,orevencontrolyourmind?Onamore40level,ifyouhaveacomputerinsideyourbody,areyoustillhuman?Orareyouacyborg,abeingthatisparthumanandpartmachine,oramachinethatlookslikeahumanbeing?Whatdoyouthink—wouldyouwantacomputerunderyourskin?III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Forthelongesttime,thepredominantdescriptionaboutrenewableenergyfeaturedawkwardtechnologies,highcosts,andburdensomeallowance.Inthe41ofstrictandfar-reachingpolicychanges,thechancesformassadoptionseemedslim.Electricvehicles(EVs)simplycouldn’tgothedistance,andLEDlightswereunattractiveand42.Butnowthatthesetechnologieshavecomeofage,anewstoryisbeingwritten.Aroundtheworld,businesses,governments,andhouseholdsaretakingadvantageofmorecost-effectivelow-carbontechnologies.43advancesininformationtechnologies(IT),greensolutionscanbeintroducedintobusinessoperationssuccessfully.Andaspublicsupportforthesetechnologieshasgrown,sohavethe44forscalinguptoafullysustainableenergysystem.Asinanyrapidtransition,afullunderstandingofwhatishappeninghas45events.Manypresentenergyproducersfindithardtobelievethattheirworldisundergoingarevolutionarychange,sotheyinsistthattheirheavilypollutingtechnologieswillremain46andnecessaryforsometimetocome.Journalists,too,describethetransitionwithadegreeof47,becauseitistheirjobtobesuspicious.Andpoliticiansandregulatorsarecautioustoadoptanewperspective,48theyarealreadystrugglingtokeepupwiththepaceofchangeintheenergyindustry.Tobesure,49doesn’tcomewithoutsetbacks,astherecentgrowthinenergy-relatedgreenhouse-gas(GHG)emissionsshows.Yetthereisnodoubtthatthefutureofenergywillbe50differentfromtherecentpast.Infact,the51ishappeningevenfasterthanwethink,forexample,coal-firedpowerplantsareshuttingdownfasterthanever,andplansfornewnatural-gasplantsarebeingreplacedwithmorecost-effectivewindandsolaroptions.Andastheshifttowardrenewablesgainsgoodtrends,itwillbeeasierforelectedofficialstopursuemoreclimate-friendlypoliciesandregulations,therebycreatinga(n)52circleofchange.Asthegreentransitioncomesofage,itwilloffersolutionstoallofhumanity’senergyneeds,placingaclean,prosperousandsecurelow-carbonfuturewellwithinreach.Yetevenaswehug53,wemustnotlosesightofthefactthatclimatechangeisspeedingup.WithGHGemissions54torise,thefutureofhumanityhangsinthebalance.Onehopesthattheshiftto55energywilltipthescaleinourfavor.41.A.licenseB.absenceC.applicationD.promotion42.A.invisibleB.unbelievable C.inevitableD.unaffordable43.A.Insteadof B.Owingto C.Incaseof D.Accordingto44.A.resourcesB.revolutions C.prospects D.priorities45.A.caughtupwithB.comparedwith C.takenplaceof D.fallenbehind46.A.relevant B.inferiorC.syntheticD.experimental47.A.mixture B.caution C.conflict D.approval48.A.incase B.sothat C.eventhough D.themoment49.A.significance B.invention C.happinessD.progress50.A.dramatically B.economically C.independently D.equivalently51.A.interaction B.modernization C.motivation D.transformation52.A.natural B.potential C.positive D.original53.A.influence B.optimismC.estimation D.extension54.A.startingB.failing C.emergingD.continuing55.A.sustainable B.traditionalC.available D.industrialSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhaveread.(A)OnthenightofSeptember19,1961,BettyHillandherhusbandBarneyweredrivinghomethroughtheWhiteMountainsfromNiagaraFalls.Theyweretravellingonanearlydesertedtwo-lanehighwaywhenBettynoticedasteadylightintheskythatwasgettingbiggerandbrighter.Shethoughtitwasaplanetorastar.Barney,stimulatedatherexcitement,saiditwasprobablyjustawanderingaeroplane.Whateveritwas,itappearedtobefollowingthem.Theystoppedtheircarforacloserlook.Whattheysaidhappenednext,changedtheirlives.Theflyingobjectwasnoiseless.Itappearedtobespinning.Itwasasbigasajetbutshapedlikeapancake.SoformedthetaleofBettyHill,aNewHampshiresocialworkerwho,withBarney,apostalworker,claimedtobekidnappedbyaliens,whowerefromouterspace,onamoonlitnightabout60yearsago.Afterreluctantlygoingpublicwithherexperience,Hill,whodiedofcanceratherNewHampshirehome,aged85,becameacelebrityontheUFOcircuitandwasknownasthe“firstladyofUFOs”.Intriguingly,atthetimeoftheincident,theHillsrememberednothingexceptthattheyhadspiedastrangeobjectinthesky.Later,troubledbynightmaresandotherstress-relatedpains,thecoupleunderwenthypnosis(催眠)wherethefullstorycameoutwiththeaidofBostonpsychiatristBenjaminSimon,anexpertinmedicalhypnosis.OntheirnightofcontacttheHillsarrivedhomeat5a.m.,unabletoaccountfortwolosthours.Theywerealsoconfusedbytheoddmarksontheirtelescopes,deepsignsonthetopsofBarney’sbestshoes,Betty’storndressandstrangecircularmarkingsontheircarthatmadetheneedleofacompassjumpwildly.Afterseeingthemforsixmonths,thepsychiatristconcludedtheHills’lostmemoryaboutthehourstheylostonthatnightin1961“appearedtoinvolveanamazingexperienceonthepartofbothoftheHills”.Whethertheexperiencehadbeenfantasyorreality,Simoncouldnotsay,buthesaidhewasconvincedtheyhadnotbeenlying.Heguessedthatithadbeenakindofshareddream.Reportsofalienscapturinghumansandtakingthemaboardoddlyshapedspacecraftwere“comparativelyrare”before1975.Afteramovie,“TheUFOIncident”,abouttheHillscameout,however,suchstoriesincreased.56.Whentheysawthestrangeobjectinthesky,BarneyandBettyHill______________.A.wereastonishedatitsstrangeflightandnoiseB.regardeditasjustawanderingcarfollowingthemC.realizedimmediatelywhatthedangeritmightcauseD.showedcuriosityindiscoveringwhatitreallywas57.Theword“Intriguingly”inparagraph6mostprobablymeans“______________”.A.RidiculouslyB.TemporarilyC.RemarkablyD.Mysteriously58.TheHillslatersoughtthehelpofapsychiatristbecause______________.A.theyhadlotsofsecretsintheirlivesafterthestrangeexperienceB.theirlivesweregreatlydisturbedbytheunexpectedexperienceC.theywantedtosharetheirunforgettableexperiencewiththeexpertD.theyhopedtoforgetcompletelywhathadhappenedtothem59.Thisarticlewaswritteninorderto______________.A.describeanunusualeventtothereadersB.convincereadersoftheexistenceofUFOsC.recordhowpeoplewerecaughtbyaliensD.warnpeopleofthedangerstheUFOscause(B)Thechangingpopulationthroughouttheglobalizingworld,inparticularanincreaseintheagingpopulationandadecreaseinbirthrates,isdisturbinghousingmarkets.Since1970,globalaverageincomeperpersonhasincreased,withafewexceptionsasin2009and2015,andinequalityhasalsowidenedamongandwithinnations.TheInternationalMonetaryFund’sGlobalHousePriceIndexcollapsedin2008beforeclimbingagaintoreachpre-crisislevels.Duetothesepopulationandfinancialtrends,householdstructureshavechangedwithincreasedpreferenceforsmaller,sharedlivingquartersandlesshomeownershipworldwide.Analystsincreasinglyfocusonmappingandpredictingeffectsofglobalizationonhousingmarketsandindividualdecisions.Countriesattheforefrontofglobalization,namelytheUnitedStatesandChina,aswellasrapidlyglobalizingcountrieslikeIndia,expecttheiragingpopulationstodoublebytheyear2050.Coupledwithchangestothefamilystructure,especiallyachildbirthratenearlyhalvedsince1950andmoretwo-incomehouseholds,decisionsinvolvingthehousingstockaremorecomplexthaneverbefore.Thethreecountriesmayshareacommonchallenge:Theirgovernmentsarenotwellpreparedforrapidgrowthintheirgrayingpopulations.Outofthethree,theUnitedStatescouldbemostaffected,astheprimary-modeofseniorcareinChinaandIndiaisin-homecare.Iffamilysupportremainsthetopchoiceforseniorcare,thiscouldpreventIndiaandChinafromthepossiblenegativeeffectsoftheinadequatepublicandprivateplanning.In-homecareinvolvesfamilymemberscoveringthecostandaccommodationofseniormembers.About65percentofUSelderlyinneedofassistancerelyonfamilyandfriends,andnon-familyseniorcareisrelativelynewforIndiaandChina.60.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtoparagraph1and2?A.Thehousingmarketsaremostlyaffectedbythedecreaseinbirthratesandriseindeathrates.B.Inequalityhaswidenedamongandwithinnationsduetotherapidglobalizationofthehouseholds.C.Thepopulationandfinancialtrendsledtoincreasedpreferenceforsmaller,sharedaccommodations.D.Analyststhinkglobalizationhasdecisiveeffectsonhousingmarketsandindividualdecisions.61.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphsandtheillustration?A.Theagingpopulationsofthethreecountriesareexpectedtodecreaseby2050.B.Non-familyseniorcareprobablyremainsthebestchoicefortheelderlyinAmerica.C.Chinawillprobablyhavethelargestpercentageoftheseniorpopulationby2050.D.Thethreegiantsintermsofpopulationmustavoidthechallengesfromtheircitizens.62.Thebesttitleforthepassageis______________.A.ThechallengefortheagedB.ShelterforanagingworldC.TherapidgrowthofpopulationD.Comparisononglobalization(C)Cuckoosdon’tbotherbuildingtheirownnests—theyjustlayeggsthatperfectlyimitatethoseofotherbirdsandtakeovertheirnests.Butotherbirdsarewisingup,evolvingsomeseriouslyimpressivetrickstospotthecuckooeggs.Cuckoosareoftenknownasparasites,meaningthattheyhidetheireggsinthenestsofotherspecies.Toavoiddetection,thecuckooshaveevolvedsothattheireggsseemreproductionofthoseoftheirpreferredtargets.Ifthehostbirddoesn’tnoticethestrangeegginitsnest,thelittlecuckoowillactuallytaketheentirenestforitselfafteritcomesout,takingtheothereggsonitsbackanddroppingthemoutofthenest.Toavoidthisunpleasantfatefortheiryoung,theotherbirdshaveevolvedafewsmartwaystospotthefakes,whichwe’reonlynowbeginningtofullyunderstand.Oneofthemostamazingfindsisthatbirdshaveanextracolor-sensitivecellintheireyes,whichmakesthemfarmoresensitivetoultraviolet(紫外线)wavelengthsandallowsthemtoseeafargreaterrangeofcolorsthanhumanscan.Thisallowscautiousbirdstodetectafakeeggwhichmightbeexactlythesametooureyes.Fascinatingly,we’reactuallyabletoobservedifferentbirdspeciesatverydifferentpointsintheirevolutionarywarwiththecuckoos.Forinstance,somecuckooslaytheireggsinthenestsoftheredstarts.Theblueeggsthesecuckooslayarepracticallyaliketothoseoftheredstarts,andyettheyarestillsometimesrejected.Comparethatwithcuckooswhotargetdunnocks.Whilethosebirdslayperfectlyblueeggs,theircuckooinvadersjustlaywhiteeggswithbrownirregularshapedspots.Andyetdunnocksbarelyeverseemtonoticetheobvioustrick.Biologistssuspectthesemoreeasilydeceivedspecieslikethedunnocksareonthesameevolutionarypathastheredstarts,buttheyhavealongwaytogountiltheyevolvethesamelevelsofsuspicion.What’sremarkableisthatthedunnockfakesaresobadandtheredstartonessogood,andyetcuckoosarestillmoresuccessfulwiththeformerthanthelatter.Itspeakstojusthowthoroughlyaspecies’behaviorcanbealteredbythepressuresofnaturalselection,oritmightjustbeabitofstrategiccooperationonthepartofthedunnocks.Biologistshavesuggestedthatthesebirdsarewillingtotolerateaparasiteeverysooftenbecausetheydon’twanttoriskaccidentallygettingridofoneoftheirowneggs.63.Thispassagewasmostlikelyfoundina______________.A.traveljournalB.zooadvertisementC.naturemagazineD.sciencesurvey64.Whatdoestheword“parasites”inparagraph2mostprobablyreferto?A.Animalswhichliveonorinsideotherhostanimals.B.Animalsthatmutuallyworktogethertoraiseyoung.C.Smallharmfulanimalssuchaswormsormice.D.Animalsthatcanadapttochangingenvironments.65.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutdunnockaccordingtothepassage?A.Itcaneasilyremovecuckooeggsfromthenestbecausefakesaresobad.B.Itiscolour-blindandthereforecannotidentifyforeigneggsinthenest.C.Itisahostbirdthatismorelikelytoraiseacuckoochickthantheredstart.D.Itisunabletoevolveandhenceacceptscuckooeggsthatappearinthenest.66.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Dunnocksmayeventuallylearntorecogniseforeigneggs.B.Redstartsseemtobelesssuspiciouscomparedtodunnocks.C.Itisveryeasyforcuckoostoimitatethecolouringofthedunnock’segg.D.Cuckoobirdsaregoodattakingresponsibilityfortheirownyoung.SectionCA.Theresearchfocusesonwhethermachinecanlearntopredictpeople’spreferenceofmusic.B.Thelabisalreadyworkingwithaddictiontreatmentclinicstoseehowotherformsofmediacouldhelppatients.C.Amoviewithoutasoundtrackdoesn’tstimulatethesameemotionaljourney.D.Throughaseriesofhumantesters,60piecesforeachemotionwerenarroweddowntoafinallistofthree.E.Theresearchispartofthelab’sbroadergoaltounderstandhowdifferentformsofmediaaffectpeople’sbodiesandbrains.F.TheresearchersareexcitedabouthowAIcouldbeusedtoenhancethefunctionofmusicinmorefields.AIcouldhelpusdeconstructthemagicofmusicWeallknowthatmusicisapowerfulinfluencer.67Fitnesswithoutawarm-bloodedsongwouldbeboring.Butisthereawaytoquantifythesereactions?Andifso,couldtheybereverse-engineeredandputtouse?Inanewpaper,researchersattheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniamappedouthowthingsliketone,rhythm,andharmonycausedifferenttypesofbrainactivity,physiologicalreactions(heat,sweat,andchangesinelectricalresponse),andemotions(happinessorsadness),andhowmachinelearningcouldusethoserelationshipstopredicthowpeoplemightrespondtoanewpieceofmusic.Theresults,presentedataconferenceontheintersectionsofcomputerscienceandart,showhowwemayonedaybeabletoengineertargetedmusicalexperiencesforpurposesrangingfromtherapytomovies.68“Onceweunderstandhowmediacanaffectourvariousemotions,thenwecantrytoproductivelyuseitforactuallysupportingorenhancinghumanexperiences,”saysShrikanthNarayanan,aprofessoratUSCandtheprincipalinvestigatorinthelab.Theresearchersfirstsearchedmusicstreamingsitesforsongswithveryfewplays,taggedeither“happy”or“sad.”69Tworeliablycausedsadnessandonereliablycausedhappiness.Onehundredparticipantswhohadn’theardthesongsbeforesplitintotwogroups,listenedtoallthreepieces,andeithertookaspecialscanorworepulse,heat,andelectricitysensorsontheirskinandratedtheintensityoftheiremotionsonascaleof0to10.Theresearchersthenfedthedata,alongwith74featuresforeachsong,intoseveralmachine-learningmathematicalstepsandexaminedwhichfeatureswerethestrongestpredictorsofresponses.Theyfound,forexample,thatthebrightnessofasong(thelevelofitsmediumandhighfrequencies)andthestrengthofitsbeatwerebothamongthebestpredictorsofhowasongwouldaffectalistener’sheartrateandbrainactivity.Theresearchisstillinveryearlystages,anditwillbeawhilebeforemorepowerfulmachine-learningmodelswillbeabletopredictyourmentalandphysicalreactionstoasongwithanyprecision.Buttheresearchersareexcitedabouthowsuchmodelscouldbeapplied:todesignmusicforspecificindividuals,tocreatemoviesoundtrackseasilyarousingsympathy,ortohelppatientswithmentalhealthproblemsstimulatespecificpartsoftheirbrain.70Theywanttostarttryingmusic-basedtherapiesaswell.IV.SummaryWritingDirections:

Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

71.HowthesmartphoneaffectedteensSomeparentsmightworryabouttheirteensspendingsomuchtimeontheirphonesbecauseitrepresentsacompletedeparturefromhowtheyspenttheirownadolescence.Butspendingthismuchtimeonscreensisnotjustdifferent—inmanyways,it’sactuallyworse.Spendinglesstimewithfriendsmeanslesstimetodevelopsocialskills.A2014studyfoundthatsixthgraderswhospentjustfivedaysatacampwithoutusingscreensendedthetimebetteratreadingemotionsonothers’faces,suggestingthatteens’screen-filledlivesmightcausetheirsocialskillstodecline.Inaddition,teensusingsmartphonesreadbooks,magazinesandnewspapersmuchlessthanpreviousgenerationsdidasteens:IntheannualMonitoringtheFuturesurvey,thepercentageofhighschoolseniorswhoreadanon-requiredbookormagazinenearlyeverydaydroppedfrom60percentin1980toonly16percentin2015.Collegeteacherstellmethatstudentshavemoretroublereadinglongertextpassages,andrarelyreadtherequiredtextbooks.Thisisn’ttosaythatteenswhousesmartphonesdon’thavealotgoingforthem.Theyarephysicallysaferandmoretolerantthanprevious